Control Systems Sanfoundary
Control Systems Sanfoundary
Control Systems Sanfoundary
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This set of Control Systems Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Standard Test Signals”.
1. A feedback control systems has the inherent capability that its parameter can be
adjusted to alter both its transient and steady state responses.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
2. Transient response analysis is done for_________ systems.
a) Unstable
b) Stable
c) Conditionally stable
d) Marginally stable
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In case the system happens to be unstable, we need not proceed with its
transient response analysis.
3. The input signals to control systems are not known fully ahead of time, the
characteristics of control system which suddenly strain a control system are:
a) Sudden shock
b) Sudden change
c) Constant velocity and acceleration
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
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6. It is generally used to analyze the transient response to one of the standard test
signals.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. Step signal is the signal whose values is :
a) 1 for all values greater than zero
b) Indeterminate at zero
c) It is zero for time less than zero
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Step signal is the signal whose value varies from zero to level in zero time.
8. Ramp input :
a) Denotes constant velocity
b) Value increases linearly with time
c) It denotes constant velocity and varies linearly with time
d) It varies exponentially with time
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Ramp signal denotes constant velocity and also basic definition states that
its value increases linearly with time.
9. A perfect impulse has one value at zero time instant but otherwise zero elsewhere.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. To find system’s response by means of convolution integral ____________ of the
system is used.
a) Sum
b) Difference
c) Exponential
d) Weighing
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Impulse response of a system is the inverse Laplace transfer function of
its Laplace function.
1. Due to which of the following reasons excessive band width in control systems
should be avoided?
a) It leads to slow speed of response
b) It leads to low relative stability
c) Noise is proportional to bandwidth
d) Presence of feedback
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Excessive Bandwidth causes increases in the noise with the same
proportion as the bandwidth and hence noise is not good for any signal therefore the
excessive bandwidth is not desirable.
5. A controller, essentially, is a
a) Sensor
b) Clipper
c) Comparator
d) Amplifier
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A controller is essentially the comparator which compares the given input
with the reference input and generates the error signal.
4. Assertion (A): Electric actuators are used control system for high torque applications.
Reason (R): Due to linear speed-Torque characteristics.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
View Answer
5. Low power DC and AC motors are also known as _________
a) Servomotors
b) Tachogenerators
c) A.C. generators
d) D.C. generators
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Electric actuators are of two kinds’ ac and dc motors and with low power
rating they are called RC(Radio Control) servomotors.
6. The torque developed by the motor when stationary with the full applied
voltage__________
a) Stalled torque
b) Torque
c) Force
d) Couple
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Stalled torque is the torque produced by a mechanical device whose
output rotational speed is zero. It may also mean the torque load that causes the
output rotational speed of a device to become zero when full voltage is applied.
10. Assertion (A): Pneumatic actuators are not as messy as hydraulic ones.
Reason (R): Pneumatic suffer from leakages and inherent inaccuracies.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
View Answer
11. DC motors are constructed using:
a) Permanent Magnet
b) Electromagnet
c) Magnets are not used
d) Permanent Magnet and Electromagnet
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: For construction of a dc motor , it is essential to establish a magnetic field.
The magnetic field is established by using a magnet. You can use different types of
magnets – it may be an electromagnet or it can be a permanent magnet.
3. A stepper motor having a resolution of 300 steps/rev and running at 2400 rpm has a
pulse rate of- pps.
a) 4000
b) 8000
c) 6000
d) 10,000
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Steps per second is mathematically given as SPS = (Rpm/60)*(number of
steps per minute) = (2400/60)*300 = 12000
Pulse per second = steps per second /2 = 12000/2 = 6000.
4. If a hybrid stepper motor has a rotor pitch of 36º and a step angle of 9º, the number
of its phases must be
a) 4
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6
View Answer
5. The rotor of a stepper motor has no
a) Windings
b) Commutator
c) Brushes
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A stepper motor has a cylindrical permanent magnet rotor. Thus it does
not contain windings, commutator or brushes mounted on it.
10. What is the step angle of a permanent-magnet stepper motor having 8 stator poles
and 4 rotor poles?
a) 60º
b) 45º
c) 30º
d) 15º
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Step angle is defined as [(Ns-Nr)/(Ns*Nr)]*360 where Ns is the number of
stator poles and Nr is the number of rotor poles.
Step angle = [(Ns-Nr)/(Ns*Nr)]*360
= [(8-4)/(8*4)]*360
Step angle = 45º
1. Heavy lifting work is often accomplished by shifting fluids in big machines. The
power system of such machines can be described as
a) Reciprocating
b) Pneumatic
c) Hydraulic
d) Hybrid
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The power system of heavy and big machines can be described by
hydraulic systems and heavy lifting work is often accomplished by shifting fluids in big
machines.
3. Pneumatic and other power systems can support three kinds of motion; they are
a) Linear, reciprocating, and random motion
b) Linear, flowing, and rotary motion
c) Linear, zigzag, and spiral motion
d) Linear, reciprocating, and rotary motion
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Pneumatic systems are the systems that control the process where the
motion is in air and can support linear, reciprocating, and rotary motion.
4. A single acting cylinder can be pressurized externally from one direction only.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. A one-way valve that lets air into the reservoir of a compressor, but doesn’t let it out,
is a
a) Check valve
b) Receiver valve
c) Control valve
d) Three way valve
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Check valve is a one-way valve that lets air into the reservoir of a
compressor, but doesn’t let it out as the name indicates it allows air to enter as it has
one entrance.
8. The ____________________ converts the compressed air energy into mechanical energy
in the form of linear movement in one direction only.
a) Piston cylinders
b) Double acting cylinders
c) Single acting cylinders
d) Hydraulic pumps
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation:Single acting cylinders converts the compressed air energy into mechanical
energy in the form of linear movement in one direction only.
10. When the piston area of the cylinder is connected to the atmosphere, the piston of
the single-acting cylinder is pressed by the spring to the ________________
a) Cylinder center
b) Cylinder down
c) Cylinder bottom
d) Cylinder upper
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Piston is the part in the cylinder that is used to create the pressure
difference and in case of single-acting cylinder it is pressed by the spring to the cylinder
cente
1. A feedback control systems has the inherent capability that its parameter can be
adjusted to alter both its transient and steady state responses.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
2. Transient response analysis is done for_________ systems.
a) Unstable
b) Stable
c) Conditionally stable
d) Marginally stable
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In case the system happens to be unstable, we need not proceed with its
transient response analysis.
3. The input signals to control systems are not known fully ahead of time, the
characteristics of control system which suddenly strain a control system are:
a) Sudden shock
b) Sudden change
c) Constant velocity and acceleration
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
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6. It is generally used to analyze the transient response to one of the standard test
signals.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. Step signal is the signal whose values is :
a) 1 for all values greater than zero
b) Indeterminate at zero
c) It is zero for time less than zero
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Step signal is the signal whose value varies from zero to level in zero time.
8. Ramp input :
a) Denotes constant velocity
b) Value increases linearly with time
c) It denotes constant velocity and varies linearly with time
d) It varies exponentially with time
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Ramp signal denotes constant velocity and also basic definition states that
its value increases linearly with time.
9. A perfect impulse has one value at zero time instant but otherwise zero elsewhere.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. To find system’s response by means of convolution integral ____________ of the
system is used.
a) Sum
b) Difference
c) Exponential
d) Weighing
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Impulse response of a system is the inverse Laplace transfer function of
its Laplace function.
2. A unit step is applied at t=0 to a first order system without time delay. The response
has the value of 1.264 units at t=10 mins, and 2 units at steady state. The transfer
function of the system is_____________
a) 3/(1+600s)
b) 2/(1+500s)
c) 5/(1+220s)
d) 2/(1+600s)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: a(t)= k[1-e^-t/T] Where K=2 and a(t) = 1.264
Substitute these values in above equation
0.632= 1-e^-10/T then We get T=600 sec.
Transfer function G(s)=K/(1+Ts), T=600 sec
G(s)=2/(1+600s).
3. The transfer function of the system is G(s) =100/(s+1) (s+100). For a unit step input to
the system the approximate settling time for 2% criterion is:
a) 100 sec
b) 4 sec
c) 1 sec
d) 0.01 sec
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: G(s) =100/(s+1) (s+100)
Taking the dominant pole consideration,
S=-100 pole is not taken.
G(s)= 100/s+1
Now it is first order system, ts=4T=4 sec.
4. If a first order system and its time response to a unit step are as shown below, the
gain K is :
a) 0.25
b) 0.8
c) 1
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Y(s)/R(s)=K/1+sT+K
By, use of partial fraction, K/T/s+(K+1/T)
Taking inverse Laplace transform on both the sides
Y(t)=K/K+1[1-e^(K+1/T)t] K=4
5. The unit impulse response of a system having transfer function K/(s+a) is shown
below. The value of a is :
a) t1
b) t2
c) 1/t1
d) 1/t2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: G(s) = K/s+a
C(s) =K/(s+a) Since R(s) =1
C(t) =Ke^-at
T=1/a
C(t) =0.37K
T= t2=1/a.
