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    The water treatment process involves three main stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment involves mechanical processes like screening. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like bacteria to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment uses more advanced biological or chemical processes to remove additional contaminants. The overall goals of water treatment are to remove pollutants, promote public health, preserve aquatic life, and allow for recreation. The treatment methods used depend on the raw water quality and desired standards, and may include aeration, settling, coagulation, filtration, and disinfection.

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    The water treatment process involves three main stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment involves mechanical processes like screening. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like bacteria to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment uses more advanced biological or chemical processes to remove additional contaminants. The overall goals of water treatment are to remove pollutants, promote public health, preserve aquatic life, and allow for recreation. The treatment methods used depend on the raw water quality and desired standards, and may include aeration, settling, coagulation, filtration, and disinfection.

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    The water treatment process involves three main stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment involves mechanical processes like screening. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like bacteria to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment uses more advanced biological or chemical processes to remove additional contaminants. The overall goals of water treatment are to remove pollutants, promote public health, preserve aquatic life, and allow for recreation. The treatment methods used depend on the raw water quality and desired standards, and may include aeration, settling, coagulation, filtration, and disinfection.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    53 views5 pages

    WWWWWWW

    Uploaded by

    Sharon Chen
    The water treatment process involves three main stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment involves mechanical processes like screening. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like bacteria to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment uses more advanced biological or chemical processes to remove additional contaminants. The overall goals of water treatment are to remove pollutants, promote public health, preserve aquatic life, and allow for recreation. The treatment methods used depend on the raw water quality and desired standards, and may include aeration, settling, coagulation, filtration, and disinfection.

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    of 5

    Water Treatment Process

    The treatment procedure are generally divided into three


    group:
    1.Primary Treatment or Mechanical Treatment
    2.Secondary Treatment or Biological Treatment
    3.Tertiary Treatment or Advance biological or Chemical
    Treatment

    Why treat wastewater?


    To remove pollutants from wastewater for its recycling
    To promote health concern and public hygiene.
    To preserve aquatic life and wildlife habitat.
    To promote recreation and quality of life.

    Detail step and methods of water treatment depends on


    nature of raw water and required standard of water quality.
    General steps in purification of drinking water includes
    Aeration
    The sample (raw water) is collected in large aeration tank.
    The water sample is aerated by using compressed air
    through perforated pipes. It removes bad odors, CO2 and
    some metals such as iron, manganese thru precipitation
    of their respective hydroxides.
    Storage/ Settling
    The aerated water is then placed in settling tank which
    should be stored for 10-14 days. Some of the suspended
    solids heavier toxic chemicals will settle down and water
    becomes clear. In addition, pathogenic bacteria will
    gradually decrease in counts. During the storage organic
    matters present in water sample is oxidized by
    microorganisms.

    Coagulation
    Water sample is then placed in coagulation tank with
    addition of precipitating agents such as alum or lime.
    There should be constant stirring inside the tank. There
    will formation of precipitate when dissolved in water.
    Gradually the mass of the suspended solid becomes
    heavier and finally settle down.

    Filtration
    The partially clarified water is then passthrough sand
    gravity filter which removes impurities and
    microorganisms. During the process unpleasant odor may
    occur, activated carbon can be used in filter bed to remove
    bad odors.

    Disinfection
    The final stage is disinfection of the filtered water by using
    disinfectants such as chlorination. In this stage,
    disinfection kills pathogenic and other microorganism in
    water. After disinfection, water is distributed for domestic
    distribution.

    Water Quality Indicators for Lakes and Ponds


    1. Temperature
    2. Turbidity
    3. Transparency
    4. Speed
    5. Oxygen
    6. Carbon Dioxide:
    7. pH
    8. Hardness
    9. Nitrogen
    10. Phosphorus
    11. Chloride

    Types of Water Purification for Small Scale


    1. Boiling is the simplest of all water purification
    methods. It is effective because it kills 99.9% of
    all living things and vaporizes most chemicals.
    2. Chlorination is one of the most common water
    purification techniques that has been in use for
    many years. Likely, it is because it is easily
    available, cheap, and effective.
    3. Reverse Osmosis, commonly referred to as RO, is
    the perfect solution to improve the taste, odor,
    and appearance of your water. RO is a method
    universally known for its effective purification of
    seawater. It is a process in which dissolved
    inorganic solids, such as fluoride, chlorine, lead,
    and pesticides are removed from water by applying
    pressure more than the osmotic pressure and
    pushing the water through a semi-permeable
    membrane.
    4. Distillation is one of the simplest water
    purification processes. A water distillation system
    is simply designed to purify your water in an
    inexpensive, quick, and effective way. This process
    has only two operations, namely evaporation, and
    condensation.
    5. Filtration is a method of physical or mechanical
    separation of one substance to another in a liquid
    through a suitable media. Traditionally, this media
    comprised of sand and granules but modern
    filtration systems use activated carbon as the main
    constituent material of the filter.

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