Predictive Maintenance Practices of Induction Motor: V Venkatesh, D Vamsi Krishna, KV Kalyani, D K Panda

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International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)

Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

Predictive Maintenance Practices of


Induction Motor
V Venkatesh1, D Vamsi Krishna2, KV Kalyani3, D K Panda4
Centre for Mining, Environment, Plant Engineering and Operations (CME)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Hyderabad, INDIA

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Submitted: 05-08-2022 Revised: 11-08-2022 Accepted: 15-08-2022
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ABSTRACT reduce the downtime in handling faults and to
This paper proposes various approaches for the increase the efficiency/reliability of motors. In this
predictive maintenance of motors. Manufacturing context predictive maintenance performs an
industries spent a huge amount of money on important role to achieve reliability in the process.
rotating equipment. To keep the machine capable Since the Induction motor shares a vast majority in
of performing the desired task without breakdown, industrial applications, conditional analysis is to be
regular maintenance is to be practiced. Predictive followed on various parts of the motor to improve
maintenance is an essential technique to predict its efficiency. Conditional monitoring avoids
possible shortcomings in the early stage. The unplanned downtime by detecting and diagnosing
electrical signature analysis technique is a precise impending machine failures. This not only helps
analysis technique which is performed by using plant personals from reducing the catastrophic
current and voltage signatures from the motor failure but also allows companies to order parts in
feeder. It predicts possible fault occurrence in advance, schedule personnel and plan other repairs
different parts of the motor. Vibration analysis during the downtime. Various conditional
using acoustic monitoring devices deals to solve monitoring methods of predictive maintenance of
problem identification in motor positioning, soft Induction motor based on electrical and mechanical
foot case. Crucial power parameters like parameters along with the latest technologies are
harmonics, swells, transients, efficiency, etc. can explained in this paper.
easily be understood using the latest power and [1]. Predictive maintenance by Electrical Signature
motor analyzer. Computers are connected with analysis to Induction motor. Research gate
machines to take decisions without human October, 2012 Eric Leonardo Bonaldi, Levy ely
intervention in Industry 4.0 which improves asset de lecarda de Olivera, Jonas Guedes Borges da
life, ease of operation, and monitoring the Silva, Germano Lambert-Torresm and Luiz
equipment at a remote location is possible. Eduardo Borges da SilvaThis paper portrays
Predictive maintenance approaches using IOT various predictive maintenance methods by using
technology are explained. signature analysis techniques. Here current, voltage
KEYWORDS: Induction motor, Predictive signal is considered as a frequency signature
maintenance methods, mechanical & mechanical spectrum. The signature spectrum is transferred to
faults, Electrical signature analysis, Partial a spectrum analyzer after passing through a signal
discharge, IOT conditioner which removes irregular frequencies.
Fast Fourier Transfer tool is used in analyzing the
I. INTRODUCTION spectrum. After analyzing the obtained spectrum
Electric motor is an important rotating various possibilities of faults in the motor are
power source in the industry. Among which obtained.
Induction motor represent almost 90% of electrical [2]. Detection of Induction Motor Coupling
motors in production process. In its total life, a Unbalance and Misalignment via Advanced
motor goes through many faults, which effects the Transient Current Signature Analysis Universitat
output efficiency and performance of the plant. The Politècnica de Valencia, Research gate September
significance of predictive maintenance is to obtain 2018, JA Antonio-Daviu, Peter Popaleny. This
knowledge about the operating conditions of paper analyzes mechanical faults in an induction
equipment and to predict the possible fault. motor. Bearing failures, shaft misalignment, and
Industries are always working on newer tech incorrect assembly type mechanical problems are