6. A system with transfer function 1/Ts+1, subjected to a step input takes to seconds to
reach 50% of step height. The value of t is :
a) 6.9s
b) 10s
c) 14.4s
d) 20s
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The response of a first order system is:
A(t)=a[1-e^-t/T] ½= 1-e^-10/t
T= 14.43 sec.
7.A first order system and its response to a unit step input are shown in figure below.
The system parameters are____________
a) a=5 and k=12
b) a=10 and k=5
c) a=5 and k=10
d) a=8 and k=9
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: time constant=0.2 sec.
1/a=0.2
a=5
final value=lims→0 sC(s) =K/a
K/a=2
K=10.
8. Assertion (A): It is observed that step function is first derivative of a ramp function
and impulse function is first derivative of a step function.
Reason (R): From the derived time response expression it is concluded that the output
time response also follows the same sequence as that of input functions.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) Both A is True but R is false
d) Both A is False but R is true
View Answer
9. Laplace transform of unit impulse signal is :
a) A/s
b) A
c) 1
d) 1/s
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Laplace response of impulse signal is one which implies Laplace response
is systems response.
10. Time response during steady state the output velocity matches with the input
velocity but lags behind the input by T.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In first order systems the time response during steady state the output
velocity matches with input velocity but lags behind the input by T.
1. Which of the following transfer function will have the greatest maximum overshoot?
a) 9/(s2+2s+9)
b) 16/(s2+2s+16)
c) 25/(s2+2s+25)
d) 36/(s2+2s+36)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Comparing the characteristic equation with the standard equation the
value of the damping factor is calculated and the value for the option d is minimum
hence the system will have the maximum overshoot .
2. A system generated by The ramp component in the forced
response will be:
a) t u(t)
b) 2t u(t)
c) 3t u(t)
d) 4t u(t)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation:
Laplace transforming
sY(s) + 2Y(s)=4/s2
Taking the inverse Laplace transform the forced term is 2t u(t).
3. The system in originally critically damped if the gain is doubled the system will be :
a) Remains same
b) Overdamped
c) Under damped
d) Undamped
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation:
From question g1 = 1, k1 = x ,k2 = 2x then we need to find g2 .
By substituting all these values the g2 values would lies between 0 and 1.
4. Let c(t) be the unit step response of a system with transfer function K(s+a)/(s+K). If
c(0+) = 2 and c(∞) = 10, then the values of a and K are respectively.
a) 2 and 10
b) -2 and 10
c) 10 and 2
d) 2 and -10
View Answer
5. The damping ratio and peak overshoot are measures of:
a) Relative stability
b) Speed of response
c) Steady state error
d) Absolute stability
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Speed of response is the speed at which the response takes the final value
and this is determined by damping factor which reduces the oscillations and peak
overshoot as the peak is less then the speed of response will be more.
a) 2,3
b) 2,2
c) 3,3
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Type = 2 which is the number of poles at the origin and order is the
highest power of the characteristic equation.
7. A system has a complex conjugate root pair of multiplicity two or more in its
characteristic equation. The impulse response of the system will be:
a) A sinusoidal oscillation which decays exponentially; the system is therefore stable
b) A sinusoidal oscillation with a time multiplier ; the system is therefore unstable
c) A sinusoidal oscillation which rises exponentially ; the system is therefore unstable
d) A dc term harmonic oscillation the system therefore becomes limiting stable
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Poles are the roots of the denominator of the transfer function and on
imaginary axis makes the system stable but multiple poles makes the system unstable.
8. The forward path transfer function is given by G(s) = 2/s(s+3). Obtain an expression
for unit step response of the system.
a) 1+2e-t+e-2t
b) 1+e-t-2e-2t
c) 1-e-t+2e-2t
d) 1-2e-t+e+2t
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: C(s)/R(s) = s/(s2+3s+2)
C(s) = 1/s-2/s+1+1/s+2
c(t) = 1-2e-t+e+2t.
10. The step response of the system is c(t) = 10+8e -t-4/8e-2t . The gain in time constant
form of transfer function will be:
a) -7
b) 7
c) 7.5
d) -7.5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Differentiating the equation and getting the impulse response and then
taking the inverse Laplace transform and converting the form into time constant form
we get K = -7.5.
1. What will be the nature of time response if the roots of the characteristic equation
are located on the s-plane imaginary axis?
a) Oscillations
b) Damped oscillations
c) No oscillations
d) Under damped oscilaations
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Roots of characteristic equation are located on s-plane imaginary axis
then system is Marginally stable system.
Marginally stable system:
A linear time invariant system is said to be critically or marginally stable
if for a bounded input its output oscillates at constant frequency and
Amplitude.
Such oscillation of output is called undamped or sustained oscillations.
For such a system,one or more pairs of non-repeated roots are located
on the imaginary axis.
Complex conjugate (non-multiple): oscillatory (sustained oscillations)
Complex conjugate (multiple): unstable (growing oscillations).
2. Consider a system with transfer function G(s) = s+6/Ks 2+s+6. Its damping ratio will be
0.5 when the values of k is:
a) 2/6
b) 3
c) 1/6
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: s+6/K[s2+s/K+6/K] Comparing with s2+2Gw+w2
w= √6/K
2Gw=1/K
2*0.5*√6/K =1/K
K=1/6.
3. The output in response to a unit step input for a particular continuous control
system is c(t)= 1-e-t. What is the delay time Td?
a) 0.36
b) 0.18
c) 0.693
d) 0.289
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output is given as a function of time. The final value of the output is
limn->∞c(t)=1; . Hence Td (at 50% of the final value) is the solution of 0.5=1-e -Td, and is
equal to ln 2 or 0.693 sec.
4. Which one of the following is the most likely reason for large overshoot in a control
system?
a) High gain in a system
b) Presence of dead time delay in a system
c) High positive correcting torque
d) High retarding torque
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Large overshoot refers to the maximum peak in the response of the
closed loop system and this is mainly due to the high positive correcting torque.
5. For the system 2/s+1, the approximate time taken for a step response to reach 98%
of its final value is:
a) 1s
b) 2s
c) 4s
d) 8s
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: C(s)/R(s) = 2/s+1
R(s) = 1/s (step input)
C(s) = 2/s(s+1)
c(t) = 2[1-e-t] 1.96 = 2[1-e-T] T= 4sec.
6. The unit step response of a second order system is = 1-e -5t-5te-5t . Consider the
following statements:
1. The under damped natural frequency is 5 rad/s.
2. The damping ratio is 1.
3. The impulse response is 25te-5t.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) Only 1 and 2
b) Only 2 and 3
c) Only 1 and 3
d) 1,2 and 3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: C(s) = 1/s-1/s+5-5/(s+5)^2
C(s) = 25/s(s2+10s+25)
R(s) = 1/s
G(s) = 25/(s2+10s+25 )
w= √25
w = 5 rad/sec
G = 1.
9. Consider a second order all-pole transfer function model, if the desired settling
time(5%) is 0.60 sec and the desired damping ratio 0.707, where should the poles be
located in s-plane?
a) -5+j4√2
b) -5+j5
c) -4+j5√2
d) -4+j7
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: G = 1/√2
Gw = 5
s = -5+j5.
10. Which of the following quantities give a measure of the transient characteristics of a
control system, when subjected to unit step excitation.
1. Maximum overshoot
2. Maximum undershoot
3. Overall gain
4. Delay time
5. Rise time
6. Fall time
a) 1,3 and 5
b) 2, 4 and 5
c) 2,4 and 6
d) 1,4 and 5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Maximum overshoot, rise time and delay time are the major factor of the
transient behaviour of the system and determines the transient characteristics.
1. The standard second order system to a unit step input shows the 0.36 as the first
peak undershoot, hence its second overshoot is:
a) 0.135
b) 0.216
c) 0.1296
d) 0.116
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Overshoot and undershoot are calculated from the formula of peak time
as odd peaks denote the overshoot and even denotes the under shoot.
2. Consider the input with the inputs 4 u(t) and the impulse response 5 +7 , the time
constants of the output are,
a) 0.2, 0.33 and 0.5
b) 4.5 and 7
c) 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7
d) 0.2, 0.1 and 0.25
View Answer
3. In a second order feedback control system natural frequency and damping
a) Can be designed by changing the gain of the individual system
b) Cannot be designed by changing the gain of the individual system
c) Are independent on the type of input excitation
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Natural frequency and damping of second order feedback control systems
can be designed by changing the gain of the individual system.
4. Undamped natural frequency of a second order system has the following influence
on the response due to various excitations:
a) Increase in speed of response and decrease sensitivity
b) Decrease in speed of response and increase sensitivity
c) Has no influence in the dynamic response
d) Increase oscillatory behavior
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Undamped natural frequency is the frequency that has suffered damping
and gets affected by the increase in the speed of response and decrease in sensitivity.
