B.

SEXUAL SELF

At the end of this learning module, the student is expected to:

a. discuss the sexual development involving the human reproductive system,
erogenous zones, sexual behavior and human sexual response.
b. demonstrate critical and reflective thought in understanding one's

sexuality, chemistry of lust, love and attachment and the psychological

aspect of being turned on.
c. examine the diversity of human sexuality, sexual health, sexually
transmitted diseases and methods of contraception.

83
 DISCUSSION/READINGS
INTRODUCTION
sexual development in an individual. Physical changes
Puberty marks the start of
start and as an
individual continues to adolescence, these changes are highlighted as Sex
Since sex undergoing physical changes, and producing feelings that
hormones, are sexual in nature
as usually a taboo subject, most adolescents are confused
to handle them, who
feelings: how
with these
and what is considered normal and
inappropriate sexual to ask about these sexual feelings
understand these is to learn about
responses. The best way to
sexuality to get to know
human
one's
own body and responses and establish her/his Sexual Self.
WHAT IS YOUR
and understand
SEXUAL SELF? This is the part of yourself where you learn
your sexual
development and how people's sexual activity, beliefs.
misconceptions and unlimited access from the internet on sex can influence your own sexual
behaviors and responses. Your sexual self speaks of your sexual health, sexual orientation.
gender identity and expression and values around sexuality.
1. Sexual Development
Sexual Development is lifelong process that starts at the moment of conception
(Tsiaras, 2006). People are all a little different from each other, so it makes sense that they
don't all
develop in the same way (kidshealth.org, 2008). Sexual development can be
predicted as part of the human
development but not everyone is expected to have the same
pattern of changes or
the same pacing.
3 Reasons Why an Individual's Sex is
2001, p.32) Important in Lifelong Development: (Hurlock,
1) Eacl year children come
under increasing cultural pressures from parents, teachers,
peer group and society at large to
develop attitudes and behavior patterns that are
considered appropriate for members of their sex.
2) Learning experiences are determined by the individual's sex. In the home, at school,
and in play groups, children learn what is considered
their sex. appropriate for members of
3)
The attitude of parents and other significant family members towards individuals
because of their sex. Strong preferences for a child of a given sex have marked
influences on
parents' attitudes affecting relationship with the child.
1.1 Sigmund Frend's Psychosexual Stages of Development and the Concept of
Zone Erogenous
Freud believed that every child
goes through a sequence of developmental stages
and that the child's experiences during these stages
determine adult personality
characteristics. Freud believed that the adult personality is formed
by the end of the 5th year
of life. Each stage has an erogenous zone association with
uses the term fixation to describe what occurs
stimulation and pleasure. Freud
when a person does
from stage
not
progress normally
to but remains overly involved with a particular stage. That person will
stage
prefer to gratify her/his needs in simpler or more childlike ways than
in an adult mode that
would result in normal development (Limpingco& Tria, 1990,
p. 14)

84
 Psychosexual Erogenous Results
Fixations Conflicts
Stage Zone

Oral Stage (birth- Mouth Oral

Frustration-Fed on a Schedule-Fed: tight-
years old) (centered on Incorporative or schedule to meet lipped people who eat
feeding) Oral Aggressive nutritional only for nourishment
requirements
Demand-Fed: gives rise
Overindulgence- to oral pleasures (eating,
Child is fed at any drinking, smoking, oral
time the child wants sex) child is self-
absorbed and egoistical

Anal Stage (2 to Anal Retentive Frustration-parents Controlling.

years old) (centered on Anal demand exacting withholding, stringent,
toilet training) Expulsive control of bowel selective with friends
habits. (controlled, hoarding)
Overindulgence- Uncontrolled-gullible,
parents allow child easily trusts, lax,
freedom, or is disorganized
lenient in bowel

Phallic Stage (3 Genital area Oedipus/ Elektra Heterosexualizing Boy will grow up
5years old) Complex interactions. seeking a woman like his
Castration Jealousy develops mother

Anxiety Problems with Girl will grow up

Penis Envy parent-identification wanting to have a male
child
Homosexuality will
occur if normal
identifications are
reverse

Latency Stage (6 Secondary Sexual Repression of Reality Principle and

years-Puberty) sexual Maturation oedipal attachments learning of skills
characteristics Reduction of Establishing Gender
Sexuality in the identity
child

Genital Stage Whole body Mating, Dating Sexual Instincts and Sublimate sexual energy
and Social Sexual Conflicts into emotional
(Puberty-onwards
Interaction reappear commitments to sports,
Death Instincts cheerleading, music,
reappears band, academics,
Sexual Instincts are politics, church, or other
repressed endeavors.

