Introduction of Control System (Complete)
Introduction of Control System (Complete)
Introduction of Control System (Complete)
Answer:
2. Closed loop system: In the closed loop control system, the control
action is dependent on the desired output, where the output quantity is
considerably controlled by sending a command signal to input quantity.
For example: Air conditioner (AC), Cooling system in car.
Question: Write down some practical example of open loop system and closed
loop system.
Answer:
Question: Differentiate between open loop system and closed loop system.
Answer:
Question: Define: (a) System (b) Controlled variable (c) Controller (d) Plant (e)
Disturbance (f) Feedback (g) Feedback control (h) Actuating signal/Error
signal.
Answer:
Answer:
Answer:
Open loop transfer function: The ratio of the feedback signal B(s) to the
actuating error signal E(s) is called open loop transfer function.
( )
Open loop transfer function = ( )
= G(s) H(s)
Feed-forward transfer function: The ratio of the output signal C(s) to the
actuating error signal E(s) is called feed-forward transfer function.
( )
Feed-forward transfer function = ( )
= G(s)
Question: Explain the result of sudden load on close loop and open loop system.
Answer:
In case of closed loop system when a sudden load is applied, the system
becomes unstable for a moment and it creates an error signal which is fed back
to the input. The system then automatically tries to recover the error and
eventually it gets back to its previous state or gains system stability.
On the other hand, when a sudden load is applied to an open loop system, the
system becomes unstable. As there is no feedback path, the system cannot
compensate this error and so it can never recover its previous state or stability.
Problem 1: Draw a block diagram for the R-C circuit where Vi and Vo are the
input and output variables respectively.
Solution:
Two transformed equations can be written for the two elements in the circuit:
Vo(s)
Problem 2: Draw the block diagram for the two section R-C circuit.
Solution:
I2(s)
Vi(s) 1 I1(s) 1 V1(s) 1 1 Vo(s)
𝑅 𝐶 (𝑠) 𝑅2 𝐶2 (𝑠)
V1(s) Vo(s)
Answer:
We know,
( )
Open loop transfer function = ( )
= G(s) H(s)
( )
And Feed-forward transfer function = ( )
= G(s)
If the feedback transfer function H(s) is unity i.e. 1, then open loop transfer
function = G(s)
Answer:
Here,
Answer:
Close loop transfer function: The ratio of the output signal C(s) to the input
signal R(s) is called closed loop transfer function.
( ) ( )
Closed loop transfer function = ( )
= ( ) ( )
Question: Show that the transfer function of closed loop system is [1+G(s) H(s)]
times less than open loop system.
Answer: We know, the ratio of the feedback signal B(s) to the actuating error
signal E(s) is called open loop transfer function.
If the feedback transfer function H(s) is unity i.e. 1; then open loop transfer
function = G(s)
Now in the case of closed loop system from the figure (b),
It is the closed loop transfer function. If the value of [1+G(s) H(s)] is gradually
increased, the transfer function of closed loop system will be decreased. So, we
can say that, the transfer function of closed loop system is [1+G(s) H(s)] times
less than open loop system.
Answer:
1. Blocks in cascade/series:
Question: Simplify the following block diagram and find the transfer function:
( )
∴ Transfer function, TF = ( )
=( )( )
Problem: Simplify the following block diagram and find the transfer
function:
Solution:
( )
∴ Transfer function, TF = ( )
=
Problem: Simplify the following block diagram and find the transfer function:
Solution:
( )
∴ Transfer function, TF = ( )
=