The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in
the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

Writing, like speaking, is a form of expressing and communicating one’s thoughts and ideas.
When you speak clearly, other people can understand what you are saying. Likewise, when you
write, you have to familiarize yourself with the properties of a well-written text: organization,
coherence and cohesion, language use, and mechanics. These will serve as your “compass” in
weaving your train of thoughts and connecting one idea to another.

This module will help you identify and utilize your writing prowess through your awareness
and application of the properties of a written text. Here, you can also better appreciate good
grammar as fundamental to written communication. More so, using it on a personal basis can
help you express ideas precisely and gain other people’s respect in whatever you have to say.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Organization
 Lesson 2 – Coherence and Cohesion
 Lesson 3 – Language Use
 Lesson 4 – Mechanics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine the beginning, middle, and end of the story read;
2. write the episodes of your life from childhood to young adulthood using a graphic
organizer;
3. organize ideas using proper transitional devices;
4. construct a coherent and cohesive paragraph;
5. determine the essence of proper language use in written texts;
6. evaluate a written text based on the appropriateness of language use;
7. utilize writing prowess through practice skills in grammar; and
8. use proper mechanics in writing such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and
paragraph development.
1
 What I Know

Read carefully each item before choosing the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. “Let me tell you about my experience when I lost myself in an unexpected situation.” This
line is a part of the ___________ of a narrative.
A. end
B. middle
C. beginning
D. conclusion
2. Coherence applies to
A. sentences
B. whole arguments
C. paragraphs
D. phrases
3. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to identify the
components of an event in order, such as beginning, middle, and end of a story or the steps
in a science experiment.
A. sequencing of events
B. following directions
C. identifying errors
D. organizing ideas
4. The following are examples of transitional devices that indicate opposition, limitation and
contradiction except for?
A. On the other hand
B. On the contrary
C. Furthermore
D. In spite of
5. Which of the following is referred to as specialized language used by groups of like-minded
individuals?
A. slang
B. euphemism
C. jargon
D. idiom
6. Fill in the blank with the connecting word that best joins the two thoughts. Walking,
running, and jogging give you energy. ___________ any exercise that speeds up your heart rate
is good.
A. Finally
B. In short
C. Therefore
D. In contrast
7. Which of the following sentences shows the correct usage of a transition signal?
A. Mrs. Vista will accept late homework; however, she will take points off of the grade.
B. The Grade 11 class finished the test early; indeed, they were allowed to read quietly before
the bell.
C. Since Donna was the last to leave class, she was the first on the bus.
D. No one expected so many people at the evacuation area; furthermore,
we ran out of food.
8. What is the nature of the underlined transition in the given sentence?

2
 “A total lockdown in the entire city had been implemented, so several businesses stopped
operating for a month.”
A. Time
B. Addition
C. Comparison
D. Cause and effect
9. ‘Vertically challenged’ is what example of language feature?
A. jargon
B. slang
C. idiom
D. euphemism
10. What is cohesion?
A. Cohesion introduces new ideas in a text.
B. A special type of argument used in writing.
C. Cohesion is a special type of glue that writers use to make ideas stick together.
D. The way in which an author uses sentence structure to make the text more understandable
to the reader.
11. These are certain words or phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two statements.
A. Coherence
B. Cohesion
C. Topic Sentence
D. Cohesive Devices
12. Which of the following sentences has a precise and clear language?
A. Killer sentenced to die for second time in ten years.
B. The movie is a classic example of a horror movie because it incorporates all the elements of
a horror film.
C. He is an interesting individual.
D. The practice of theory of politics is studied in the classroom but political habits on campus
do not seem to benefit from such labor.
13. What correct end punctuation are you going to use to complete the sentence:
For heaven’s sake Paul, why do you keep on mumbling__
A. period
B. comma
C. exclamation
D. question mark
14. Which of the following sentences is asking for information?
A. Marsha, are you joining the class exhibit tour tomorrow?
B. Mr. Pineda, excuse me, are we there yet?
C. Hmmm, I guess, you are not with us, aren’t you?
D. What do you think is the easiest way to get to the train station on time?
15. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to describe the
technical aspects of writing which focuses more on the specificity and clarity for words that
you use – spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc.
A. mechanics
B. organization
C. language use
D. coherence and cohesion

3
 Lesson Organization
1
Arranging our thoughts to deliver a purposeful message is essential in all forms of
communication. This is clearly evident among written texts, which are supposed to be well-
organized, coherent and cohesive, using proper language and mechanically neat.