6. The transfer function of a system is G(s) = 100/(s+1) (s+100). For a unit step input to
the system the approximate settling time for 2% criterion is:
a) 100 sec
b) 4 sec
c) 1 sec
d) 0.01 sec
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Comparing the equation with the characteristic equation and then finding
the value of G and w and calculating the value of settling time as 4 sec from 4/Gw.
9. Rise time, Peak time, maximum peak overshoot, settling time, and steady state error
are mutually dependent.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. Control system are normally designed to be:
a) Overdamped
b) Under damped
c) Un damped
d) Critically damped
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Practically there are some non-linearity present in the system as friction
but in mathematical models these are considered by considering high gain and lower
damping. Due to this reason generally control system, are normally designed to be
under damped.
1. What will be the nature of time response if the roots of the characteristic equation
are located on the s-plane imaginary axis?
a) Oscillations
b) Damped oscillations
c) No oscillations
d) Under damped oscilaations
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Roots of characteristic equation are located on s-plane imaginary axis
then system is Marginally stable system.
Marginally stable system:
A linear time invariant system is said to be critically or marginally stable
if for a bounded input its output oscillates at constant frequency and
Amplitude.
Such oscillation of output is called undamped or sustained oscillations.
For such a system,one or more pairs of non-repeated roots are located
on the imaginary axis.
Complex conjugate (non-multiple): oscillatory (sustained oscillations)
Complex conjugate (multiple): unstable (growing oscillations).
2. Consider a system with transfer function G(s) = s+6/Ks 2+s+6. Its damping ratio will be
0.5 when the values of k is:
a) 2/6
b) 3
c) 1/6
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: s+6/K[s2+s/K+6/K] Comparing with s2+2Gw+w2
w= √6/K
2Gw=1/K
2*0.5*√6/K =1/K
K=1/6.
3. The output in response to a unit step input for a particular continuous control
system is c(t)= 1-e-t. What is the delay time Td?
a) 0.36
b) 0.18
c) 0.693
d) 0.289
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output is given as a function of time. The final value of the output is
limn->∞c(t)=1; . Hence Td (at 50% of the final value) is the solution of 0.5=1-e -Td, and is
equal to ln 2 or 0.693 sec.
4. Which one of the following is the most likely reason for large overshoot in a control
system?
a) High gain in a system
b) Presence of dead time delay in a system
c) High positive correcting torque
d) High retarding torque
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Large overshoot refers to the maximum peak in the response of the
closed loop system and this is mainly due to the high positive correcting torque.
5. For the system 2/s+1, the approximate time taken for a step response to reach 98%
of its final value is:
a) 1s
b) 2s
c) 4s
d) 8s
View Answer
Check this: Electrical Engineering MCQs | Electrical Engineering Books
6. The unit step response of a second order system is = 1-e -5t-5te-5t . Consider the
following statements:
1. The under damped natural frequency is 5 rad/s.
2. The damping ratio is 1.
3. The impulse response is 25te-5t.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) Only 1 and 2
b) Only 2 and 3
c) Only 1 and 3
d) 1,2 and 3
View Answer
7. The loop transfer function of controller Gc(s) is :
a) 1+0.1s/s
b) -1+0.1s/s
c) –s/s+1
d) s/s+1
View Answer
8. The peak percentage overshoot of the closed loop system is :
a) 5.0%
b) 10.0%
c) 16.3%
d) 1.63%
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: C(s)/R(s) = 1/s2+s+1
C(s)/R(s) = w/ws2+2Gws+w2
Compare both the equations,
w = 1 rad/sec
2Gw = 1
Mp = 16.3 %
9. Consider a second order all-pole transfer function model, if the desired settling
time(5%) is 0.60 sec and the desired damping ratio 0.707, where should the poles be
located in s-plane?
a) -5+j4√2
b) -5+j5
c) -4+j5√2
d) -4+j7
View Answer
10. Which of the following quantities give a measure of the transient characteristics of a
control system, when subjected to unit step excitation.
1. Maximum overshoot
2. Maximum undershoot
3. Overall gain
4. Delay time
5. Rise time
6. Fall time
a) 1,3 and 5
b) 2, 4 and 5
c) 2,4 and 6
d) 1,4 and 5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Maximum overshoot, rise time and delay time are the major factor of the
transient behaviour of the system and determines the transient characteristics.
1. The steady state error for a unity feedback system for the input r(t) = Rt^2/2 to the
system G(s) = K(s+2)/s(s3+7s2+12s) is
a) 0
b) 6R/K
c) ∞
d) 3R/K
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Ka = 2K/12 = K/6
Ess = 6R/K.
If Ka is static error constant of the system, then its dynamic error constant K2 is
a) 0.01
b) 0.02
c) 0.03
d) 0.04
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Ka = 100/(s+2)
K2 = 1/50 = 0.02.
a) 0
b) 2
c) 4
d) ∞
View Answer
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4. Consider the unity feedback system with open loop transfer function the minimum
value of the steady state error to a ramp input r(t) = 6tu(t) is OLTF = K/s(s+1)(s+2)
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
5. A ramp input applied to a unity feedback system results in 5% steady state error. The
type number and zero frequency gain of the system are respectively
a) 1 and 20
b) 0 and 20
c) 0 and 1/20
d) 1 and 1/20
View Answer
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6. A particular control system yielded a steady state error of 0.20 for unit step input. A
unit integrator is cascaded to this system and unit ramp input is applied to this
modified system. What is the value of steady-state error for this modified system?
a) 0.10
b) 0.15
c) 0.20
d) 0.25
View Answer
7. The error constants described are the ability to reduce the steady state errors.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. Systems of type higher than 2 are not employed in practice.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
9. Steady state refers to
a) Error at the steady state
b) Error at the transient state
c) Error at both state
d) Precision
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Steady state errors are the change in the output at the steady state with
respect to the change in the input.
1. Assertion (A): The zeroes on the real axis near the origin are generally avoided in
design.
Reason (R): In a sluggish system introduction of zeroes can improve the transient
response
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
View Answer
2. Addition of zero increases the stability.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
3. Zeroes are defined as:
a) Roots of the denominator of the closed loop transfer function
b) Roots of the numerator of the closed loop transfer function
c) Parts of the numerator
d) Parts of the denominator
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Zeroes are the roots of the numerator of the closed loop system and
addition of the zeroes increases the stability of the closed loop system.
4. As zero moves sufficiently left from the origin the effect of zero becomes less
pronounced.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. If number of poles are greater than number of zeroes then the system is known as
______________
a) Stable system
b) Unstable system
c) Minimum phase system
d) Non-minimum phase system
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Minimum phase system is defined as the perfect system with zeroes
greater than poles and also the zeroes and poles lying on the left half of the s plane
entirely.
10. If rise time is also taken into consideration it should be ____________ to the settling
time.
a) Inconsistent
b) Consistent
c) Perfect
d) Unique
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Rise time and settling time determine the speed of response as if the
values of both these if less then the speed of response will be more and both of these
depend on the damping factor and natural frequency
4. In pneumatic control systems the control valve used as final control element
converts
a) Pressure signal to electric signal
b) Pressure signal to position change
c) Electric signal to pressure signal
d) Position change to pressure signal
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In pneumatic control systems the control valve is used as the final control
element to convert pressure signal to position change.
10. Assertion (A): Lead compensation is used to improve the system’s stability
Reason (R): Lead compensation achieves the desired result through the merits of its
phase lead contribution.
a) Both assertion and reason are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is False but R is true
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A lead compensator provides a better gain margin by introducing a
positive shift in the phase plot and thus increasing the phase crossover frequency.
Thus the system becomes comparatively more stable by using a lead compensator.
2. How does cascading an integral controller in the forward path of a control system
affect the relative stability (RS) and the steady-state error of that system?
a) RS and SSE are increased
b) RS is reduced nut SSE is increased
c) RS is increased but SSE is reduced
d) RS and SSE are reduced
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Integral controller acts as a low pass filter. So cascading an integral
controller in the forward path of a control system reduces relative stability(RS) and
steady-state error(SSE) of that system.
3. With regard to the filtering property, the lead compensator and the lag compensator
are respectively :
a) Low pass and high pass filters
b) High pass and low pass filters
c) Both high pass filter
d) Both low pass filters
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Lead compensator is a high pass filter and Lag compensator is a low pass
filter.
7. A process is controlled by PID controller. The sensor has high, measurement noise.
How can the effect be reduced?
a) By use of bandwidth limited derivative term
b) By use of proportional and derivative terms in the forward path
c) By use of high proportional band
d) By use of low integral gain
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The effect of noise can be reduced by the use of proportional and
derivative controller in the forward path.