Hostility, rebelliousness
or juvenile delinquency.
Vows of celibacy,
attractions to mystical
philosophies, gangs,
religions or cults

85
 1.2 The Human Reproductive System.
One
of the many seemingly magical things about human reproduction is thatonly
one sperm
can ever penetrate an egg. Sex, however, IS not just for reproduction- not in
humans. That may be
its primary biological mandate, but 11 serves other purposes as well. I
helps strengthen relationships, encourages 3 man to stick around to care for his child, and
affects not only health but also well-being (Tsiaras, 2006).

1.2a The Pemate Reproductive System.

The ovaries produce Fallopian tubes
400.000 eggs or sO every
28 days. The
ovum is 100,000 times larger than the Ovaries
sperm cell. The egg cell carries the X chromosome Uterus
(Villafuerte, SL. 2013). Puberty in girls
starts between
usually
ages 8-13, along with all the
changes (breast, hair,
bodily
skin, hips, voice) it is also
where Menarche (from the Greek words 'moon and
"beginning").
the
the first menstrual-period. would seal
growth spurt and signal the female's Vagina
sexual
maturity.

1.26 The Male Reproductive System. bladder

The testes produce 200 million
seminal vesicle
prostole gland

sperm cells/spermatozoa every week. It

carries X or Y
chromosome, which is the
sex-determining cell (Villafuerte, SL. 2013).
In boys, puberty starts around 10-15 years
old
and explains why some girls look more
mature
than boys. The testosterone hormone
causes
and
most of the changes in a bay's body
men need
sperm to reproduce
(kidshealth.org, 2008). epididymis

Besides
the physical changes (voice. hair, size of larynx), his
changes. Unlike women varying monthly to create menstrual penis, also brain
cycles, the hormones in men's
brains are constantly active (Tsiaras, 2006). This may be
think about sex more than women©
the reason why men are said to

1.3 Human Sexual Response

Biological factors such as the presence of
prime people androgens, estrogens and progesterone,
tor sexplateau,
phases: excitement, sexual responses follow af regular paitern consistne or riois
People'sorgasm
and resolution.
libido, is a person's overall sexual drive or
Sexual motivation, often referred to as
desire for sexual activity. This is motivated by
biological, psychologieal,
ability to engage
and socialfactorsIn most mammals,sex hormun sneuvitet the
in sexual behayiors.
ability to copulate in humans; They areHowever, sex hormones do not direcily regulate the
only one influence on the motivation to
/sexual behaviors. Social factors such as engage in
WORK and FAMILY also have an impact, as do
internal psychological factors like personality and stress.

86
 Understanding The Self take
The Sexual Response Cycle IS a model that describes the physiological responses that
place during sexual activity.

According to William Masters and Virginia Johnson, the cycle consists of four
phases:

1) Excitement (desire/arousal)
2) Plateau
3) Orgasm
4) Resolution

vel urgea accor in reaponsi

In woruu) cuns or fantasies

Aronaal stage
A subjective sense of sexual pleasurd
Resolution phee and physiological signs o sexual arousal
mates, perile tumesgance (increased 1I
tloadinto the penis),in females, vasocongestion
iblood poo'sin the povic preatteadingto vaginal
ubrication ana breeat tumescence (urct nippies)

Orgasm phase
In mates, ta 1s of the inevitability of ejacutation Platoou phace
toflowed by ejaculation, in femaics, contractions of the Binet ponod occum before orgasm,
walls of the lower thind of the vagina

1.4. The Basic Biology of Sexual Behavior: Teen Sexual Behavior

change from child to adult is an especially dangerous time for adolescents
in
The

our society. From their earliest years, children watch television shows and movies
that

to the fullest
insist that "sex appeal" is a personal quality that people need to develop
(focusas.com/SexualBehavior-Range.html, 2008). While adolescents and their parents
generally agree about many issues and aspects of life, they hold strikingly different views
on

sex. Parents, based on their perspective from greater experience, urge caution and restraint.
Adolescents, experiencing strong sexual desire for the first time and eager for all pleasures
and indulge (Tria, et al.,
life can offer, are frequently tempted to throw caution to the wind
with
2012). TV, movies, and music are not the only influences -- the Internet provides teens
seemingly unlimited access to information on sex as well as a steady supply of people
can remain
willing to talk about sex with them. Teens may feel safe because they
anonymous while looking for information on sex., Sexual predators know this and
manipulate young people into online relationships and, later, set up a time and place
to meet.