In this lesson, we will focus on the essence of organization. Thus, later, you are expected to
determine the beginning, middle, and end of a story, and to write the episodes of your life from
childhood to young adulthood using a graphic organizer.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you learned that persuasion is one of the patterns of written text. A
persuasive text can be an argument, exposition, discussion, review, or even an advertisement.

Can you still remember the following guide questions in constructing a persuasive text?
1. What is the issue?
2. What is your position or opinion?
3. What is the opposing position/opinion?
4. What are some reasons for your position/opinion?
5. What are some cases or examples that support this?

Notice that the guides are made in a specified order that will help clarify your thoughts and
encourage your readers to either believe in your opinion or do something based on your claims.
This is the power of organization in writing texts well.

What’s New

Are you familiar with Star Cinema’s “Seven Sundays”? This local movie features famous
celebrities like Aga Muhlach, Dingdong Dantes, Cristine Reyes, Enrique Gil, and Ronaldo
Valdez. Inside the succeeding text boxes are three different situations from the movie. Read
and analyze each event to determine which comes first, next and last.

1 When the four children learned about the bad news that
their father was diagnosed of a lung cancer, they at once
decided to pay their father a visit by sleeping overnight
under the same roof.

4
 2 The widowed father of the Bonifacio family, Manuel, was
diagnosed with lung cancer by the family physician. What
saddened Manuel was the doctor’s prediction that he had
only about two months or roughly “seven weeks” to live.

3 After his birthday with his nephew Jun (because no one

among his children showed up), Tatay Manuel received a
call from the family doctor telling him of the good news –
that he was not terminally ill.

How do you think are the scenes arranged in the movie?

Complete the following:

Event # ___ is the beginning because ______________________________________.

Event # ___ is the middle because _________________________________________.

Event # ___ is the ending because _________________________________________.

What is It

A well-organized piece of writing is not only clear but also logical and aesthetic. Existence of
organizational markers and coherent flow of ideas are typically the focus in evaluation of
writing (Dayagbil 2016, 63-64).

In writing a story or an essay, it is necessary for students like you to identify the sequence of
events from the beginning to the end because a strong organization comprises proper
paragraphing and logical order of presentation of ideas.

You are introduced to this lesson by sequencing events to help you understand how to
organize your understanding of the text or story, then later, to apply it in your own
composition.

Notes to the Teacher

You may cite different movies, stories or texts from other disciplines to let your
students creatively present the sequence of events. Additional points may also be
given to the learner with the most interesting and unique presentation.

5
 What’s More

Read the excerpt of the film review lifted from (Lionheartv.net 2017). Then, record the sequence
of events on a graphic organizer.

MOVIE REVIEW: “SEVEN SUNDAYS” (excerpt)

Star Cinema’s “Seven Sundays” revolves around the story of Bonifacio family, whose
patriarch, Manuel, (Ronaldo Valdez) is diagnosed with a terminal illness. Seeing the
family he built with his now deceased-wife, falling apart, Manuel has only one dying
wish: see his four children together again and reconnected, happy and looking for each
other, like when they were still kids.

But time and distance have taken a great toll on his children’s relationships which have
been mostly strained by insecurities and pride among them.

His eldest, Allan (Aga Mulach), is a struggling father trying to make ends meet for his
own family. Bryan (Dingdong Dantes), the middle child, who in spite of being the most
successful, harbors bitterness towards Allan, whom he thinks has remained his father’s
favorite. Cha (Cristine Reyes), now a mother of three, tries to hide her malfunctioning
marriage, and Dexter (Enrique Gil), the youngest, keeps himself distant from the family
he thinks abandoned him.

They are forced to reconcile under the same roof, and as they try to grant their dying
father’s wish, a recollection of their history and some assessment of where they are and
have gone as a family, are inevitably ensued.

But Dingdong Dantes has arguably emerged as the strongest performer. There is a
powerful exchange of accusations and revelation of insecurities among the siblings,
where Bryan bares his bitter struggle to prove himself and his worth in the family.

Enrique Gil’s Dexter has practically the same baggage. He struggles to connect to the
members of his family whom he feels left him when he was in need of someone to guide
him through growing up. As anticipated, every member of the family has to survive the
pains of growing up, but it is growing apart that proves to be more damaging to the
Bonifacio family, and it is more evident in Dexter.

