Kluemper - Michael - L - Berkson - Lisa - Patton - Nathan - Patton - Nobuko A - Part1 PDF

Michael L.
Kluemper, Lisa Berkson, Nathan Patton, Nobuko Patton
T UT T L E Publishing
Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore
Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 1 7/18/11 9:33 AM

We would like to dedicate this book to the never-ending support, inspiration, and patience of
our families and friends, sensei and students—past and present.
Special thanks for the generous cooperation given by Heizaburou and Natsuko Ebata, and
Hisaho Onodera in recording the audio. Special acknowledgement of Paul and Miriam Ash,
Yuko Betsukawa, Rick Britton, Rebecca Evans, Sakino Imaruoka, Kaede Kato, Fumiko Kikuchi, Kaori
Miyashita, John Sparks, Akiko and Calder Miyamoto, Manami Imaoka, Morgan Mulberry, Amy Noblitt,
Paul Gatchell, Miki Sawaoka, friends in Omonogawa, and the many others
who have assisted in so many ways in this endeavor.
Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.
www.tuttlepublishing.com
Copyright © 2010 Michael L. Kluemper, Lisa Berkson, Nathan Patton, Nobuko Patton
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written
permission from the publisher.
Illustrations by Boya Sun and Keiko Murakami
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To the Learner
Welcome to Beginning Japanese. This first step on your journey to Japanese language proficiency will set you well on
your way. This book will teach you how to:
• read and write all hiragana and katakana

• read and recognize 150 kanji
• use Japanese to describe basic details of your own life, including family, school, hobbies, likes and dislikes, and
daily activities
• answer questions in Japanese about your daily life with low-level to mid-level fluency
• use Japanese to ask a friend about his/her family and daily life, and invite them to join you in an activity such
as shopping
• describe a person or a situation using a variety of adjectives in Japanese
• skim and scan written Japanese passages for important content and meaning
• respond to short written communications, such as e-mail messages, in Japanese
• make a short oral presentation in Japanese about a hobby or a recent event
• talk at a basic level about Japanese geography, history, and culture
Be sure your seatbelt is on, and get ready to enjoy the journey of a lifetime as you learn this exciting language and
experience the culture from which it comes!
The Authors

Contents
To the Learner ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Goals and Guidelines ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1 Introductions and Getting Started 16

東京へいきます！
とうきょう
1-1 Going to Tokyo! Pronunciation and learning hints.................................................. 17

日本
にほん
1-2 Land of the Rising Sun Writing .............................................................................................. 23

私はキアラです。
わたしきあら
1-3 I am Kiara. Self introductions ........................................................................... 27

こちらは母です。はは
1-4 This is my mother. Introducing others, questions and punctuation basics ............ 34
こんばんは。
1-5 Good evening. Greetings and asking “which one” ............................................... 40
よくできました。
1-6 Well done! Useful classroom commands and expressions .......................... 47
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ort Chapter 1 Passport Stamp .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
1
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New Word Checklist ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48
2 Family and Friends in Tokyo 52

それは何ですか。なん
2-1 What is that? My family and things, counting to ten and counting people ... 53
こちらはベン君のお母さんです。べんくんかあ
2-2 This is Ben’s mother. Others’ families, counting from ten to one hundred ................ 61
このバッグにおみやげがあります。どうぞ。
ばっぐ
2-3 The souvenirs are in this bag. Here you go. Specifying which one, using direct objects ................................ 68
そのえんぴつとけしゴムを二つ下さい。ごむふたくだ
2-4 Please give me that pencil and two erasers. Classroom objects and counting things ...................................... 73
お母さん、晩ご飯は何ですか。
かあばんはんなん
2-5 Mom, what’s for dinner? Homonyms and abbreviations ..................................................... 78

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New Word Checklist ..................................................................................................................................................................... 82
4 Contents

3 The Ins and Outs of Schools in Japan 86
いいえ、小学校
しょうがっこう
はありません。
3-1 No, there is no elementary school. Schools and to have, the basics of adjectives and adverbs .... 87
社会と音楽と英語があります。
しゃかいおんがくえいご
3-2 You will have social studies, music and English. Subjects and telling time ............................................................... 96
次は何時間目ですか。
つぎなんじかんめ
3-3 What period is next? Class periods and club activities ............................................... 105
今日、宿題はありません。
Negating the verb あります, but, and the basics of weather ..112
きょうしゅくだい
3-4 There is no homework today.

むし暑
あつ
いですね。
3-5 It’s muggy, isn’t it. Expanding on weather and expressive speech ........................117
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3
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New Word Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................... 123
4 People and Places of Nagasaki 127

何人
なにじん
ですか。
4-1 Where are you from? Ethnicity and countries ............................................................... 128
何語
なにご
を話
はな
しますか。
4-2 What language do you speak? Languages, counting flat things and pages, introduction to
〜ます verbs ................................................................................ 135
私はここで食
た
べません。
4-3 I won’t eat here. Eating and drinking, places of action ....................................... 140
私は江戸
えど
に行
い
きます。
4-4 I will go to Edo. Going, coming, and returning .................................................... 146
この寿司を食べて下さい。
すした
4-5 Please eat this sushi. Reviewing verbs ............................................................................151

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4
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New Word Checklist ....................................................................................................................................................................157
5 Time in Nara 160

毎週月曜日の 12時に私に、電話して下さい。
まいしゅうげつようびでんわ
5-1 Please telephone me every Monday at 12:00. Days of the week and schedules ................................................161
アメリカ
私も、あめりか
で、漢字をちょっと勉強
べんきょう
しました。
かんじ
5-2 I also studied some kanji in the U.S. Months and past tense of verbs ................................................ 168
朝から、晩まで、ずっと食べます。
あさばん
5-3 I eat from morning all the way until night. Days of the month and years, from ~ until ~
(time and place) ........................................................................... 175
先週も、
せんしゅう
あちこちに行きました。
5-4 Last week too, we went here and there. This week, next week, last week, every week/month/year .....181
5-5 Verb Review ....................................................................................................................................................................... 187

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Contents 5

6 Body Parts and Clothing in Hiraizumi 191
頭がとてもいいです。
あたま
6-1 You are very smart. Body parts and strength ............................................................. 192
弁慶さんは、とても背が高いですね。
Physical attributes, the 〜て-form of verbs .............................. 200
べんけいせたか
6-2 Benkei is very tall, isn’t he!