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 599
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

assessed using vibration and thermography paper explains the continuous monitoring of partial
techniques. The author had conducted experiments discharge activity using different PD sensors.
on a test bench with 1.1 kW 4 pole induction motor Sensors like High voltage coupling capacitor
coupled with a DC machine enabled to set different (HVCC), High-frequency current transformer
load conditions for fault analysis. The experimental (HFCT), Transient earth voltage (TEV), and
results are showcased in graphs differentiating Rogowski coil are explained. Partial discharge
healthy motor and faulty motor. activity is a key technique in conditional
monitoring of HV motor. It provides actual data
[3]. Fluke 438-II Motor and Power analyzer related to the insulation condition of the motor.
displays various electrical and mechanical From the obtained data the condition of the motor
measuring parameters without any sensors and can be assessed without interrupting the running of
transducers. The handheld instrument can measure the machine. A shutdown or other preventive
different parameters of motor drive in a loaded actions can be planned which helps the plant from
condition. The obtained parameters are displayed unplanned breakdowns.
as bar graphs for ease of understanding.
[4]. Acoustic monitoring and background noise in II. PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE
industrial environment, Research Gate Conference METHODS OF INDUCTION MOTOR
paper June 2013, 286273695, Maciej Orman and Like all the rotating machines induction
Cajetan T. Pinto. This paper showcases motors are exposed to many different electrical,
monitoring and predictive maintenance technique mechanical, thermal, and environmental stress
for induction motors using acoustic technology. By which require thorough attention to make the
analyzing the sound emitted from the motor, faults machine work efficiently.
can be predicted. In an experimental study, the The most common electrical predictive
author used an acoustic microphone and camera for maintenance methods applied to detect faults in an
analyzing the sound of a healthy motor and a faulty induction motor are Electrical signature analysis
motor. Motor foot case arrangement had been (ESA), partial discharge detection, Motor current
altered to vary the fault level of the motor. signature analysis (MCSA), Extended park’s vector
Graphical representation differentiates the approach (EPVA), and Instantaneous power
amplitude, and frequency variation of both motors. signature analysis (IPSA). Similarly, mechanical
[5]. Predictive maintenance using IOT: IOT based predictive methods are vibration analysis, acoustic
predictive maintenance techniques enables the user analysis, and speed oscillations. By applying the
to maintain, monitor, optimize, and utilize the right maintenance practices, the service life of
assets in an effective approach. The real-time equipment, plant productivity and efficiency can be
monitoring feature allows better visibility of assets increased. The above-mentioned analysis is
and predict possible faults, identify faulty performed as predictive maintenance methods of
components, and track maintenance schedule. The induction motor.
latest IOT-enabled applications are explained in
this paper. III. FAILURES IN INDUCTION
[6]. IR Thermography technology does thermal MOTOR
information analysis from non-contact thermal Any rotating part of the motor like
imaging devices. The emitted radiation in the bearing, shaft, and rotor is most frequently prone to
infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum is failure. Along with the rotating part, stator is also
detected. Heat development on the surface or any affected through faults due to overheating and other
part of the motor is one of the symptoms of the possible reasons. The figure shows the layout of
occurrence of a fault. Possible reasons for the induction motor with its input obtained from
progress of heat in equipment are, bearing fault, electric supply and output delivered to a
shot circuited winding, stator, rotor alignment mechanical load. During this transaction many
problems, etc. As a predictive maintenance activity, losses occur which are explained below:
all such problems can be analyzed from the thermal
condition on the equipment surface. Nowadays IR
cameras are mounted on drones for thermography
measurement of motors or loads installed away
from plants.
[7]. Detection of Partial Discharge Activity in H.V
Rotating Equipment, IJSRSET, Volume-3, Issue-1,
ISSN: 2394-4099, 2017, Hitesh B. Renuka. This

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 600
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