87
 Desire phase
Saxual urges occur in response
to saxual cues or fantasies

Arousal stage
Asubjective sense of sexual pleasure
Revolution phase and physiological signs of sexual arousal
Decreaan in arpunal cocurs a in males, penile tumescence (increased flow of
pats cularl in meni. vasocongestion
blood into the penis): in females,
(blaad pools i the pelvic area) leading to vaginal
lubrication and breast lumescence teract nipples)

Orpasm phase
In males, feelings of the inevitability of ejaculation. Plateau phase
followed by ejaculation, in females, contractions of the Brief paried occurs before orgasm
walls of the lowe: third of the vagina.
 2. Human Sexuality

sexual intercourse.feelings,important
It IS an
Sexuality is much more than sexual feelings or
part of who a person
is and what she/he will become. It includes all the thoughts.
and being in love, as
and
behaviors associated with being female male, being attractive
or
well
as being in relationships that include sexual intimacy and sensual and sexual activity. It
also
includes enjoyment of the world as we know it through the five senses: taste, touch,

211) The Five Circles of Sexuality

Sensuality is
awareness and feeling about your own body
and other
people's bodies, especially the body of a sexual
partner. Sensuality enables us to feel good about how our
bodies' look and feel and what
they can do. Sensuality also
allows us to enjoy the pleasure our bodies can give us and
others.

2) Sexual Intimacy is the ability to be emotionally close to

another human being and to accept closeness in return. Several
aspects of intimacy include sharing intimacy, caring about
another, liking or loving a
person, emotional risk-taking and
vulnerability to a loved one.
3) Sexual identity - is a person's understanding of who he/she is
sexually, including the sense of being male or of being female.
Sexual identity consists of three "interlocking pieces" that,
together, affect how each person sees him/herself. Each
4)
"piece" is important. Un
Reproduction and Sexual Health These are a person's
capacity to reproduce and the behaviors and attitudes that
make sexual relationships healthy and enjoyable.
5) Sexualization is that
aspect of sexuality in which people
behave
sexually to influence, manipulate, or control other
people. Often called the "shadowy" side
of human sexuality,
sexualization spans behaviors that range from the
relatively
harmless to the sadistically violent, cruel, and criminal.
sexual behaviors include flirting, seduction, withholding
Thesefrom
sex an intimate partner to punish him/her or to get
something, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, and rape. Teens
need to know that no one has the right to
exploit them sexually
and that they do not have the
right to exploit anyone
else
sexually.

Sexuality in adolescent youth (ages 13 to 19)-Once youth

have reached puberty
and beyond, they experience increased interest in
romantic and sexual relationships and in
genital sex behaviors. As youth mature, they experience strong emotional attachments to
romantic partners and find it natural to express their feelings within
sexual relationships.
There is no way to predict how a
particular teenager will act sexually. Overall, most
adolescents explore relationships with one another, fall in and out of love, and participate in
sexual intercourse before the age of 20.

88
 2.2 The
Chemistry of Lust, Love and Attachment
There are physiological and psychological aspects in being
turned on, being in love and attached to
another person. The
chemistry of lust, love and attachment lies in
our brains, which is the
humans' most
important sex organ'" The unexplained mechanism
responsible for sexual attraction hes in the brain and not in the genital
areas.

Lust This is a phase which IS driven by the sex hormones

testosterone and estrogen in both men and women. Estrogen and"
Testosterone are the two basic types of hormones present
equally in
men and women's body that
excite the feeling of lust within the
brain.

Attraction. This phase is said to be one of the beautiful moments of life. This is the phase
when a person actually starts to feel the love. This is the amazing time when you are truly
love-struck and can think of little else. Scientists think that three main neurotransmitters are
involved in this stage; adrenaline,
dopamine and serotonin.

