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Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2023

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1)
Paper 2C
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January 2023
Question Paper Log Number P71894A
Publications Code 4CH1_2C_MS_2301
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
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General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather
than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to
the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader
must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) name of the part of this atom labelled A nucleus 3

number of the group that contains this element 2

number of the period that contains this element 3

(b) (i) 4 1

(ii) (species X has) three more protons than electrons / ALLOW (the atom which 1
three fewer electrons than protons formed species X has)
lost three electrons
IGNORE refs to Group 3

(iii) M1 same number of protons / both have 17 protons IGNORE all refs to 2
electrons

M2 different number of neutrons / one has two

neutrons more / one has 18 neutrons and the other
has 20 neutrons
ALLOW “same atomic
number, different mass
number” for (1) mark

Total for question = 7

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) B 1

A, C and D are not the correct answers as metals

conduct electricity when solid

(ii) D 1

A is not the correct answer because diamond will

not conduct electricity when molten
B is not the correct answer because diamond will
not conduct electricity when solid or molten
C is not the correct answer because diamond has a
much higher melting and boiling point

(iii) C 1

A is not the correct answer as A is a solid at 600°C

B is not the correct answer as B is a liquid at 600°C
D is not the correct answer as D is a solid at 600°C

(b) (i) 5/five 1

(ii) 32/thirty two 1

Total for question = 5

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) B 1

A is not correct because mixing sodium sulfate and

potassium nitrate does not produce an insoluble
salt.
C is not correct because mixing sodium chloride and
ammonium nitrate does not produce an insoluble
salt.
D is not correct because mixing sodium hydroxide
and potassium sulfate does not produce an insoluble
salt.

(b) M1 filter (the solid lead sulfate) If the method starts 3

with crystallisation
then, max (2)
M2 wash / rinse (with deionised / distilled water)

M3 leave (in a warm place) to dry ALLOW leave on a

windowsill / dry using
filter paper / dry in a
(warm / drying) oven

If the reaction mixture

is just heated to
dryness, score M3 only

(c) (i) 6 points plotted ± half a square 1

(ii) smooth curve of best fit through, or within a 1

square, of all points

(iii) M1 working shown on graph ALLOW any evidence of 2

temperatures marked
on graph eg dots / lines

M2 solubility at 90°C – solubility at 30°C Expected answer of 74-

82 scores 2 provided
some working is shown
on graph

If no working shown,
score M2 only

Mark ECF on (ii), even if

a straight line is drawn

Total for question = 8

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) M1 crude oil is heated / vapourised ALLOW boiled 4
REJECT burned
M2 vapours / gases / compounds / hydrocarbons
rise up the column

M3 the column is hotter at the bottom than the top ALLOW temperature
gradient of the column
ALLOW different
temperatures at each
level
ALLOW fractions with
lowest boiling point rise
to the top
IGNORE refs to gradient
in density of molecules

M4 vapours / compounds / hydrocarbons condense ALLOW vapours /

at their boiling point compounds /
hydrocarbons /
condense at different
heights
ALLOW the vapours /
compounds /
hydrocarbons /
fractions have different
boiling points
IGNORE melting point

(ii) kerosene = aeroplane fuel / fuel for heating ALLOW fuel for lamps / 2
fuel for cooking

bitumen = road tar / tarmac / (waterproofing) roofs ALLOW road surfacing /

road making

(b) (i) M1 breaking down long-chain hydrocarbons / long- REJECT polymers 2

chain molecules / long-chain alkanes IGNORE refs to
separation

M2 to form shorter chains (of alkanes / alkenes / ALLOW to break (C-C)

hydrocarbons) bonds

(ii) M1 (ethene is unsaturated because it has a) double 3

(C=C) bond

M2 (ethene is a hydrocarbon as it contains) REJECT carbon and

hydrogen and carbon (atoms) hydrogen molecules

M3 only M3 dep on mention of

carbon and hydrogen in
M2
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(iii) M1 add bromine water ALLOW bromine solution 2

NOT just ‘bromine’

M2 which decolourises / turns colourless M2 dep on mention of

bromine in M1
IGNORE starting colour
of bromine
IGNORE clear
NOT just ‘changes
colour’