But then, all these characters radiate around Manuel, played by Ronaldo Valdez, who
has singularly maintained his dramatic genius throughout the film. His struggle as a
father trying to keep the foundations of his already rattled family makes his character
accessible, hence it emerges as the most relatable element of the film.

For what it’s worth, while “Seven Sundays” struggles to abandon the conventions of its
genre, this Cathy Garcia-Molina-helmed family drama turns out to be actually
memorable. Its utter earnestness to relate a familiar story moves the film to levels that
are bracing enough to capture audience and tug at their heartstrings. With its poignant
sentiments about family, it hits right in the heart, and for that, “Seven Sundays” is
exceptional.

On a separate sheet of paper, use the graphic organizer to show the order of events recounted
in the film review.

6
 Timeline Organizer
BEGINNING

MIDDLE

ENDING

What I Have Learned

Complete the following statements for you to remember the most essential takeaways from the
lesson:

 A well-organized piece of writing ___________, ____________ and ___________.

 In writing a story or an essay, it is necessary to identify the ___________ of events from
the beginning to the end.
 A strong organization comprises proper ________________ and logical _________ of
presenting ideas

What I Can Do

Using a graphic organizer, write an episode of your life by providing events beginning from
childhood to young adulthood. Provide a catchy title for your story.

Title: ____________________________________________________________________________

Date Event

7
 Additional Activities

Write a three-to-five paragraph essay about the episodes of your life, using the events
that you recorded on the table beginning from childhood to young adulthood. Be guided
by the following criteria.

CRITERIA YOUR TEACHER’S

SCORE SCORE
Completeness (5)
Did you write to the prompt? Did you write
enough? Was your story complete?
Content (5)
Did your story have a beginning, middle
and end?
Language (5)
Did you use clear and thoughtful
language?
Did you use the events as reflected in the
episodes of your life?
Formatting/Organization (5)
Is your story broken up into paragraphs?
TOTAL

Lesson Coherence and Cohesion

2
One of the most important elements in writing is the form or structure. Without a solid
structure in place, the content you have gathered would fall apart. After sequencing the events
in your paragraph – a group of related sentences that leads to a single topic or idea, it is time
to get on to unifying your writing.

In this lesson, we will focus on structuring an effective paragraph through coherence and
cohesion. Thus, you are later expected to organize ideas using proper transitional devices and
eventually construct a coherent and cohesive paragraph.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned that organization plays an important role in
developing a well-written text. It is also known as arrangement and is achieved when ideas are
logically and accurately arranged with focus on the sequence of ideas, incidents, evidence, or
details in a definite order in a paragraph, essay, or speech.

8
After learning this property of a well-written text, it is important to interconnect it to other
properties of text: coherence and cohesion.

What’s New

Set A. Number the sentences to form a well-structured paragraph.

_____A. I knew that we will go to their house to celebrate her birthday but during that time, I
was still in our school because of my training for campus journalism.
_____B. I talked to her and said sorry for what I had done and I explained my reasons for not
attending her birthday. At last, I was still thankful to her for understanding my situation.
_____C. It was 2:00 o'clock in the afternoon when Angelita called me over the phone and said
that she was waiting for me at 7/11 store together with our other friends.
_____D. It's hard for me to choose what should I prioritize but I ended up staying in school.
_____E. On the next day, I saw her inside our room and it seemed that she did not want to
look at me.

Set B. Combine the sentences in each set into two clear sentences. Add a transitional word or
phrase to the second to show how it relates to the first. Here is an example.

 Retirement should be the reward for a lifetime of work.

 It is widely viewed as a sort of punishment.
 It is a punishment for growing old.

Sample combination: Retirement should be the reward for a lifetime of work.

Instead, it is widely viewed as a sort of punishment for
growing old.

Now, it’s your turn!

 There are differences in English performance between boys and girls.

 These differences cannot be attributed simply to differences in innate ability.
 If one were to ask the children themselves, they would probably disagree.

9
 What is It

In arranging the sentences in the first activity, we consider coherence or the connection of the
succeeding sentences to the topic sentence. Meanwhile, in the second activity, we make use of
cohesive or transitional devices to link the first sentence to the second.

Coherence and cohesion are two basic features that facilitate textual continuity. Basically,
coherence refers to the rhetorical aspects of your writing, which include developing and
supporting your argument (e.g. thesis statement development), synthesizing and integrating
readings, organizing and clarifying ideas.

