Tutorial – 1

1. Find x, y, z and w if
x y   x 6   4 x  y
3   
 z w   1 2w   z  w 3 

2. Find (a) AB and (b) BA , given

 2 1 
 1 2 5 
A   1 
0  and B   
 3 4  3 4 0 
 
 2 1   2  1  ( 1)  3 2  ( 2)  ( 1)  4 2  ( 5)  ( 1)  0 
   1 2 5   
AB   1 0   1 1 1  ( 2) 1  ( 5) 
 3 4   3 4 0   3  1  4  3 3  ( 2)  4  4 3  ( 5)  4  0 
   
 1 8 10 
 
  1 2 5 
 9 22 15 
 
 2 1 
 1 2 5     1  2  ( 2)  1  ( 5)  ( 3) 1  ( 1)  ( 2)  0  ( 5)  4 
BA    1 0   
 3 4 0   3 4   3  2  4  1  0  ( 3) 3  ( 1)  4  0  0  4 
 
 15 21 
 
 10 3 
 3. Compute AB, where
2
 
A   3  and B   6 4 5 
 1 
 

4. Compute AB and BA, where

 3 5 1  2 2 3 1 
A   4 0 2  , B   5 0 7 8 
 
 6 3 2  9 4 1 1 
 3 5 1  2 2 3 1
  
AB   4 0 2   5 0 7 8
 6 3 2   9 4 1 1 
 3  2  5  5  ( 1)  9 3  ( 2)  5  0  ( 1)  ( 4) 3  3  5  7  ( 1)  1 3  1  5  8  ( 1)  1 
 
  42  05  29 4  ( 2)  0  0  2  ( 4) 4 3  07  21 4 1  0  8  2 1 
( 6)  2  ( 3)  5  2  9 ( 6)  ( 2)  ( 3)  0  2  ( 4) ( 6)  3  ( 3)  7  2  1 ( 6)  1  ( 3)  8  2  1
 22 2 43 42 
 
  26 16 14 6 
 9 4 37 28 

5. Give an Example where AB  BA .

Sol: Any Example
 Tutorial – 2
1. Express the matrix D as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix

2 1 2
 
D  1 3 2
3 5 4
 
2 1 3 4 2 5  0 0 1 
     
D  1
T
3 5, D  D  2 6
T
7  , D  D   0 0 3 
T

2 2 4  5 7 8  1 3 0 
   
 2 1 2.5   0 0 0.5 
   
D 1 3 3.5    0 0 1.5 
 2.5  
3.5 4   0.5 1.5 0 

2. Find the rank of the matrix using the elementary row operation
1 5 6
 
A  3 9 2
2 7 4
 
1 5 6 
  R2'  R2  3R1
A   0 6 16 
 0 3 8  R3'  R3  2 R1
 
1 5 6 
 
  0 6 16  1
0 0 R3'  R3  R1
 0  2
Since the number of nonzero rwos is 2. So rank is 2.

3. Evaluate the minor and cofactor of first row elements and then find
determinant of the matrix
 8 2 10 
 
A   2 3 2 
6 3 8 

 3 2 2 2 2 3
Minor of 8 =  18, Minor of -2 =  30,Minor of -10 =  24,
3 8 6 8 6 3
Cofactor of 8 =  18, Cofactor of -2 =  30,Cofactor of -10 =24,
Determinant = 8  (-18)+(-2)  (-30)+(-10)  24=-324
4. Evaluate the determinant of the matrix using row operation
1 2 1 6
 
3 5 9 7
A
2 3 6 1
 
5 6 2 3

1 2 1 6 
  R2'  R2  3R1
 0 1 6 11 
A R3'  R3  2 R1
 0 1 4 11 
  R4'  R4  5R1
 0 4 3 27 
1 2 1 6 
 
 0 1 6 11 
 R3'  R3  R2
 0 0 2 0 
  R4'  R4  4 R2
 0 0 27 17 
1 2 1 6 
 
 0 1 6 11 

 0 0 2 0 
  R4'  R4  13.5R3
 0 0 0 17 
It is a triangular matrix. So det(A)=1x(-1)x(-2)x17=34.
5. Check the matrix A is singular matrix or not (First think and then write the
answer with proper logic)
7 2 2 9
 
 6 3 3 5
A
 9 8 8 7 
 
 4 9 9 5 
Sol: det(A)=0 as the second and third column identical. So A is a singular matrix.
 Tutorial – 3
1. Find the inverse of the matrix
 1 5 2 
 
D   3 1 4 
 3 6 7 
 
 2. Check the row vectors of the matrix A are linearly dependent or
independent
1 2 3 4
 
2 3 4 5
A
3 4 5 6
 
4 5 6 7
The Four vectors a(1)=[1 2 3 4], a(2)=[2 3 4 5], a(3)=[3 4 5 6] and a(4)=[4 5 6 7]
Now, c1 a(1) + c2a(2) + c3 a(3) + c4a(4) =0 implies that any two of the unknown variables
say, c1 and c2 are arbitrary. Hence the vectors are linearly dependent.

3. Using Gauss Elimination method, find the values of λ and µ so that the
equations 2x+3y+5z=9, 7x+3y-2z=8, 2x+3y+ λz= µ have (i) no solution (ii)
unique solution and (iii) an infinite number of solutions.
Ans.
2 3 5 2 3 5 | 9 
   
A  6 3 2  and augmented matrix A   6 3 2 | 8 
2 3   2 3  |  
  
2 3 5 | 9 
 
A  0 6 17 | 8  R2'  R2  3 R1
0 0   5 |   9  R3'  R3  R1

The system has unique solution, if the rank of A=rank of ̃ =number of unknowns and it
possible if and .
The system has infinitely many solution, if the rank of A≠rank of ̃ =number of unknowns
and it possible if but .
The system has no solution, if the rank of A=rank of ̃ < number of unknowns and it
possible if but . It gives rank of A=rank of ̃ =2 but number of
unknown is 3.
4. Solve the system of linear equations 3x+y+2z=3, 2x-3y-z=-3 and x+2y+z=4
using Cramer’s rule.