1. If the performance index of a phase lead compensator is (s+a)/ (s+b) and that of a lag
compensator is (s+p)/(s+q), then which one of the following sets of conditions must be
satisfied?
a) a>b and p<q
b) a>b and p<q
c) a<b and p<q
d) a<b and p>q
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In phase lead compensator, zero is nearer to origin. In phase lag
compensator, pole is nearer to origin.
2. The compensator Gc(s) =5(1+0.3s)/(1+0.1s) would provide a maximum phase shift of:
a) 20°
b) 45°
c) 30°
d) 60°
View Answer
3. The industrial controller having the best steady-state accuracy is:
a) A derivative controller
b) An integral controller
c) A rate feedback controller
d) A proportional controller
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The best steady state accuracy is of derivative controller and this is due to
the fact that derivative controller is only affected by the steady state response not the
transient response.
8. Hydraulic controller :
a) Flexible operation
b) High torque high speed operation
c) Fire and explosion proof operation
d) No leakage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Hydraulic controller must have no leakage and also it requires high torque
and high speed operation due to high density of the controller.
9. Electronic Controller :
a) Flexible operation
b) High torque high speed operation
c) Fire and explosion proof operation
d) No leakage
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Flexible in all sense as it does not require heavy components or extra
torque or high speed operations.
7. ____________ is the back and forth motion of pistons inside of cylinders that provide
the flow of fluid.
a) Fluid pump
b) Gravity pump
c) Reciprocating pump
d) Displacement pump
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Reciprocating Pump is a type of positive pumps which includes the piston
pump, plunger pump and diaphragm pump and provides the flow of fluid in the
cylinder by back and forth motion of the piston.
8. Assertion (A): It is all but impossible to design a practical fluid power system without
some means of controlling the volume and pressure of the fluid.
Reason (R): It is controlled and done by valves.
a) Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
View Answer
9. Deciding the method of control by:
a) The purpose of valve
b) Type of fluid
c) Design and purpose of the system
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Valves may be controlled manually, electrically, mechanically,
pneumatically, hydraulically or by combination of these methods and they are used to
control the flow of liquid by constructing the flow. Purpose of valve ,type of fluid ,
design and purpose of system decides the method of control.
7. Assertion (A): The control system of an industrial robot determine its flexibility and
efficiency, within the limits set beforehand by the design of the mechanical structure.
Reason (R): The control system provides a logical sequence for the robot to follow.
a) Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
View Answer
8. Hierarchical level control involves :
a) Level 1: Actuator control controls individual robot actuators
b) Level 2: Path control coordinates robot path movement
c) Level 3: Main control high level instruction interpreter
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
9. Non servo robots are also called as:
a) Pick and place
b) Fixed stop robot
c) Both of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Non servo robots are simplest robots as they are the least complex
structures and they are made to do some specific and less jobs and it is an open loop
system. Due to this reason, non servo robots are called pick and place & fixed stop
robots.
6. Which among the following constitute the state model of a system in addition to
state equations?
a) Input equations
b) Output equations
c) State trajectory
d) State vector
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Output Equations constitute the state model of a system in addition to
state equations and for the complete state model mainly input model, output model
and state models are required.
7. Which among the following plays a crucial role in determining the state of dynamic
system?
a) State variables
b) State vector
c) State space
d) State scalar
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: State Variables are the integral part of the state variable analysis and plays
a crucial role in determining the state of dynamic system.
8. Which among the following are the interconnected units of state diagram
representation?
a) Scalars
b) Adders
c) Integrator
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Scalars, adders and integrator are the interconnected units of state
diagram representation and this representation helps in determination of the state of
the control system.
9. State space analysis is applicable even if the initial conditions are _____
a) Zero
b) Non-zero
c) Equal
d) Not equal
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: State space analysis is the analysis different from the transfer function
approach as it has state variables and state vectors used for the analysis and can be
used even if initial conditions are non-zero.
1. State variable analysis has several advantages overall transfer function as:
a) It is applicable for linear and non-linear and variant and time-invariant system
b) Analysis of MIMO system
c) It takes initial conditions of the system into account
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
2. The minimum number of states require to describe the two degree differential
equation:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
3. For a system with the transfer function H(s) = 3(s-2)/s 3+4s2-2s+1 , the matrix A in the
state space form is equal to:
a)
10−101200−4
b)
0311−2−2014
c)
00−110201−4
d)
10−101−200−4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Taking the inverse Laplace of the equation and converting it into
differential equation and solving the state space by considering various matrices.
4. The transfer function Y(s)/U(s) of a system described by the state equations dx/dt=-
2x+2u and y(t) = 0.5x is:
a) 0.5/(s-2)
b) 1/(s-2)
c) 0.5/(s+2)
d) 1/(s+2)
View Answer
5. A linear time invariant single input single output system has the state space model
9. The state equation in the phase canonical form can be obtained from the transfer
function by:
a) Cascaded decomposition
b) Direct decomposition
c) Inverse decomposition
d) Parallel decomposition
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The state equation from transfer function by parallel decomposition in the
phase canonical form.
6. On which of the following factors does the sensitivity of a closed loop system to gain
changes and load disturbances depend?
a) Frequency
b) Loop gain
c) Forward gain
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The sensitivity depends upon the frequency, loop gain and forward gain of
the closed loop control system.
9. Which of the following statements is correct for any closed loop system?
a) All the co-efficient can have zero value
b) All the co-efficient are always non-zero
c) Only one of the static error co-efficient has a finite non-zero value
d) Only two of the static error co-efficient has a finite non-zero value
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Closed loop system has one of the static error constants for any input that
can be position, velocity or acceleration error constant which has finite non-zero
values.
10. Which of the following statements is correct for a system with gain margin close to
unity or a phase margin close to zero?
a) The system is relatively stable
b) The system is highly stable
c) The system is highly oscillatory
d) The system is stable
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The system is highly oscillatory or unstable as the value of phase margin
must be finite for the stable system.
9. The roots of the transfer function do not have any effect on the stability of the
system.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. Roots with higher multiplicity on the imaginary axis makes the system :
a) Absolutely stable
b) Unstable
c) Linear
d) Stable
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Repetitive roots on the imaginary axis makes the system unstable.
12. If the roots of the have negative real parts then the response is ____________
a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Marginally stable
d) Bounded
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: If the roots of the have negative real parts then the response is bounded
and eventually decreases to zero which makes the system bounded.
13. If root of the characteristic equation has positive real part the system is :
a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Marginally stable
d) Linear
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The impulse response of the system is infinite when the roots of the
characteristic equation have positive real part then the system is unstable.
15. ___________ is a quantitative measure of how fast the transients die out in the
system.
a) Absolutely stable
b) Conditionally stable
c) Unstable
d) Relative Stability
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Relative Stability may be measured by relative settling times of each root
or pair of roots.
1. The techniques of linear system can be used in the non-linear system entirely:
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The techniques of the linear system cannot be entirely used in the non-
linear system as they are differentiated by this way only.
6. The amplitude of the standard test signal does not matter in linear systems:
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The amplitude of the standard test signal is unimportant since any change
in input signal amplitude results simply change in response scale with no change in the
basic response characteristics for linear systems.
12. None of the coefficients can be zero or negative unless one of the following occurs:
a) One or more roots have positive real parts
b) A root at origin
c) Presence of root at the imaginary axis
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: None of the coefficients can be zero or negative unless one or more roots
have positive real parts, root at origin and presence of root at the imaginary axis.
15. Assertion (A): Routh criterion is in terms of array formulation, which is more
convenient to handle.
Reason (R): This method is used to investigate the method of stability of higher order
systems.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is False but R is true
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Routh criterion is in terms of array formulation which is convenient to
handle stability problems of higher order systems.
2. Routh Hurwitz criterion cannot be applied when the characteristic equation of the
system containing coefficient’s which is/are
a) Exponential function of s
b) Sinusoidal function of s
c) Complex
d) Exponential and sinusoidal function of s and complex
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Routh Hurwitz criterion cannot be applied when the characteristic
equation of the system containing coefficient/s which is/are exponential, sinusoidal and
complex function of s.
5. Which of the test signals are best utilized by the stability analysis.
a) Impulse
b) Step
c) Ramp
d) Parabolic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Impulse test signals are best utilised by the stability analysis because
the computational task is reduced to much extent.
9. The necessary condition for the stability of the linear system is that all the
coefficients of characteristic equation 1+G(s)H(s) =0, be real and have the :
a) Positive sign
b) Negative sign
c) Same sign
d) Both positive and negative
View Answer
10. For making an unstable system stable:
a) Gain of the system should be increased
b) Gain of the system should be decreased
c) The number of zeroes to the loop transfer function should be increased
d) The number of poles to the loop transfer function should be increased
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For making an unstable system stable gain of the system should be
decreased.