Attachment - is a bond helping the couple to take their relationship to advanced levels. It

instigates the feeling of bearing children and falling in love with them wholeheartedly.
Scientists think there might be two major hormones involved in this feeling of attachment;
oxytocin and vasopressin.

3. The Diversity of Human Sexuality.

There are many "rules" about what men and women can/should do that have
nothing to do with the way their bodies are built or function. This aspect of sexuality IS
especially important for young adolescents to understand, since peer, parent, and cultural
pressures to be "masculine" or "feminine" increase during the adolescent years. Both young
men and young women need help sorting out how perceptions about gender roles affect
whether they feel encouraged or discouraged in their choices about relationships, leisure
activities, education, and career.

Gender bias means holding stereotyped opinions about people according to their
gender. Gender bias might include believing that women are less intelligent or less capable
than men that men suffer from "testosterone poisoning," that men cannot raise children
without the help of women, that women cannot be analytical, that men cannot be sensitive.
Many times, people hold fast to these stercotyped opinions without giving rational thought
to the subject of gender (advocatesforyouth.org, 2008).

Since 1975, the American Psychological Association has called on psychologists to

take the lead In removingthe stigma of mental illness that has long been associated with
lesbian, gay, and bisexual orientations. The discipline of psychology is concerned with the
well-being of people and groups and therefore with threats to that well-being. The prejudice
and discrimination regularly experienced by people identified as lesbian, gay, Or bisexual
have been shown to have negative psychological effects.

89
 Whatis Sexual Orientation?

Sexual orientation
refers to an enduring pattern
of emotional, romantic, and/or
sexual attractions to men, women. or both sexes. Sexual orientation also refers to a person's
sense of identity and membership in
based on those attractions, related behaviors,
community of others who share those attractions.
How
do people know if they are lesbian. gay, or bisexual?
According to current scientific and understanding,
the core attractions
that form the basis for adult professional
sexual orientation typically emerge between middle
childhood
and early adolescence These attraction may
arise without any
patterns of emotional, romantic, and sexual
prior sexual experience. People can be celibate and still know their sexual
orientation -be it lesbian, gay, bisexual or heterosexual. Different lesbian, gay, and bisexual
people have very different
know experiences regarding their sexual orientation. Some people
that they are lesbian, gay, or bisexual for long time before they actually pursue
relationships with other people.
Some people engage in sexual activity (with
same-sex
and/or other sex
partners) before assigning a clear label to their sexual orientation. Prejudice
and discrimination make it
difficult for many people to come to terms with their sexual
orientation identities, so claiming a lesbian, gay, or bisexual identity may be a slow process.

What about sexual orientation and coming out during adolescence?

Adolescence is a
period when people separate from their parents and families and
begin to develop autonomy. Adolescence can be a
youths may question their sexual feelings.
period of experimentation, and many
Becoming aware of sexual feelings IS a normal
developmental task of adolescence. Sometimes
adolescents have same-sex feelings or
experiences that cause confusion about their sexual orientation. This confusion appears to
decline over time, with different outcomes for different
individuals. Some adolescents desire
and engage in same sex
behavior but do not identify as lesbian. gay, or bisexual, sometimes
because
of the stigma associated with a non-heterosexual orientation
Some adolescents
experience continuing feelings of same-sex attraction but do not
engage in any sexual activity
or may engage in heterosexual behavior for varying lengths of
time. Because of the stigma associated
same-sex attraction or many
with same-sex attractions, many youths experience
years before becoming sexually active with partners of the
same sex or
disclosing their attractions to others. For some young people, this process of
exploring same-sex attractions leads to a lesbian, gay, or
bisexual identity. For some,
acknowledging this identity can bring an end to confusion. When these young people
receive the support of parents and others, they are often able
lives and move through the usual process
to live satisfying and healthy
of adolescent development. The younger a person
is when she or he acknowledges a non-heterosexual identity, the fewer internal and external
resources she or he is likely to have. Therefore, youths who come
out early are particularly
in need of support from parents and others.
Young people who identify as lesbian, gay, or
bisexual may
be more likely to face certain problems, including being bullied and having
negative experiences in school. These experiences are associated with negative outcomes,
such as suicidal thoughts, and high-risk activities, such as
unprotected sex and alcohol and
drug use. On the other hand, many lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths appear to
experience no
greater level of health or mental health risks. Where problems occur, they are closely
90
associated with experiences of bias and discrimination in their environments. Support from
and
important people in the teen's life can provide a very helpful counterpart to bias
discrimination.

