Finite Element Method ME751: Mechanical IV/II
Finite Element Method ME751: Mechanical IV/II
Finite Element Method ME751: Mechanical IV/II
ME751
Mechanical IV/II
Chapter 6
APLICATIONS: ONE
DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
To make the ideas so far expressed more concrete, we shall consider
in this section some one-dimensional examples in which piecewise
defined shape functions are used to solve problems governed by
ordinary second order differential equations.
Consider the problem of finding the function ϕ(x) that satisfies the
differential equation
..... (1)
..... (2a)
..... (2b)
..... (2c)
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Equation [1] arises in connection with the analytical description of
many physical processes. For example, conduction and convection
heat transfer in plane wall or fin, flow through channels and pipes,
transverse deflection of cables, axial deformation of bars, and many
other physical processes.
We solve this problem by the finite element method for k = 1 and L =
1. A set of 4 nodes is chosen in the region 0 < x < 1, as shown in
Figure, and with each node we associate a piecewise linear global
shape function Nm.
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An approximation
..... (3)
..... (4)
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Equation [4] requires continuity of first derivates of the trial
functions if infinite values are to be avoided. Integration by parts
relaxes this requirement on the shape function and leads to a weak
form of the weighted residual statement
..... (5)
..... (7)
..... (8)
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Solution for Case 1
We solve Equation [1] subjected to the boundary conditions
Since two nodal values and are given, we need two linear
equations to determine the unknown nodal values ϕ2 and ϕ3.
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Substituting wl = ψ1 = N2 into Equation [5], we get
..... (10)
..... (11)
Defining
..... (15)
Substituting
..... (16)
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Substituting wl = ψ1 = N2 into Equation [16], we get
..... (17)
..... (18)
..... (21)
..... (22)
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Solution for Case 3
We solve Equation [1] subjected to the boundary conditions
Since none of the nodal values are given we need four linear
equations to determine the unknown nodal values ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3 and ϕ4.
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Weak formulation of the given problem to include the derivative
boundary conditions can be expressed as
..... (25)
Substituting
..... (26)
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Substituting wl = ψ1 = N1 into Equation [26], we get
..... (27)
..... (28)
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Similarly, substituting wl = ψ2 = N2 and wl = ψ3 = N3 into Equation
[26], and following the similar procedure we get
..... (30)
..... (31)
Similarly, substituting wl = ψ3 = N3 into Equation [26], and
following the similar procedure we get
..... (32)
..... (33)
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Equation [33] can be expressed as
..... (34)
Using
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Similarly,
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Similarly,
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Similarly,
Similarly,
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Similarly,
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Similarly,
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Following similar procedure, other remaining coefficients can be
found to be
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Then finite element equation for Case 1 is given by
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Then finite element equation for Case 3 is given by
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Then finite element equation for Case 3 is given by
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For Element 1, i = 1 and j = 2
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EXAMPLE 6.1
Solve the differential equation using the Galerkin finite element
method. Assume that the domain 0 < x < 1 is divided into equal
length elements.
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