1. A system with unity feedback having open loop transfer function as G(s) =
K(s+1)/s3+as2+2s+1. What values of ‘K’ and ’a’ should be chosen so that the system
oscillates ?
a) K =2, a =1
b) K =2, a =0.75
c) K =4, a =1
d) K =4, a =0.75
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Solving Routh Hurwitz table whenever row of zero occurs, the roots are
located symmetrically on the imaginary axis then the system response oscillates, a
=1+K/2+K. If K =2 is consider then a =0.75.
2. The open loop transfer functions with unity feedback are given below for different
systems.
Among these systems the unstable system is
a) G(s) =2/s+2
b) G(s) =2/s(s+2)
c) G(s) =2/(s+2)s^2
d) G(s) =2(s+1)/s(s+2)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: 1+2/s^2(s+2) =0. The coefficient of‘s’ is missing. Hence the system is
unstable.
3. Determine the stability of closed loop control system whose characteristic equation
is
s5+s4+2s3+2s2+11s+10=0.
a) Stable
b) Marginally stable
c) Unstable
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Routh array s =0 and s =+j. It is having a pair of conjugate root lying on
imaginary axis. System is marginally stable.
4. Determine the condition for the stability of unity feedback control system whose
open loop transfer function is given by
G(s) = 2e-st/s(s+2)
a) T >1
b) T <0
c) T <1
d) T >0
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: G(s) =2(1-sT)/s(s+2)
By Routh array analysis, for stable system, all the elements of first column need to be
positive T<1.
5.Determine the value of K such that roots of characteristic equation given below lies to
the left of the line s = -1. s3+10s2+18s+K.
a) K>16 and K<9
b) K<16
c) 9<K<16
d) K<9
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In Routh array analysis the first column must be positive and after solving
K<16 and K>9.
6. Consider a negative feedback system where G(s) =1/(s+1) and H(s) =K/s(s+2). The
closed loop system is stable for
a) K>6
b) 0<K<2
c) 8<K<14
d) 0<K<6
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Using Routh array, for stability k < 6 and k > 0.
10. The characteristic equation of a system is given by3s 4+10s3+5s2+2=0. This system is:
a) Stable
b) Marginally stable
c) Unstable
d) Linear
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There is missing coefficient so system is unstable.
2. Root locus of s(s+2)+K(s+4) =0 is a circle. What are the coordinates of the center of
this circle?
a) -2,0
b) -3,0
c) -4,0
d) -5,0
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: s(s+2)+K(s+4) =0
1+K(s+4)/s(s+2) =0.
G(s)H(s) =K(s+b)/s(s+a)
Centre =(-b,0) =(-4,0).
5. The addition of open loop poles pulls the root locus towards:
a) The right and system becomes unstable
b) Imaginary axis and system becomes marginally stable
c) The left and system becomes unstable
d) The right and system becomes unstable
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The addition of open loop poles pulls the root locus towards the right and
system becomes unstable.
1. Consider the loop transfer function K(s+6)/(s+3)(s+5) In the root locus diagram the
centroid will be located at:
a) -4
b) -1
c) -2
d) -3
View Answer
2. Which one of the following applications software’s is used to obtain an accurate root
locus for?
a) LISP
b) MATLAB
c) dBase
d) Oracle
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: MATLAB stands for mathematics laboratory in which the input is in the
form of the matrix and is the best software for drawing root locus.
4. The breakaway point calculated mathematically must always lie on the root locus.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. What is the number of the root locus segments which do not terminate on zeroes?
a) The number of poles
b) The number of zeroes
c) The difference between the number of poles and zeroes
d) The sum of the number of poles and the number of the zeroes
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The number of the root locus segments which do not lie on the root locus
is the difference between the number of the poles and zeroes.
7. If the gain of the system is reduced to a zero value, the roots of the system in the s-
plane,
a) Coincide with zero
b) Move away from zero
c) Move away from poles
d) Coincide with the poles
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The roots of the system in s plane coincides with the poles if the gain of
the system is reduced to a value zero.
8. The addition of open loop zero pulls the root loci towards:
a) The left and therefore system becomes more stable
b) The right and therefore system becomes unstable
c) Imaginary axis and therefore system becomes marginally stable
d) The left and therefore system becomes unstable
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The system can become stable by reducing the damping and also by
adding zeroes in the s plane and moving left of the s plane system becomes more
stable.
9. If root loci plots of a particular control system do not intersect the imaginary axis at
any point, then the gain margin of the system will be:
a) 0
b) 0.707
c) 1
d) Infinite
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The gain margin is the inverse of the intersection of the root loci plot to
the imaginary axis and if it does not intersect then the gain margin will be infinite.
10. When the number of poles is equal to the number of zeroes, how many branches of
root locus tends towards infinity?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 0
d) Equal to number of zeroes
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Branches of the root locus is equal to the number of poles or zeroes
which ever is greater and tends toward infinity when poles or zeroes are unequal.
1. With reference to root locus, the complex conjugate roots of the characteristic
equation of the O.L.T.F. given below G(s)H(s) =K(s+3)/(s+1) 2, lie on
a) Straight line
b) Parabola
c) Circle
d) Semi-circle
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Complex conjugate roots of the characteristic equation of the O.L.T.F.lie
on circle.
2. Determine the centroid of the root locus for the system having G(s)H(s) = K/(s+1)
(s2+4s+5)
a) -2.1
b) -1.78
c) -1.66
d) -1.06
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Roots of the open loop transfer function are -1,-2+j, -2-j then centroid
=Σreal part of open loop pole-Σreal part of open loop zeroes/P-Z
Centroid =(-1-2-2)-0/3 =-5/3 =-1.66.
4. The angles of asymptotes of the root loci of the equation s 3+5s2+(K+2)s+K=0 are:
a) 0° and 270°
b) 0° and 180°
c) 90° and 270°
d) 90° and 180°
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: P-Z =2
Angle of asymptote = (2q+1)180°/P-Z
Angle are 90° and 270°.
5. The intersection of asymptotes of root loci of a system with open loop transfer
function G(s)H(s) = K/s(s+1)(s+3) is
a) 1.44
b) 1.33
c) -1.44
d) -1.33
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The intersection of asymptotes of root loci of a system is same as the
centroid which is centroid =Σreal part of open loop pole-Σreal part of open loop
zeroes/P-Z.
Centroid = -4/3=-1.33.
6. If a feedback control system has its open loop transfer function G(s)H(s) = K/(s-2)
(s2+3s+5) has the root locus plot which intersects the imaginary axis at s =0, then the
value of K at this point will be
a) -5
b) 10
c) 5
d) -10
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The intersection point on the imaginary axis at s =0 is obtained by Routh
Hurwitz criteria making s^0 row zero and getting the value K = 10.
7. The open loop transfer function of the feedback control system is given by G(s)
=K(s+3)/s(s+4)2(s+5)(s+6). The number of asymptotes and the centroid of asymptotes of
the root loci of closed loop system is
a) 4 and (-4,0)
b) 3 and (-12,0)
c) -4 and (-4,0)
d) -3 and (-12,0)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Number of Poles = 5
Zeroes =1
Asymptotes =P-Z =4
Centroid =Σreal part of open loop pole-Σreal part of open loop zeroes/P-Z
Centroid = -4-4-5-6+3/4 =-4.
10. The characteristic equation is s3+14s2+(45+K)s+K =0, centroid is located at (-x,0) then
the value of x is ____________
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Differentiating the equation of K with respect to s and equating it to
zero.Breakaway points are -2, -2+1.414j,-2-j1.414. so 2 is complex breakaway point.
1. The impulse response of a LTI system is a unit step function, then the corresponding
transfer function is
a) 1/s
b) 1/s2
c) 1
d) s
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The impulse response of a LTI system is the transfer function itself and
hence for the unit step function . As input then the transfer function will be 1/s.
2. For a type one system, the steady – state error due to step input is equal to
a) Infinite
b) Zero
c) 0.25
d) 0.5
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The steady state error is defined as the error between the final value and
the desired response and the difference in the value of both will be the steady state
error due to step input for type one system is zero.
4. If the Nyquist plot of the loop transfer function G (s)H (s) of a closed-loop system
encloses the (1, j0) point in the G (s)H (s) plane, the gain margin of the system is
a) Zero
b) Greater than zero
c) Less than zero
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Nyquist plot deals with the open loop poles and zero and equals the
encirclements to the open loop poles of the system.
5. Consider the function F (s) =5/s (s2+s+2) , where F (s) is the Laplace transform f (t).
Then the final value theorem is equal to
a) 5
b) 5/2
c) Zero
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Final value theorem is given for the stable system only and this is a type 1
system and for step input the final value can be calculated as 5/2.
8. Given a unity feedback control system with G (s) = K/s(s+4), the value of K for which
the damping ratio is 0.5.
a) 1
b) 16
c) 64
d) 32
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The value is found by using the Routh- Hurwitz criteria and equating one
of the row of the Routh-Hurwitz criteria equal to zero and hence finding the value of K.