Faults in the coupling: Coupling


accessories like a pulley, and belt which are
attached to the load are affected with faults. In
most cases load is placed at a place far away from
the motor, which is connected using a belt or chain.
Several environmental factors come into
consideration as in most of the places these belts
are exposed to the atmosphere. Failure in these
accessories is directly responsible for the
requirement of high starting torque, higher inrush
Figure 1: Drive train of Induction Motor
current, etc. which contribute possible occurrence
of rotor and stator faults.
Bearing faults: Bearing is solely
Improper foundation support causes
responsible for the rotation of shaft and rotor of the
misalignment of the motor foot, which is also
motor. Most of the bearings do not achieve their
termed as soft foot. “Soft foot” is explained as
useful life. Its life is impacted by many reasons
improper contact between the machine cage and the
related to improper maintenance and poor
baseplate used to support it. This is a major cause
monitoring practices. Incorrect lubrication,
of problems in shaft alignment measurements. It
mechanical stress, incorrect assembly, miss
also causes mechanical vibrations, reduce the life
alignment, coupling system problems etc. are the
of electric motors and cause internal clearance
frequent cause of bearing failure. All other bearing
problem in gearboxes and pumps. Possible causes
parts like inner and outer races, cage, and balls are
of soft foot in the motor are dents in the base plate,
also affected by these faults.
dirt, trash unwanted materials under machine feet.
Rotor faults: The rotor of the induction
These problems can be minimized by taking care
motor is subjected to high temperature as compared
during the casting of foundation and foundation
to the stator winding. Most common reasons for
bolts and using laser guiding equipment for
faults are broken bars, broken end rings, rotor
positioning foundation bolts.
misalignment, and imbalance.
A graphical representation of faults in three phase
Stator winding faults: Due to the consequence of
induction motor along with weightage of stator,
overheating, misalignment, poor quality of
rotor and electrical, mechanical faults in stator and
construction and materials possible causes for
rotor are displayed below:
shorted coils of same phase, shorted turns, phase to
phase, open circuit, coil to ground, and single
phasing. Such failures cause stator current
imbalance as well as variation in harmonic current.
Mechanical problems in stator are like loosen edges
but the possibility of occurrence of such faults is
comparatively less.

Figure 3: Problems in Induction Motor

Figure 2: Possible Electrical faults occur in Stator

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 601
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

4.1 Electrical signature analysis


Here the electrical current is taken as a
signature which is further analyzed. ESA is a non-
intrusive analysis where there is no need to attach
any sensors to the rotating part of the motor. From
motor control center(MCC) the readings can be
taken. Other signature analysis which is obtained
using signals of current and voltage are Motor
Current signature analysis (MCSA), Voltage
signature analysis (VSA), and Extended Park’s
vector approach (EPVA). In all these above
analyses electrical motor acts as a transducer where
variations in voltage and current signals are
Figure 4: Problems in Stator analyzed concerning failure patterns. Working
principle of motor current signature analysis is
explained in this paper.

Motor current signature analysis (MCSA):


The operating conditions of induction
motor are analyzed with this technique without
interrupting the production. Electrical signal is
sensed in this analysis which contains current
components. MCSA detects the faults at an initial
period and avoids the damage and complete failure
of the motor. Here the acquired current signal from
one phase of the motor supply is processed further
to obtain a frequency spectrum which is usually
Figure 5: Problems in Rotor termed as “current signature”. MCSA uses this
current signature of the machine for locating fault
IV. PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE frequencies of the machine by comparing with the
USING VARIOUS ANALYSIS frequencies of individual components. The
frequency spectrum of faulty motor and the healthy
TECHNIQUES.
motor is found different when a fault is present.
Objective of predictive maintenance is to
MCSA results assists in identifying following
ensure correct maintenance practice at the right
faults:
time and to reduce the maintenance costs by
a. Misalignment/unbalance
detecting the faults at an early stage. In order to
b. Winding health
carry out the analysisdifferent tests of motor
c. Rotor bar damage
current, voltage, vibration and partial discharge are
d. Foundation issues
conducted. The results of the tests helps to predict
e. Eccentricity
when the motor needs to be replaced. Various
f. Load faults
methods as mentioned above in (SL.3) are applied
g. Stator mechanical/electrical faults
on different parts of the motorare shown below:
h. Defective bearings
i. Coupling health
Drive Train Analysis In this technique, an induction motor is
Mechanical used as a transducer which allows the user to
imbalance in Motor MCSA evaluate the electrical and mechanical parameters
frame from the panel and consists primarily of one of the
Power Supply Power Quality three phases of the supply current of the motor. The
Bearing faults Vibration obtained current signature is further processed
Insulation faults in using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) tool. As the
Partial discharge
Motor frame main motto of this analysis is to perform testing
Stator Electrical when the motor is running, so the expert
EPVA
imbalance knowledge and data history of the behavior of the
Table1: Fault analysis technique of motor set (motor, transmission, and load) are considered.
components.