If reaction takes place

in presence of uv, then
score M1 only

Total for question = 13

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) M1 layers / rows of atoms / (positive) ions REJECT molecules 2
IGNORE refs to
electrons
M2 can slide over one another

(b) (i) M1 ions REJECT electrons 2

M2 can move M2 dep on ions in M1

(ii) M1 positive sodium ions / cations / Na+ (ions) are ALLOW move 2
attracted (to the negative electrode) REJECT atoms / metal

M2 where they gain electrons OR where they are ALLOW balanced ionic
reduced equation (Na+ + e  Na)

(iii) 2Cl− → Cl2 + 2e− ALLOW 2Cl− − 2e− → Cl2 1

(iv) sodium is more reactive (than hydrogen) / higher in ALLOW (in aqueous 1
the reactivity series (than hydrogen) solution) hydrogen ions
are discharged /
hydrogen is produced

(c) M1 mass of copper = 3.81g and mass of oxygen = 3

0.96g

M2 moles of copper = 0.06 and moles of oxygen = M2 allow ECF from M1

0.06 but only if Ar for copper
and oxygen are used

M3 ratio = 1:1 M3 dep on M1 and M2

but must be 1:1 ratio

IF Ar is divided by mass,
then M1 only scores

Total for question = 11

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) REJECT more than one 1
molecule or group
circled

(ii) 2

M1 ester linkage (COO) correctly displayed

M2 rest of the molecule correct M2 dep on M1

(iii) ethyl ethanoate 1

(b) M1 the forwards and the reverse reactions occur at 2

the same rate

M2 the concentrations of reactants and products REJECT concentrations

remain constant of reactants and
products are the same
ALLOW amounts

(c) (i) (concentrated) sulfuric acid /it is a catalyst 1

(ii) Any 6 of the following: 6

M1 rinse the burette with sodium hydroxide

M2 fill the burette with sodium hydroxide

M3 make sure that the jet / space between tap and ALLOW no bubbles in
tip contains liquid the burette

M4 add (a few drops) of indicator (to the conical ALLOW any named
flask) indicator except
universal indicator

M5 add (sodium hydroxide) from the burette until ACCEPT any stated
the indicator changes colour (permanently) colour change

M6 swirl the conical flask ACCEPT shake

M7 add (sodium hydroxide) dropwise close to the

endpoint

M8 record initial and final volume on burette ALLOW record volume

of solution added

M9 repeat until concordant results ALLOW repeat until two

results are ± 0.2 cm3
Total for question = 13
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) M1 two electrons between nitrogen and each of the ALLOW any symbols 2
four hydrogen atoms used for electrons

M2 two electrons between the two nitrogen atoms, ALLOW each non-
and a non-bonding pair on each nitrogen bonding pair shown as
two separate electrons

(b) (i) M1 (3×158)+(12×391) 2

M2 5166 kJ 5166 kJ without working

scores 2
IGNORE sign of final
answer

(ii) M1 (12×391)+945 2

M2 5637kJ 5637 kJ without working

scores 2
IGNORE sign of final
answer

(iii) −471 (kJ/mol) ECF on b(i) & b(ii) 1

If final answer is +ve do
not penalise lack of sign

(iv) An explanation that links together the following two 2

points:

M1 bond breaking requires energy / is endothermic, “bonds” only needs

bond formation releases energy / is exothermic mentioning once

M2 more energy released than taken in / making

bonds involves more energy than breaking bonds
“more energy is given
out when bonds are
made than is taken in
when bonds are broken”
scores (2)

(c) M1 amount of nitrogen gas = 1570÷24000 OR 4

0.06542 (mol)

M2 amount of ammonia = 0.0654×4 OR 0.2617 (mol) ALLOW M1×4

M3 concentration of ammonia = 0.2617 ÷ 1100x1000 ALLOW M3÷1.1

= 0.237878….

M4 0.238 (mol/dm3) Must be 3 sig figs to

* score M4

answer of 0.238
(mol/dm3) scores 4
marks with or without
working

Total for question = 13

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