10. A system with gain margin close to unity and phase margin close to zero is :
a) Highly stable
b) Oscillatory
c) Relatively stable
d) Unstable
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A system is relative stable not stable if the phase margin is close to zero
then the stability is checked by gain margin.
1. A minimum phase unity feedback system has a bode plot with a constant slope of -
20dB/decade for all frequencies. What is the value of the maximum phase margins of
the system?
a) 0°
b) 90°
c) -90°
d) 180°
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For given Bode plot, G(s) H(s) =K/jw
As H(s) =1
PM (maximum) =90°.
2. The range of K for the stability of system is 0<K<100. For K =10, The gain Margin of
the system
a) 10
b) 5
c) 0.1
d) 0.5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gain margin of the system is 10.
3. The frequency at which the Nyquist diagram cuts the unit circle is known as:
a) Gain crossover frequency
b) Phase crossover frequency
c) Damping frequency
d) Corner frequency
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The frequency at which the Nyquist diagram cuts the unit circle is known
as gain cross over frequency.
4. The forward path transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by G(s) =
1/(1+s)^2.
What is the phase margin of the system?
a) –π rad
b) 0 rad
c) π/2 rad
d) π rad
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Magnitude at gain cross over frequency is 1 and PM is π rad.
10. Minimum phase systems have unique relationship between its phase and
magnitude curves
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Minimum phase system has the least phase angle range for a given
magnitude curve. Control Systems Questions and Answers – Bode
Plots
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This set of Control Systems Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Bode Plots”.
1. Assertion (A): Relative stability of the system reduces due to the presence of
transportation lag.
Reason (R): Transportation lag can be conveniently handled by Bode plot.
a) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Transportation lag can be conveniently handled on Bode plot as well
without the need to make any approximation.
2. Assertion (A): The phase angle plot in Bode diagram is not affected by the variation in
the gain of the system.
Reason(R): The variation in the gain of the system has no effect on the phase margin of
the system.
a) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
View Answer
3. A system has poles at 0.01 Hz, 1 Hz and 80Hz, zeroes at 5Hz, 100Hz and 200Hz. The
approximate phase of the system response at 20 Hz is :
a) -90°
b) 0°
c) 90°
d) -180°
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Pole at 0.01 Hz gives -180° phase. Zero at 5Hz gives 90° phase therefore at
20Hz -90° phase shift is provided.
4. The constant M-circle represented by the equation x ^2+2.25x+y^2=-1.25 has the value
of M equal to:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Comparing with the M circle equation we have the value of M =3.
5. What is the value of M for the constant M circle represented by the equation
8x2+18x+8y2+9=0?
a) 0.5
b) 2
c) 3
d) 8
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Comparing with the M circle equation we have the value of M =3.
6. The constant N loci represented by the equation x ^2+x+y^2=0 is for the value of phase
angle equal to:
a) -45°
b) 0°
c) 45°
d) 90°
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Centre = (-0.5, 0)
Centre of N circle is (-1/2, 1/2N)
N =tanα
α =90°.
7. All the constant N-circles in G planes cross the real axis at the fixed points. Which are
these points?
a) -1 and origin
b) Origin and +1
c) -0.5 and 0.5
d) -1 and +1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Centre of N circle is (-1/2, 1/2N)
N =tanα
Constant –N circles always pass through (-1, 0) and (0, 0).
9. Which one of the following statements is correct? Nichol’s chart is useful for the
detailed study analysis of:
a) Closed loop frequency response
b) Open loop frequency response
c) Close loop and open loop frequency responses
d) None of the above
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed study analysis of closed loop
frequency response.
10. In a bode magnitude plot, which one of the following slopes would be exhibited at
high frequencies by a 4th order all-pole system?
a) -80dB/decade
b) -40 dB/decade
c) 40 dB/decade
d) 80 dB/decade
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A 4th order all pole system means that the system must be having no zero
or s-term in numerator and s4 terms in denominator. One pole exhibits -20dB/decade
slope, so 4 pole exhibits a slope of -80 dB /decade.
13. The critical value of gain for a system is 40 and gain margin is 6dB. The system is
operating at a gain of:
a) 20
b) 40
c) 80
d) 120
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gm (dB) = 20logGM
GM =2
As we know, GM =K (marginal)/K (desired)
K desired =40/2 =20.
14. Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed study and analysis of:
a) Closed loop frequency response
b) Open loop frequency response
c) Close loop and open loop frequency responses
d) open loop and Close loop frequency responses
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Nichol’s chart is useful for the detailed study and analysis of closed loop
frequency response.
15. The roots of the characteristic equation of the second order system in which real
and imaginary part represents the :
a) Damped frequency and damping
b) Damping and damped frequency
c) Natural frequency and damping ratio
d) Damping ratio and natural frequency
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Real part represents the damping and imaginary part damped frequency.
2. The polar plot of a transfer function passes through the critical point (-1,0). Gain
margin is
a) Zero
b) -1dB
c) 1dB
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gain margin of a polar plot passing through the critical point is zero.
6. The unit circle of the Nyquist plot transforms into 0dB line of the amplitude plot of
the Bode diagram at
a) 0 frequency
b) Low frequency
c) High frequency
d) Any frequency
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The unit circle of the Nyquist plot transforms into 0dB line of the
amplitude plot of the Bode diagram at any frequency.
9. The polar plot of the open loop transfer function of a feedback control system
intersects the real axis at -2. The gain margin of the system is
a) -5dB
b) 0dB
c) -6dB
d) 40dB
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Gain margin of the system is inverse of the intersect on the real axis and
calculated in decibels.
G(s) = 1+s / s(1+0.5s).
12. The gain margin (in dB) of a system having the loop transfer function
G(s) H(s) = 2 / s(s+1) is
a) 0
b) 3
c) 6
d) 8
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Gain margin of a system is calculated at the phase cross over frequency
and expressed in decibels.
13. The gain margin for the system with open loop transfer function
G(s) H(s) = G(s) =2(1+s) / s2 is
a) 8
b) 0
c) 1
d) -8
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Gain margin of a system is calculated at the phase cross over frequency
and expressed in decibels.
1. The forward path transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by G(s) =
100/(s2+10s+100). The frequency response of this system will exhibit the resonance
peak at:
a) 10 rad/sec
b) 0.866 rad/sec
c) 0.707 rad/sec
d) 5rad/sec
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: G(s) = 100/(s2+10s+100)
wn = 10rad/sec
G = 10/2wn =0.5
wr = 0.707 rad/s.
2. Assertion (A): All the systems which exhibit overshoot in transient response will also
exhibit resonance peak in frequency response.
Reason (R): Large resonance peak in frequency response corresponds to a large
overshoot in transient response.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For G<1/√2 frequency parameters ex Mr resonant peak and time response
parameters eg. Mp peak overshoot are well correlated. For G>1/√2 the resonant peak
Mr does not exist and the correlation breaks down. This is not a serious problem as for
this range of G, the step response oscillations are well-damped and Mp is hardly
perceptible.
3. The transfer function of a system is given by Y(s)/X(s) = e −0.1s/1+s. If x(t) is 0.5sint, then
the phase angle between the output and the input will be:
a) -39.27°
b) -45°
c) -50.73°
d) -90°
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Phase angle = -tan−1-0.1*180°/π
w =1 rad/sec
Phase angle =-50.73°.
4. The critical value of gain for the system is 40. The system is operating at a gain of 20.
The gain margin of the system is :
a) 2 dB
b) 3 dB
c) 6 dB
d) 4 dB
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: G.M. =Kmarginal/Kdesire
Kmarginal =40
Kdesire = 20
G.M. =2
G.M. (dB) = 6dB.
7. Which one of the following statements is correct for gain margin and phase margin
of two closed-loop systems having loop functions G(s) H(s) and exp(-s) G(s) H(s)?
a) Both gain and phase margins of the two systems will be identical
b) Both gain and phase margins of G(s) H(s) will be more
c) Gain margins of the two systems are the same but phase margins of G(s) H(s) will be
more
d) Phase margins of the two systems are the same but gain margin of G(s) H(s) will be
less
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The factor exp (-st) is the cause of the term transportation lag (time delay).
The effect of e-st term is simply to rotate each point of the G(s) H(s) plot by an angle wT
rad in the clockwise direction. So the phase margin of the system reduces as T
increases. But since |e-s| =1, therefore the gain margins of both the systems are the
same.
9. The gain margin in dBs of a unity feedback control system whose open loop transfer
function, G(s) H(s) =1/s(s+1) is
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: wpc = ∞
Magnitude of the transfer function =0
Gain Margin =∞ dB.
10. The loop transfer function of a system is given by G(s) H(s) =10e -Ls/s. The phase
crossover frequency is 5rad/s. The value of the dead time L is
a) π/20
b) π/10
c) -π/20
d) Zero
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: – π/2-180/π*L*5 = -π
5L =π/2
L =π/10.