3.1. Sexual Health and Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections

The factual information about reproduction iS necessary so youth will understand
how male and female reproductive systems function and how conception and/or STD
infection occur. Adolescents often have inadequate information about their own and/or their
partner's body. Teens need this information so they can make informed decisions about
sexual expression and protect their health. Youth need to understand anatomy and
physiology because every adolescent needs the knowledge and understanding to help
him/her appreciate the ways which his/her body functions

(advocatesforyouth.org/publications/lpe/index.htm, 2008).
Sexual intercourse
MISCONCEPTION AVING SEX
Sexual intercourse is one of the most
all reens are having sex
common behaviors among humans. Sexual
having sex makes you matured and an adult
intercourse is a behavior that may produce sexual O

pleasure that often culminates in orgasm in something is wrong with an older teen (17-
19) who is not having sex
females and in males. Sexual intercourse may
a girl can't get pregnant fishes
also result in pregnancy and/or STDs.
menstruating
In programs for youth, discussion of sexual
• a girl cant get pregnant ifntts her first time
intercourse is often limited to the bare mention of
o you are a virgin as long as you don'! have
male-female (penile-vaginal) intercourse. sexual intercourse -oral sex doesn't count
However, youth need accurate health information Oral sex is not sex
about sexual intercourse vaginal, oral, and anal.

Premarital Sex
FACTORS THAT ENCOURAGE HAVING
Is sexual activity practiced by people
who are unmarried. It can be any sexual relations
a person has prior to marriage. The alternative Having poorly educated parents
terms for premarital sex have been suggested, Unsupportive family relationships

including non-marital sex (which overlaps with Lack of Parental supervision

• Friends who are sexually active
adultery), youthful sex, adolescent sex,
• Poor school grades/poor academic
and young-adult sex.
performance
Poor spiritual exercises (not hearing
2014 Pew study on global morality
A
mass, lack of church involvement
found that premarital sex was considered Engaged in risky leisure activities
particularly unacceptable in"predominantly
Muslim nations". such as Indonesia, Jordan, Pakistan and Egypt, each having over 90%
disapproval, while people in Western European countries were the most accepting,
with Spain, Germany and France expressing less than 10% disapproval.

People who have premarital sex are recommended by health professionals to take
precautions to protect themselves against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such
as HIV/AIDS. There is also a risk of an unplanned pregnancy in heterosexual relationships.

91
 C_ Understanding The Self=
Sexually Transmitted
Diseases/Infections
These are also known as Venereal Examples of
Diseases (VD).
They are passed through sexual
contact or genital
oral sex and anal
through vaginal intercourse, genital herpes
sex. The term STI evolved from chancroid
"venereal disease" genital warts
crabs (pubiclice)
disease",
to "sexually transmitted
then "sexually transmitted infection" hepatitis B
mollusoum contagiosum
scabies
which has a broader
range of meaning: that it can
Trichomoniasis(Trich)
syphilis
be passed without disease. (You don't have to be Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
ill
to infect others). Trichomoniasis (parasitic Infection)
Pulvic Infiammatory Disease (PID)
HIV/AIDS
HIV
is "Human Immunodeficiency Virus" This is retrovirus--genetic info @RNA
than DNA.
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS and it is preventable and manageable but not
curable. AIDS is "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome". Since this is a syndrome, there
are several manifestations of the breakdown in body's immune system and have developed
in people who have been infected by HIV.
How do people get AIDS? AIDS is developed through:
1)
Bodily fluids (blood products transfusions, semen and vaginal fluids)
2) Intravenous (IV) Drug Abuse (sharing needles and use of unsterilized blades)
3) Sexual intercourse (unprotected vaginal, oral and anal sex)
HIV/AIDS Situationer:
In the
Philippines, here is the number of HIV/AIDS cases reported:
2000
case in every 3 days
2009 2 cases in each day
2010 5 cases in each day
2012 in every 3 hours (8 cases in each day)
2014 17
cases in each day
2015 22 cases in each day

Around the World, there are 448 million new infections of curable sexually transmitted
infections which occur yearly.