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 602
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

the sound emitted by the machine which is termed


as acoustic monitoring but background noise is one
of the disrupting factor. Diagnosing by noticing the
abnormal sound “by ear” since many years with the
existence of background noise. It requires
judgmental skill and experience to detect such
faults.
As a modern solution, acoustic cameras
can solve the problem by identifying the sound
source and quantifying it. It produces an image of
the acoustic environment through the processing of
Figure 6: Block diagram of Motor current the multidimensional acoustic signals received via
signature analysis process microphone array to overlay that acoustic picture
on the display screen.
4.2Power quality Analysis of Motor The acoustic holography technique is used to
Fluke motor and power analyzer monitor, estimate the sound field near a source by measuring
record, and analyze the electrical and mechanical the acoustic parameters by microphone array. A
parameters of the motor feeder. It offers a full vibration and acoustic study is conducted on two
range of power quality features that helps the induction motors for condition monitoring in a
facility managers and engineers to understand noisy environment. One motor is healthy and the
where and when dangerous and destructive other has static eccentricity with soft foot case.
transients, harmonics, sags, and swells arise. Along The distortion caused by one or more foot
with power quality and power parameters the of a machine's height differs from others is termed
analyzer also measures mechanical parameters like as soft foot. As a part of the study, vibration
rated speed, torque and calculates motor efficiency sensors and an acoustic microphone are positioned
of the loaded motor without any torque sensor and near the machine and the output graphs of two
tachometer. The analyzer measures various machines are plotted. The plotted graphs show the
parameters by connecting rated CT’s and voltage visible variation between its amplitude and
terminals to the power terminals of the motor frequency. The machine with static eccentricity and
feeder following all safety precautions.As a soft foot case shows a rise in the amplitude with the
predictive maintenance practice the analyzer same frequency as applied to the healthy motor.
diagnoses potential problems and minimize the
down time of equipment maintenance.

Figure 7: Power and motor analyzer connecting to


a motor feeder circuit. Figure 8(A): Vibration spectrum of healthy motor

4.3Vibration Analysis using Acoustic


Monitoring of Motor
Monitoring and diagnosing of motors is
very crucial in industries to prevent unpredictable
shutdowns of electric machinery. One of the
possibilities of predicting the fault of motor is by

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 603
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

Partial discharge (PD) occurs in high


voltage (HV) electric equipment like motors,
generators, transformers, and cables. The spark
occurs inside the equipment due to damaged or
poor insulation levels. In industrial high voltage
devices, PD occurs due to poor insulation either
inside the equipment called internal PD, or on the
surface of the equipment called external PD.
Microscopic air-filled voids which remain in the
insulation during the manufacturing process, and
improper handling act as a possible causes of
internal PD. When the local electric field stress
exceeds the breakdown strength of air it is termed
external PD. Environmental factors like poor air
clearance, and contamination on the end-windings
act as possible causes of external PD. External PD
can easily be detectable, as a deposit of white
Figure 8(B): Vibration spectrum of motor with powder is observed on the insulation.
static eccentricity and soft foot case PD generates a short duration temperature
spike and emits UV light which stresses the
insulation. Assessment of the condition of electrical
insulation can be done by detection and monitoring
of partial discharge activity. PD occurs in stator
winding of the motor can be measured by HFCT,
HVCC sensor at the switchgear end of the supply
cable. Various sensors are used for monitoring PD
in rotating equipment depending on the attachment
of the sensor and features of PD pulses. High
voltage coupling capacitor (HVCC), High-
frequency current transformer (HFCT), are some of
the sensors having high relative sensitivity for
online monitoring of PD.
HFCT stands popular among other
sensors due to its flexibility and easy installation.
Figure 9(A): Acoustic spectrum of healthy motor Mutual inductance of coil and rate of change of PD
current are the deciding factors for measuring PD.
It detects PD signal with higher frequency (>10
MHz). With High-frequency sensing, the CT can
be placed with a cable connecting motor from a
remote location. The output of the CT is passed to
measuring equipment to study thelevel of PD.