Coherence means the connection and organization of ideas in a text to create

unity.

To achieve coherence, every good paragraph must have UNITY or oneness of idea. Sentences in
a paragraph are unified and directed by a topic sentence.

On the other hand, cohesion in writing means unifying ideas by binding words, phrases,
sentences and paragraphs, thus, show relationships and smooth “text flow”.

While coherence focuses on the overall (macro) structure of the essay, cohesion
is more specific. It pays attention to links between words and sentences.

To achieve good cohesion, you need to know how to use cohesive devices, certain words or
phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two statements, usually by referring back to what
you have previously written or said

Here is a chart of the transitional devices (also called conjunctive adverbs or adverbial
conjunctions) accompanied with a simplified definition of function.

addition again, also, and, and then, equally important, finally, first, further,
furthermore, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next,
second, still, too
comparison also, in the same way, likewise, similarly
concession granted, naturally, of course
contrast although, yet, at the same time, but at the same time, despite that,
even so, even though. for all that, however, in contrast, is spite of,
instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the
other hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though
emphasis certainly, indeed, in fact, of course
example/ after all, as an illustration, even, for example, for instance, for
illustration conclusion, indeed, in fact, in other words, in short, it is true,
namely, specifically, that is, to illustrate,
10 thus, truly
 summary all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in conclusion,
in other words, in particular, in short, in simpler terms, in
summary, on the whole, that is, therefore, to summarize

What’s More

For items 1-3, combine each pair of sentences by changing one sentence to a subordinate
clause. Use an appropriate subordinating conjunction to link the ideas.

Sample: I got tired. It was so late.

Answer: I got tired because it was so late.

1. I was studying my lesson. I heard a loud crash in the next room.

2. I pulled the blankets on my bed. I was afraid.
3. I finally got up from where I was sitting. I heard the cat’s meow.

For items 4-5, continue the story by completing the sentences.

4. I went to get a broom so that _________________________________.

5. I did not get very much sleep that night because __________________.

What I Have Learned

Using a Venn diagram, write the similarities and differences between coherence and cohesion.

coherence cohesion

What I Can Do

On a draft paper, jot down all your ideas about the word happiness. Decide how to organize
them by observing coherence and cohesion in writing your paragraph. Then, review the draft
and check on your use of cohesive ties before writing your second drafts.

CRITERIA YOUR TEACHER’S

11
RATING RATING
Content (5)
Did your story have a beginning, middle and end?
Completeness (5)
Did you write to the prompt?
Did you write enough?
Was your story complete?
Language (5)
Did you use clear and thoughtful language?
Did you use transitional devices?
Did you use the events as reflected in the episodes
of your life?
Formatting/Organization (5)
Is your story broken up into paragraphs?
TOTAL

Lesson Language Use

3
Now that you already know the importance of organization, coherence and cohesion in creating
a well-written text, let’s move on to another significant factor that a writer should consider –
the language use.

In this lesson, you are expected to determine the essence of proper language use in written
texts and, later, to evaluate a written text based on the appropriateness of language use.

What’s In

Before we proceed to the role of language use in well-written texts, answer the following
questions first:

 Would it be enough to just consider organization, coherence and cohesion in writing?

 How would improper use of language affect the message of a written text?
 Why is language as significant as organization, coherence and cohesion in developing a
well-written text?

What’s New
Study the conversation of three students
during the first day of school.

Identify which is very formal, formal

and informal?

What is It

Writing is a rigorous activity. No matter how good and substantial the content of a document
is, if it’s not carefully written as to how you, as the writer, would like to present it to your
readers, your purpose will not be served wisely. Hence, you have to bear in mind that aside
from considering the organization of your ideas and the coherence and cohesion of your
sentences and paragraphs, you also have to regard the style, tone and clarity of your writing.
On this note, you are responsible to choose the appropriate language to be used and to regard
the objective of the writing, the context in which it was written and the target audience in
mind.