4. For a stable closed loop system, the gain at phase crossover frequency should
always be:
a) < 20 dB
b) < 6 dB
c) > 6 dB
d) > 0 dB
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Phase crossover frequency is the frequency at which the gain of the
system must be 1 and for a stable system the gain is decibels must be 0 db.
5. Which one of the following methods can determine the closed loop system
resonance frequency operation?
a) Root locus method
b) Nyquist method
c) Bode plot
d) M and N circle
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Closed loop system resonance frequency is the frequency at which
maximum peak occurs and this frequency of operation can best be determined with
the help of M and N circle.
6. If the gain of the open loop system is doubled, the gain of the system is :
a) Not affected
b) Doubled
c) Halved
d) One fourth of the original value
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gain of the open loop system is doubled then the gain of the system is not
affected as the gain of the system is not dependent on the overall gain of the system.
9. Constant N-loci:
a) Constant gain and constant phase shift loci of the closed-loop system.
b) Plot of loop gain with the variation in frequency
c) Circles of constant gain for the closed loop transfer function
d) Circles of constant phase shift for the closed loop transfer function
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Constant N loci are the circles of constant gain for the closed loop transfer
function and the intersection point of the M and N is always the point (-1,0).
10. Nichol’s chart:
a) Constant gain and constant phase shift loci of the closed-loop system.
b) Plot of loop gain with the variation in frequency
c) Circles of constant gain for the closed loop transfer function
d) Circles of constant phase shift for the closed loop transfer function
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Nichol’s chart are plot of loop gain with the variation in frequency and this
is used to determine the stability of the system with the variation in the frequency.
10. If the gain of the critical damped system is increased it will behave as
a) Oscillatory
b) Critically damped
c) Overdamped
d) Underdamped
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: On increasing the gain damping will automatically get reduced and hence
the oscillations in the system increases.
1. Which principle specifies the relationship between enclosure of poles & zeros by s-
plane contour and the encirclement of origin by q(s) plane contour?
a) Argument
b) Agreement
c) Assessment
d) Assortment
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Argument principle specifies the relationship between enclosure of poles
& zeros by s-plane contour and the encirclement of origin by q(s) plane contour.
2. If a Nyquist plot of G (jω) H (jω) for a closed loop system passes through (-2, j0) point
in GH plane, what would be the value of gain margin of the system in dB?
a) 0 dB
b) 2.0201 dB
c) 4 dB
d) 6.0205 dB
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Gain Margin is calculated by taking inverse of the gain where the Nyquist
plot cuts the real axis.
4. Consider a feedback system with gain margin of about 30. At what point does
Nyquist plot crosses negative real axis?
a) -3
b) -0.3
c) -30
d) -0.03
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Gain Margin is always inverse of the point which cuts the Nyquist on the
real axis.
5. According to Nyquist stability criterion, where should be the position of all zeros of
q(s) corresponding to s-plane?
a) On left half
b) At the center
c) On right half
d) Random
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: According to Nyquist stability criterion zeroes must lie on the left half on
the s plane.
6. If the system is represented by G(s) H(s) = k (s+7) / s (s +3) (s + 2), what would be its
magnitude at ω = ∞?
a) 0
b) ∞
c) 7/10
d) 21
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: On calculating the magnitude of the system and putting the value of
frequency one gets the magnitude as 0.
7. Consider the system represented by the equation given below. What would be the
total phase value at ω = 0?
200/[s3 (s + 3) (s + 6) (s + 10)].
a) -90°
b) -180°
c) -270°
d) -360°
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The phase can be calculated by the basic formula for calculating phase
angle.
8. Due to an addition of pole at origin, the polar plot gets shifted by ___ at ω = 0 ?
a) -45°
b) -60°
c) -90°
d) -180°
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Addition of pole causes instability to the system.
9. In polar plots, if a pole is added at the origin, what would be the value of the
magnitude at Ω = 0?
a) Zero
b) Infinity
c) Unity
d) Unpredictable
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Addition of pole causes instability to the system.
10. In polar plots, what does each and every point represent w.r.t magnitude and
angle?
a) Scalar
b) Vector
c) Phasor
d) Differentiator
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Each and every point on the polar plot is the phasor where value of
frequency varies.
Control Systems Questions and Answers – Closed-Loop
Frequency Response
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This set of Control Systems Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Closed-Loop Frequency Response”.
5. Cut-off rate is the ability of the system to distinguish the signal from _____________
a) Bandwidth
b) Noise
c) Resonance peak
d) Magnitude
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Cut-off rate is the ability of the system to distinguish the signal from noise.
8. A polar plot intersects the unit circle at a point making -45° to the negative real axis
then the phase margin of the system is :
a) -45°
b) 45°
c) 180°-45°
d) 180°+45°
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As the angle is with the negative real axis hence the Phase margin will be
45°.
1. The system with the open loop transfer function 1/s(1+s) is:
a) Type 2 and order 1
b) Type 1 and order 1
c) Type 0 and order 0
d) Type 1 and order 2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Type is defined as the number of poles at origin and order is defined as
the total number of poles and this is calculated with the help of the transfer function
from the above transfer function the type is 1 and order is 2.
2. The identical first order system have been cascaded non-interactively. The unit step
response of the systems will be:
a) Overdamped
b) Underdamped
c) Undamped
d) Critically damped
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Since both the systems that is the first order systems are cascaded non-
interactively, the overall unit step response will be critically damped.
3. A third order system is approximated to an equivalent second order system. The rise
time of this approximated lower order system will be:
a) Same as the original system for any input
b) Smaller than the original system for any input
c) Larger than the original system for any input
d) Larger or smaller depending on the input
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As order of the system increases the system approaches more towards
the ideal characteristics and if the third order system is approximated to an equivalent
second order system then the rise time of this will be smaller than the original system
for any input.
4. A system has a single pole at origin. Its impulse response will be:
a) Constant
b) Ramp
c) Decaying exponential
d) Oscillatory
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a single pole at origin the system is of type 1 and impulse response of
the system with single pole at the origin will be constant.
5. When the period of the observation is large, the type of the error will be:
a) Transient error
b) Steady state error
c) Half-power error
d) Position error constant
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The error will be the steady state error if the period of observation is large
as the time if large then the final value theorem can be directly applied.
6. When the unit step response of a unity feedback control system having forward path
transfer function G (s) =80/s(s+18)?
a) Overdamped
b) Critically damped
c) Under damped
d) Un Damped oscillatory
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The open loop transfer function is first converted into the closed loop as
unity feedback is used and then value of damping factor is calculated.
7. With negative feedback in a closed loop control system, the system sensitivity to
parameter variation:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Becomes zero
d) Becomes infinite
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Sensitivity is defined as the change in the output with respect to the
change in the input and due to negative feedback reduces by a factor of 1/ (1+GH).
8. An underdamped second order system with negative damping will have the roots :
a) On the negative real axis as roots
b) On the left hand side of complex plane as complex roots
c) On the right hand side of complex plane as complex conjugates
d) On the positive real axis as real roots
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An underdamped second order system is the system which has damping
factor less than unity and with negative damping will have the roots on the right hand
side of complex plane as complex conjugates.
9. Given a unity feedback system with G (s) =K/ s (s+4). What is the value of K for a
damping ratio of 0.5?
a) 1
b) 16
c) 4
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Comparing the equation with the standard characteristic equation gives
the value of damping factor, natural frequency and value of gain K.
1. The phase margin (in degrees) of a system having the loop transfer function G(s)
H(s)=2√3/s(s+1) is:
a) 45°
b) -30°
c) 60°
d) 30°
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Phase margin is calculated at gain cross over frequency where magnitude
of the transfer function is 1.
2. The system with the open loop transfer function G(s) H(s) =1/s(s ^2+s+1) has the gain
margin of :
a) -6 dB
b) 0 dB
c) 3.5 dB
d) 6 dB
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Gain margin is calculated at phase cross over frequency where the phase
is 180°.
4. The polar plot of the transfer function G(s) = 10(s+1)/s+10 will be in the :
a) First quadrant
b) Second quadrant
c) Third quadrant
d) Fourth quadrant
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Polar plot of the given transfer function lies in the fourth quadrant.
5. As the polar plot moves toward the point (-1, 0) then the system becomes :
a) Stable
b) Marginally stable
c) Conditionally stable
d) Unstable
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: As the polar plot moves toward the point (-1, 0) then the system becomes
unstable.
6. Polar plots moving toward the imaginary axis makes the system:
a) Stable
b) Marginally stable
c) Conditionally stable
d) Unstable
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Polar plots moving toward the imaginary axis makes the system unstable.
8. Phase and gain margin are applicable to open and closed loop systems both.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
9. Gain margin is:
a) It is a factor by which the system gain can be increased to drive it to the verge of
instability
b) It is calculated at gain cross over frequency
c) It is calculated at phase cross over frequency
d) Both a and c
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Gain margin is a factor by which the system gain can be increased to drive
it to the verge of instability and is calculated at phase cross over frequency.