Figure 9(B): Acoustic spectrum of motor with Figure 10: HFCT sensor schematic diagram
static eccentricity and soft foot case
HVCC sensor is designed for testing and
4.4 Partial Discharge Detection using sensors. monitoring PD. The sensors are installed
permanently on each phase of the machine MCC

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 604
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

panel, for periodic spot testing or connection to a


continuous online PD monitoring system. It is
available up to 30 kV of operating voltage. Single
coupler and twin coupler installations are two
modes of sensor connections. Coaxial signal
connection cables are taken out to an external
sensor connection box on the side of the machine
allowing PD measurements to be made at any time
without the need for any outage.

4.5Predictive maintenance using IOT


Industry 4.0 stands for fourth industrial
revolution which is defined as new level of
dominance over the entire value chain of life cycle Figure 11: Simotics Connect linked to a motor
the products. It revolutionizes the application of
new technologies like Internet of Things (IOT), Other predictive maintenance parameters
Artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and like maintenance, and motor overhauling period
machine learning in manufacturing industries to forecast are displayed. Any fin cooled three-phase
improve manufacturing productivity and asynchronous motor in line operation with DOL or
maintenance activities. The introduction of IOT VFD converter operation. The device is made of
and other technologies transforms conventional galvanized stainless steel material which is IP 54
factories into smart factories which are equipped protected and is externally mounted on the motor’s
with smart sensors, embedded software, and cooling fan with a glued mounting bracket. It has a
robotics. This practice involves collection of shock resistance of max. 100m/s2. It is powered
machine data such as operating temperature, supply with a battery pack with AA type of batteries. The
voltage, current and vibration through sensors. collected data is stored in its cloud storage.
Wireless transmission of the collected data is Wireless networks like WLAN and Bluetooth are
transferred to a cloud based centralized data storage used for data transmission.
platform in real time. Collected data is analyzed by
using predictive analytics programs and machine
learning algorithms to derive actionable insights
and helps to detect errors immediately rather than
at later stages when repair work becomes more
expensive.

“SIMOTICS CONNECT” is a sensor and


communication module, integrated with sensors
that digitally monitor the condition of the motor to
make it transparent. It facilitates application and
process optimizations of low voltage motors. The
major monitoring application is to visualize the
motor health status and data analytics of the Figure 12: Cloud data storage architecture of
observed parameters using its proprietary software. Simotics Connect
Measured parameters of the motor are temperature,
radial/tangential/axial vibration, electrical stator “Machine Monitor” technology
frequency, and slip frequency. It has a temperature application developed by SIEMENS keeps track of
measuring range of -40°C to +85°C with a maintenance needs for any machine based on its
resolution of 0.03°C and a vibration measurement real usage. It allows the user to create customizable
range of 0.02 to 180mm/s. Along with this maintenance rules for each machine type and
calculated motor parameters are motor (on/off), activates them for continuous monitoring of the
rotation, speed, torque, electrical power, energy machine. It generates an advance notification for
consumption, number of starts, and hours of maintenance work that is due soon. Each service
operation. line can be analyzed through its trend prediction
also required instructions are available in quick
access.