3.2. Teenage Pregnancy

This is pregnancy in human females under the
age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. THINK ABOUT THESE:
Pregnant teenagers face many of the same obstetrics
issues as other women. There are, however, Having SEX isn't always a healthy
choice, Impulsive decisions can lead
additional medical concerns for mothers aged below to ifelong problems: serious disease
15 years old. For mothers aged 15-19, risks are and infertility.
associated more with socio-economic factors than
Abstinence is an OPTION. Choosing
with the biological effects of age. In teenage not to engage in sexual contact with
pregnancy, there are risks of low birth weight, another person can be a very
premature labor, anemia, and pre-eclampsia are powerful personal choice,
connected to the biological age itself, as it was

92
 _ understanding The Self_
observed in teen
births. Every day in developing countries, 20,000 girls under age 18 give
birth.
This amounts to 7.3 million births a year. And if all pregnancies are included, the
number of adolescent pregnancies is much higher.

Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy Philippines World

Comprehensive sex education and access
to
birth control appear to reduce unplanned teenage leenage pregnancies about 15milliongirls
pregnancy. It is unclear if single intervention is most rise (0% ina period of aged 15 1q 19 and
effective. In the United States free access to a long ten years(PNA 2012) some million girls
acting form of reversible birth control along with
under 15 give birth
education decreased the rates of teen
pregnancies by every year- most1
around 80% and the rate of abortions
by morethan
75%. low and middle
income countries

Education (WHO 2014)

The Dutch approach to
preventing teenage pregnancy has often been seen as a model
by other countries. The curriculum focuses on values, attitudes, communication and
negotiation skills, as well as biological aspects of reproduction. The media has encouraged
open dialogue and the health-care system guarantees confidentiality and a non-judgmental
approach.

Abstinence only education

Some schools provide abstinence-only sex education. Evidence does not support
the effectiveness of
abstinence-only sex education. It has been found to be ineffective in
decreasing HIV risk in the developed world, and does not decrease rates of unplanned
pregnancy when compared to comprehensive sex education.

3.3 Family Planning/Responsible Parenthood

Philippine education, the concept of Family Planning is a mandatory topic in

In

the curriculum. Family Planning, also called Responsible Parenthood, is as old as

humankind. It is a simple way of regulating and spacing the births of children. It is giving
birth according to the health and economic conditions of the family, giving birth of the
mother according to her right age. Conception is not left to chance. Benefits derived from
Family Planning are identified as follows:

1. For the family to promote healthy, happy family.

2. For the mother - she can recover her health and strength after delivery.
3. For the child -a better chance of growing healthier and well cared.

Family Planning Methods / Methods of Contraception

Youth also need to know that traditional methods of preventing

pregnancy (that
may be common in that particular community and/or culture) may be ineffective in
preventing pregnancy and may, depending on the method, even increase susceptibility to
STDs. It should be determined what those traditional methods are, their effectiveness, and

93
 _Understanding The Self
their side effects and know traditional methods of contraception in a culturally appropriate
and informative way. fadvocmerheyouth.org publications tpeindet.him. 300

birth
A concept linked to family planning is contraception, also known as control
or device used to prevent pregnancy. It 1s also defined
and fertility control. This is a method

as a deliberate prevention of conception or impregnation. Family planning methods and/ Or

contraception methods are presented as follows:

1. Natural Birth Control employs natural control methods that people do to help
pregnancy are without the use of modern/artificial ways of
prevent an unintended
contraception. These require commitment when you make the decision, discipline and
self-control for it to be effective. These include abstinence, fertility awareness methods.
the rhythm, calendar or standard days method, outercourse and continued breastfeeding,
all
requiring discipline and responsibility which the Catholic Church approves.
2. Artificial Birth Control employs artificial control methods to help prevent
unintended
pregnancy use modem/contemporary measures such as contraceptive or
birth
control pills, diaphragm, male and female condoms, spermicide, cap,
today sponge, birth control patch, birth control shot, birth control implant, intrauterine
device (IUD), tubal
ligation/vasectomy, tubal implants and emergency contraception
pill.

Effectiveness

METHOD Implant, IUD. Vasectomy, Tubal methods

99%

Birth Control Shot

CON

BIRTH Birth Control Pill. Vaginal Ring

92-95%.

Condom, Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, Sponge 84-89%

94