2. Which system exhibits the initiation of corrective action only after the output gets
affected?
a) Feed forward
b) Feedback
c) Both a and b
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Feedback is the process in which the output of the system is desired by
comparing the output with the input and with the feedback system exhibits the
initiation of corrective action only after the output gets affected.
4. What is the value of steady state error in closed loop control systems?
a) Zero
b) Unity
c) Infinity
d) Unpredictable
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Steady state error is the error which is the difference in the final output to
the desired output and the value of steady state error for the good control system
must be zero.
5. Into which energy signal does the position sensor convert the measured position of
servomotor in servomechanisms?
a) Mechanical
b) Electrical
c) Thermal
d) Light
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In mechanical system the sensors are used in which the mechanical
motion is converted into electrical energy and generally in mechanical system position
sensor convert the measured position of servomotor in servomechanism.
8. Which notation represents the feedback path in closed loop system representation?
a) b(t)
b) c(t)
c) e(t)
d) r(t)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Feedback can be positive and negative and feedback is so used to reduce
the error of the system by comparing the final output with the desired output and
reducing the error and this error is denoted with the symbol as e(t).
10. Lead compensator speeds up the transient response and increases the margin of
stability of a system.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Derivative compensation are also known as the lead compensators are
these make the speed of response of the system more and also the bandwidth and
hence make the system more stable.
1. Which of the following is not the correct reason to select feedback compensation
over cascaded one?
a) No amplification is required as the energy transfer is from higher to lower level.
b) Suitable devices are not available for compensation(series)
c) It is economical
d) Provides greater stiffness against load disturbances
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Feedback compensation is the compensation obtained due to feedback
and cascade refers to the cascading of blocks in the forward path and feedback
compensation is not preferred over cascading as it is ecenomical.
5. The compensator G(s) =5(1+0.3s)/1+0.1s would provide a maximum phase shift of:
a) 20°
b) 30°
c) 45°
d) 60°
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The two corner frequencies are 1/0.3 and 1/0.1. The maximum phase lead
occurs at mid frequency w =10/√ and maximum phase is 30°.
7. With regard to the filtering capacity the lead compensator and lag compensator are
respectively:
a) Low pass and high pass filter
b) High pass and low pass filter
c) Both high pass filter
d) Both low pass filters
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Lead compensator is similar to high pass filter which allows only the high
frequencies to pass and rejects all the other and Lag compensator is similar to Low
pass filter which allows only low frequencies to pass and rejects other.
8. What is the effect of phase lag compensation on the performance of a servo system?
a) For a given relative stability, the velocity constant is increased
b) For a given relative stability, the velocity constant is decreased
c) The bandwidth of the system is increased
d) The time response is made faster
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Phase lag compensation is an integrator. It reduces the steady state error.
Velocity constant =1/steady state error
So velocity constant is increased.
9. A composite R-C network yielded the following transfer function when calculated
from its components:
T(s) = 1+21s+20s2/1+11s+10s2. This network can be used as which one of the following?
a) Phase lead compensator
b) Phase lag compensator
c) Lag lead compensator
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: T(s) = 1+20s/1+10s.
Since zero is nearer to origin than pole, it is a phase lead compensator.
10. The open loop transfer function of a plant is given as, G(s) =1/s^2-1. If the plant is
operated in unity feedback configuration, then the lead compensator that can stabilize
the control system is:
a) 10(s-1)/(s+2)
b) 10(s+4)/(s+2)
c) 10(s+2)/(s+10)
d) 10(s+2)/(s+10)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: G(s) =1/(s-1)(s+1)
The lead compensator C(s) should stabilize the plant as it is similar to the differentiator
and the tendency of it is to stablize the system by increasing the damping hence
remove the first term so only option (a) satisfies.
4. PD controller:
a) Decreases steady state error and improves stability
b) Rise time decreases
c) Transient response becomes poorer
d) Increases steady state error
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In Proportional and Derivative controller the damping factor value is
increases the oscillations are reduced and rise time decreases hence speed of
response increases.
5. PID controller:
a) Decreases steady state error and improves stability
b) Rise time decreases
c) Transient response becomes poorer
d) Increases steady state error
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Proportional Integral and Derivative controller is the controller that is the
combinational controller that increases the speed of response, decreases steady state
error and improves stability.
6. PI controller:
a) Decreases steady state error and improves stability
b) Rise time decreases
c) Transient response becomes poorer
d) Increases steady state error
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In Proportional and Integral controller which is the extension of the
integral controller which improves the steady state response but transient response
becomes poorer.
7. Proportional controller
a) Decreases steady state error and improves stability
b) Rise time decreases
c) Transient response becomes poorer
d) Increases steady state error
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Proportional controller is the controller that is used in the system so that
the output follows the input and increases steady state error.
Sanfoundry Global E
Control Systems Questions and Answers – Cascade
Compensation in Frequency Domain
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This set of Control Systems Questions and Answers for Entrance exams focuses on
“Cascade Compensation in Frequency Domain”.
1. A phase lead compensation leads to:
a) Increase in overshoot
b) Reduction in bandwidth of closed loop system
c) Reduction in rise time of closed loop system
d) Reduction in gain margin
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Phase lead compensation and this is similar to the high pass filter results
in increase in bandwidth reduction in settling time and thus, speed of response is
improved.
3. P+D controller:
a) Introduces offset
b) Increases bandwidth
c) Increases margin of stability
d) Reduces velocity constant
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Proportional Derivative controller is the controller increases margin of
stability and also used to increase he bandwidth and also increases the signal to noise
ratio.
4. Proportional controller:
a) Introduces offset
b) Increases bandwidth
c) Increases margin of stability
d) Reduces velocity constant
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Proportional controller is the controller that is block used to control the
gain of the control system and introduces offset error and there is no effect on the
damping factor.
7. The transfer function of the compensator is s+4/s+16. The maximum phase lead
frequency and the corresponding phase is :
a) 6 rad/sec, 36.87°
b) 8 rad/sec, 36.87°
c) 6 rad/sec, -36.87°
d) 8 rad/sec, -36.87°
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Phase lead frequency is calculated when magnitude of transfer function is
1 and this is the phase cross over frequency and the phase is calculated by using the
tanget formula with the transfer function.
8. Lag-lead compensation is a:
a) Increases bandwidth
b) Attenuation
c) Increases damping factor
d) Second order
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Lag-Lead compensation is a second order control system which has lead
and lag compensation both and thus has combined effect of both lead and lag
compensation this is obtained by the differential equation.
9. Rate compensation :
a) Increases bandwidth
b) Attenuation
c) Increases damping factor
d) Second order
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Damping factor is increased for reducing the oscillations and increasing
the stability and speed of response which are the essential requirements of the control
system and damping factor is increased by the rate compensation.
10. Negative exponential term in the equation of the transfer function causes the
transportation lag.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Transportation lag is the lag that is generally neglected in systems but for
the accurate measurements the delay caused to transport the input from one end to
the other is called the transportation lag in the system causes instability to the system.
1. Which of the following are the not characteristics of the closed loop systems?
a) It does not compensate for disturbance
b) It reduces the sensitivity of plant-parameter variations
c) It does not involve output measurements
d) It does not has the ability to control the system transient response
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Feedback refers to the comparison of the final output to the desired
output at respective input so as to get accurate and error free result and in the system
improves the transient response of the system.
2. Which one of the following effect in the system is not caused by negative feedback?
a) Reduction in gain
b) Increased in bandwidth
c) Increase in distortion
d) Reduction in output impedance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Distortion refers to the error in the open loop system and it has many
oscillations in the output and is reduced in case of negative feedback.
3. Which of the statement is correct with regard to the bandwidth of the control loop
system:
a) In systems where the low frequency magnitude in 0 dB on the bode diagram, the
bandwidth is measured at the -3 dB frequency
b) The bandwidth is the measurement of the accuracy of the closed loop system
c) The stability is proportional to the bandwidth
d) The system with larger bandwidth provides slower step response and lower fidelity
ramp response
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Bandwidth is the frequency measured at the gain of 3dB and for the good
control system the value of the bandwidth must be large but the large value of the
bandwidth increses the noise in the system.
10. Open loop system is ___________ stable than closed loop system
a) More
b) Less
c) Inclined
d) Exponential
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Open loop system always follows the input but closed loop system always
reduces the error irrespective of the input applied.
11. For the gain feedback system, does not affect the system output if KG is :
a) Small
b) Negative
c) One
d) Very large
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: T(s)=KG/(1+KGH)
If KG>>1: then C(s)=R(s)/H.
12. Determine the sensitivity of the overall transfer function for the system shown in
the figure below, at w=1 rad/sec with respect to the feedback path transfer function.
a) 1.11
b) -1.11
c) 2.22
d) -2.22
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: S= -G(s)H(s)/1+G(s)H(s)-1.1.