13
There are five major issues with appropriate language that should be avoided in an effective
and well-written text, as identified by (Purdue Online Writing Lab 2020):
First, the formality of the language one uses should depend on how formal the situation
is and how the writer and the reader are related to one another.
Second, jargons or specialized language used by groups of individuals in the same field,
should only be used if the target readers belong to the same group.
Third, slangs and idioms should be avoided. Slangs are words, phrases, or expressions
that do not literally mean what they express (like “frenemy” to describe someone who is
both a friend and an enemy) while idioms or expressions whose meaning is different
from the meanings of the individual word it contains (like “to kill two birds at one
stone”, which means to get two things done with a single action.
Fourth, euphemisms or words that veil the truth shall also be avoided. Examples of
which are “virtually challenged” for someone who is short; “passed away” instead of
died, and other deceitful language.
Fifth, avoid using any biased language including those associated with any racial,
ethnic, group, or gender.
Hence, an effective language can be characterized as:

 Concrete and specific, not vague and abstract

 Concise, not verbose
 Precise and clear, not obscure
 Constructive, not destructive
 Appropriately formal, not slang

What’s More

Clip an article from a magazine, journal or newspaper that is related to your strand or
specialization. Evaluate its language use by answering the following:

Guide Questions Yes or Evidence/

No? Justification
Is the article appropriately formal?
Are there jargons?
Are there idiomatic expressions?
Are there euphemisms and other deceitful
words?
Is there any bias in language use?
Are the ideas presented in the text concrete
and specific?
Is the article concise?
Are the ideas presented precisely and clearly?

14
Is there any suggestion you can give to improve the language use in your chosen article?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Complete the sentences below:

1. A well-written text is/has_________________________________________.

2. Language use should be considered when writing a text because if not,

_________________________________________________________________.

3. As a writer, I will ________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Now that you already learned the importance of language use in achieving an effective and
well-written text, it’s now time for you to utilize this property in your writing task.
Supposed that you are an animal enthusiast. Write a letter of appeal addressed to the local
government to take legal action against human activities that endanger wildlife in your locality.
Please be guided by the scoring rubric below.

4 3 2 1
Parts of the business letter are One part of the business Two parts of the business Three or more parts of the
complete. letter is missing. letter are missing. business letter are
missing.

The argument/s presented is/are The argument/s The argument/s The argument/s
precise, clear and supported by facts presented is/are precise presented is/are not presented is/are not
and details. and clear but not precise and unclear but precise and unclear and
completely supported by supported by facts and supported by opinions.
facts and details. details.

The writer used constructive, The writer used The writer used The writer used
unbiased and formal language. constructive, unbiased constructive yet unbiased destructive, unbiased and
language and some and informal language. informal language.
informal language used.

15
 The writer did not use jargon/slang/ The writer used one The writer used two The writer used three or
idiomatic expression/ jargon/slang/ idiomatic jargons/slang/ idiomatic more jargons/slang/
euphemism/other deceitful language. expressions/ expressions/ idiomatic expressions/
euphemisms/other euphemisms/other euphemisms/other
deceitful language. deceitful language. deceitful language.

There are no to grammatical errors. There are few There are some There are many
grammatical errors. grammatical errors. grammatical errors.

Additional Activities

Write a three-paragraph expository essay about one of the given topics below. Make sure to
consider organization, coherence and cohesion, and language use. Please be guided by the
scoring rubric.

1. How can pets make you happy and improve your life?
2. How to keep a virus – free environment?
3. Why do you want to pursue your desired career?

4 3 2 1
Writing shows high Writing is coherent Writing is coherent Writing lacks logical
degree of attention and logically and logically organization. It
to logic and organized with organized. Some shows some
reasoning of points. transitions used points remain coherence but ideas
Unity clearly leads between ideas and misplaced and stray lack unity. Serious
the reader to the paragraphs to create from the topic. errors.
conclusion and stirs coherence. Overall Transitions evident
thought regarding unity of ideas is but not used
the topic. present. throughout essay.

The idea/s The idea/s presented The idea/s presented The idea/s presented
presented is/are is/are precise and is/are not precise is/are not precise
precise, clear and clear but not and unclear but and unclear and
supported by facts completely supported supported by facts supported by
and details. by facts and details. and details. opinions.

The writer used The writer used The writer used The writer used
constructive, constructive, constructive yet destructive, unbiased
unbiased and unbiased language unbiased and and informal
formal language. and some informal informal language. language.
language used.
The writer did not The writer used one The writer used two The writer used three
use jargon/slang/ jargon/slang/ jargons/slang/ or more
idiomatic idiomatic idiomatic jargons/slang/
expression/ expressions/ expressions/ idiomatic
euphemism/other euphemisms/other euphemisms/other expressions/
deceitful language. deceitful language. deceitful language. euphemisms/other
deceitful language.
There are no to little There are few There are some There are many
grammatical errors. grammatical errors. grammatical errors. grammatical errors.