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 605
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

“Energy Manager” technology


application developed by SIEMENS creates more
transparency about energy consumption in
manufacturing industries. Its consumption analysis
algorithm helps the user to reduce energy costs. It
gives an overview of the information of machines
used at a global level which allows to benchmark
energy consumers and visualize optimization
potential. The analysis tool helps to visualize costs,
energy consumption, and CO2 equivalents from its
dashboards. This tool creates a Sankey diagram for
energy supply which gives a holistic overview of
the production. Figure 14: Thermography output of motor

4.6 Predictive maintenance using Infrared As a non-destructive testing method, it


thermography provides valuable information about surface
As per NFPA (National fire protection temperature, surface moisture, air leakages,
association) report, 10% of the fires occurring are equipment physical status, etc. With this
associated with electrical system failures like information, an expert engineer can easily examine
failure of terminals, electrical insulation, and the condition of equipment from a remote location.
associated components. The infrared thermography A radiometric thermal camera is mounted on a
technique is gaining importance as an efficient drone, it gathers non-contact temperature
analysis technique. Performing infrared testing on measurements from an aerial perspective. Internal
Motors, electrical panels, transformers, power insulation faults, stator, and rotor faults lead to a
cables, etc. using the latest Thermographic rise in the external temperature of a motor,
equipment highlights the possible problems with negligence in attending to the issue may burn the
electrical infrastructure under load during the motor windings. In most industrial applications,
testing process. This is one of the best technologies motors are installed away from the load centers.
for predictive maintenance of electrical Continuous monitoring of such motors is difficult
installations and frontline troubleshooting. This test for the maintenance team. Drone technology will
can be performed as a standard practice at regular solve this problem as a periodic maintenance
intervals of time. The results of the test showcase assessment tool.
the abnormal temperature patterns of the electrical It is also beneficiary for inspection,
equipment. The output of the thermograph can be hotspot detection, survey, and progress monitoring
examined by various color patterns, blue color of solar PV panels, electrical transmission, and
represents cold, green color is approximately room distribution lines, street lights, buildings, etc.
temperature and darker color like red indicates the Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence
hotness of the equipment hotspot. (AI) technologies with drones transform the
gathered aerial data into instantly actionable
insights, the data also integrates with other
enterprise systems to generate reports.

V. CONCLUSION
This paper concludes with various
predictive maintenance techniques for conditional
monitoring of induction motors in industries. The
objective of the context is to disseminate important
concepts of maintenance to guide industrial users to
have their predictive maintenance group or want to
hire external specialized consultants which deliver
Figure 13: Thermography imager good results through predictive maintenance
practices. Latest technological advances like IOT,
thermal cameras, etc. are explained here and are to
be utilized for efficient conditional monitoring of
machines.

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 606
International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 8 Aug. 2022, pp: 599-607 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

REFERENCES
[1]. Eric Leonardo Bonaldi, Levy ely de
lecarda de Olivera, Jonas Guedes Borges
da Silva, Germano Lambert-Torresm and
Luiz Eduardo Borges da Silva- Predictive
maintenance by Electrical Signature analysis
to Induction motor. Research gate October,
2012.
[2]. JA Antonio-Daviu, Peter Popaleny-
Detection of Induction Motor Coupling
Unbalance and Misalignment via Advanced
Transient Current Signature Analysis,
UniversitatPolitècnica de València. Research
Gate September 2018.
[3]. Fluke 438-II Motor and Power analyzer
operational manual
[4]. Maciej Orman and Cajetan T. Pinto
Acoustic monitoring and background noise
in industrial environment, Research Gate
Conference paper June 2013, 286273695
[5]. “SIMOTICS CONNECT 400” Technical
data sheet.
[6]. Fluke Thermal Imagers datasheet
[7]. Hitesh B. Renuka, Detection of Partial
Discharge Activity in H.V Rotating
Equipment, IJSRSET, Volume-3,Issue-
1,Online ISSN:2394-4099, 2017

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0408599607 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 607

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