16
 Lesson Mechanics
4
In this lesson, you will utilize your writing prowess through practice skills in grammar. You are
also expected to learn the mechanics in writing such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization,
and paragraphs in explaining a position in an essay.

What’s In

We are almost done with the properties of a well-written text. Before we proceed to the last one,
can you name the first three properties?

Let us recall each of the previously learned properties by classifying the words or phrases
inside the word pool. Write your answers on their respective sheets of paper below.

COHERENCE &
ORGANIZATION LANGUAGE USE
COHESION

Now, that you have learned how to arrange your ideas, link your sentences and paragraphs,
and use appropriate language, you are now ready to apply mechanical neatness in your written
text. This refers to how you will adhere to acceptable grammar and other rules in writing.

17
 What’s New

Read the letter below. Identify all errors by placing the correct capitalization and punctuations,
correcting misspelled words, and writing the sentences in paragraph form .

233 sitioibaba,
brgy. santisimososario
sanpablocitylaguna
24 august 2020

ms.kasumiwatanabe
gems and jewels inc
sta. cruzlaguna

dear miss Salazar

i attended your career planning workshop at the trace collage libraery on 15

december 2018
your presentation was just what I needed too organized myself Would it be possible
for you
to send me copies of your resume-writing guidelynes the worksheet
and the sample Unfortunately you ran out of this handouts before you gotto me

sincerely
menard b bancajr

Were you able to identify and correct the errors? Do you think an employer will feel bad about
receiving such letter from a job applicant or from an employee? Is it of utmost importance to
adhere to proper grammar and apply appropriate text formatting?

If you answer yes in all of these questions, then you agree that mechanics is another essential
property of a well-written text.

What is It

Generally, mechanics is essential in all types of writing because it describes the technical
aspects of writing. It also serves as a road sign to guide learners like you on how to use words
appropriately in terms of conventions such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and others.

18
Consider this example:

I can never forget my class last school year because they were so active
and responsible in class they always worked together well in doing their
assignments performing group and individual tasks submitting their projects on
time keeping the classroom spic and span.
They are worth remembering for everything that they did inside and outside
the campus they always helped one another they seldom got themselves in conflict
with anyone in the class.

It is apparent that the above example is quite difficult to read because of the lack of two
important conventions: punctuations and capitalization. In addition, you cannot easily
understand the message it sends across its readers. If we put appropriate punctuations, it
could be read in this way:

My class is worth remembering. They were so active and responsible. They

always worked together well in doing their assignments, performing group and
individual tasks, submitting their projects on time, and keeping the classroom spic
and span.
Everything that they did inside and outside the campus was worth
remembering. They always helped one another. Also, they seldom got themselves
in conflict with anyone in the class.

The second paragraph is easier to read and understand. Through applying proper mechanics
in writing, you can facilitate better transfer of message in your written text. You will never be
lost as long as you keep in mind and follow the basic rules of subject-verb agreement,
capitalization, punctuations, paragraphing, and even spelling.

What’s More
Notes to the Teacher
Add the
For additional reading assignment, please visit the following pages:
correct end
 “A Brief History of Punctuation,” article from about.com
 “Brief Overview of Punctuation,” article from Purdue’s Online Writing Lab
(OWL)

punctuation to complete each sentence.

1. What is the name given to the 2019 novel corona virus
2. People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus-2019-nCoV
3. Take steps to protect yourselves from the virus, like following good respiratory
hygiene.
4. What a terrible and dangerous disease is COVID-19

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Write three sentences about COVID-19. Make sure to apply proper mechanics in writing.
5. Declarative Sentence: ___________________________________________
6. Interrogative Sentence: __________________________________________
 7. Imperative Sentence: _______________________________________________
8. Exclamatory Sentence: _________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Write your insights about the quote from Terry Pratchett:

“Let grammar, punctuation, and spelling into your life! Even the most energetic
and wonderful mess has to be turned into sentences.”

What I Can Do

A famous American writer and orator, Frederick Douglas, once said, “Once you learn to read,
you will be forever free.” Douglas meant that reading gives you the freedom to explore the
world and bring that world into a new dimension of learning and discovery. Do you mainly
agree or disagree with him? What are some of the effects of reading such as books,
newspapers, magazines, and even e-books on our lives? Are these effects mainly negative,
positive, or both?
Explain your position in an essay of five paragraphs. Use specific examples to support your
view. Observe the mechanics in writing and be guided by the following criteria:

CRITERIA MY MY TEACHER’S EVALUATION

PERSONAL
RATING
Completeness (5)
Did you write to the prompt?
Did you write enough?
Was your essay complete?
Content (5)
Did your story have a beginning, middle and end?
Language (5)
Did you use clear and thoughtful language?
Did you use transitional devices?
Did you use specific examples to support your
view?

Formatting/Organization (5)
Is your story broken up into paragraphs?
TOTAL

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 Additional Activities

Create a short (3-to-5 minute) vlog about the importance of mechanics in written texts. You
may choose to have it uploaded in any social media platform or just send it via email or private
message. Be guided by the following criteria:

CRITERIA YOUR TEACHER’S

SCORE SCORE
Content (5)
Did the vlog include topics on grammar, capitalization,
punctuation, spelling and paragraphing?

Speech and Grammar (5)

Does the vlogger speak fluently?
Is there any grammatical error?
Video Quality (5)
Is the video well-recorded and framed?
Is it digitally enhanced and cohesive?
Sound Quality
Is the sound clear and understandable?
Is the volume appropriate?
TOTAL

Assessment

Read carefully each item before choosing the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to identify the
components of an event in order, such as beginning, middle, and end of a story or the steps in
a science experiment.
A. sequencing of events
B. following directions
C. identifying errors
D. organizing ideas

2. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to describe the
technical aspects of writing which focuses more on the specificity and clarity for words that
you use – spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc.
A. mechanics
B. organization
C. language use
D. coherence and cohesion

3. Fill in the blank with the connecting word that best joins the two thoughts. Walking,
running, and jogging give you energy. ___________ any exercise that speeds up your heart rate is
good.
 21
A. Finally
B. In short
C. Therefore
D. In contrast

4. “Let me tell you about my experience when I lost myself in an unexpected situation.” This
line is a part of the ___________ of a narrative.
A. end
B. middle
C. beginning
D. conclusion

5. Coherence applies to
A. sentences
B. whole arguments
C. paragraphs
D. all of the above

6. What is cohesion?
A. Cohesion introduces new ideas in a text.
B. A special type of argument used in writing.
C. Cohesion is a special type of glue that writers use to make ideas stick together.
D. The way in which an author uses sentence structure to make the text more
understandable to the reader.

7. These are certain words or phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two statements.
A. Coherence
B. Cohesion
C. Topic Sentence
D. Cohesive Devices

8. Which of the following sentences shows the correct usage of a transition signal?
A. Mrs. Vista will accept late homework; however, she will take points off of the grade.
B. The Grade 11 class finished the test early; indeed, they were allowed to read quietly
before the bell.
C. Since Donna was the last to leave class, she was the first on the bus.
D. No one expected so many people at the evacuation area; furthermore, we ran out of
food.

9. What is the nature of the underlined transition in the given sentence?

“A total lockdown in the entire city was implemented, so several businesses had stopped
operating for a month.”
A. Time
B. Addition
C. Comparison
D. Cause and effect

10. Which of the following sentences has a precise and clear language?
A. Killer sentenced to die for second time in ten years.
B. The movie is a classic example of a horror movie because it incorporates all the
elements of a horror film.
C. He is an interesting individual.
D. The practice of theory of politics are studied in the classroom but political habits on
campus do not seem to benefit from such labor.
11. The following are examples of transitional devices
22 that indicate opposition, limitation and
contradiction except for?
A. On the other hand
B. furthermore
C. On the contrary
D. in spite of

12. What correct end punctuation are you going to use to complete the sentence:
For heaven’s sake Paul, why do you keep on mumbling__
A. period
B. comma
C. exclamation
D. question mark

13. ‘Vertically challenged’ is what example of language feature?

A. jargon
B. slang
C. idiom
D. euphemism

14. Which of the following is referred to as specialized language used by groups of like-minded
individuals?
A. slang
B. euphemism
C. jargon
D. idiom

15. Which of the following sentences is asking for an information?

A. Marsha, are you joining the class exhibit tour tomorrow?
B. Mr. Pineda, excuse me, are we there yet?
C. Hmmm, I guess, you are not with us, aren’t you?
D. What do you think is the easiest way to get to the train station on time?

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