お茶を飲んでもいいですか。
ちゃ
6-3 May I drink some green tea? Health and asking and granting or denying permission .........210
私達は洋服を着ています。
ようふく
The present progressive tense: 〜て-form + います and the

き
6-4 We are wearing Western clothing.

negative present progressive: 〜て-form + いません................216
弁慶さんに会
あ
って、たくさん話して、歴史を勉強しました。
べんけいはな
6-5 We met Benkei, talked a lot, and studied history. Multiple actions using the 〜て-form ........................................ 222
れきしべんきょう
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7 Hobbies in the Ancient City of Heian-kyou 229

僕の趣味は食べる事です。
ぼくしゅみたこと
7-1 My hobby is eating. Hobbies and the basics of plain form verbs ............................ 230
キアラさんは、
日本が大好きですね。
7-2 Kiara, you really love Japan, don’t you? Likes and dislikes, what kind of… ............................................ 238
キアラさんは、
日本語がとても上手です。
To be good or bad at something and the particle が ............ 245
じょうず
7-3 Kiara’s Japanese is very good.

友さんの銀色の着物も、かっこいいですよ。
ぎんいろきもの
7-4 Tomo’s silver-colored kimono also looks great! Colors as adjectives and additional adverbs ........................... 252
僕も、雅楽はとてもかっこいいと思います。
ががく
7-5 I also think that gagaku is really cool! I think… ......................................................................................... 258
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8 Adjectives in Amanohashidate 265

海がきれいですね。
い and な adjectives .................................................................. 266
うみ
8-1 The ocean is beautiful, isn’t it?

この海はもっときれいでした。
8-2 This ocean used to be prettier. Past tense of adjectives .............................................................. 273
これは美味しくありません。
おい
8-3 This is not delicious. Negatives and negative past tense of adjectives ................... 281
漬物は、美味しくありませんでした。
つけものおい
8-4 The pickles were not tasty! Adjective Review .......................................................................... 287
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6 Contents

9 Purchasing and Giving Gifts in Edo 293
買い物をします。
か
9-1 I’m going shopping. Shopping, ordering, and counting money ................................. 294
はい、一冊 1,025円です。
Shopping expressions, more counters, で to mean “for” ....... 301
いっさつえん
9-2 Yes, one volume is 1,025 yen.

もっと大きいスリッパはありますか。
9-3 Are there bigger slippers? もっと (a little more…) and the particle の to replace nouns .. 309
私はベン君に、おせんべいと漫画をあげます。
まんが
9-4 I will give senbei and a comic book to Ben. Verbs of giving and receiving ......................................................315
これは、私の妹がくれました。いもうと
9-5 My younger sister gave me this. To give ............................................................................................321

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10 Meeting Basho in Kanazawa 327

明日も晴れでしょう。
あしたは
10-1 Probably tomorrow will also be sunny. Weather and seasons .................................................................. 328
「ここで一緒に、食事をしませんか。
」しょくじ
いっしょ
10-2 “Won’t you have a meal here with us?” Won’t you…, let’s…, shall we… .................................................. 335
日本語を、
もっと勉強したいです。
〜たい (I want to…) .................................................................... 341
べんきょう
10-3 I want to study Japanese more.

まだ起きたくないです。
〜たくない (I do not want to), short announcements, まだ….... 345
お
10-4 I do not want to wake up yet.

食べ物も、飲み物も、たくさん持って行きましょう。
10-5 Let’s take a lot of food and drinks. To bring and take ..........................................................................351
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10
hapter
Kanji List ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 359
Appendix 1: Grammar References

Verb Conjugation Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 362
Verbs by Chapter ........................................................................................................................................................................ 362
Counters ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 363
Question Words .......................................................................................................................................................................... 365
Adjectives & Adjective Conjugation Summary....................................................................................................................... 365
Adverbs & Time Words .............................................................................................................................................................. 366
Particles ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 366
Noun Categories ........................................................................................................................................................................ 367
Appendix 2: Japanese Names ........................................................................................................................................................ 367
Appendix 3: Food and Drinks ........................................................................................................................................................ 367
Appendix 4: Classroom Objects .................................................................................................................................................... 368
Japanese-English Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................. 369
English-Japanese Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................. 377
Contents 7

Goals and Guidelines
Performance Goals Language Points Culture Kanji
Chapter 1: • pronounce Japanese vowels and • particles は, か • showing respect 木　本　日
Introductions and syllabary • は〜ですstatements • name order 東　京　語
Getting Started • recognize the difference between • relative pronouns 私　父　母
Chinese characters and hiragana • じゃ　ありません気　元　人
休
• introduce yourself politely
• make simple statements and
questions
• use greetings appropriately
• understand classroom commands
Chapter 2: • describe your family and the • particles の, と, を, • lucky and unlucky 何　家　兄
Family and Friends families of others and も numbers 姉　弟　妹
in Tokyo • count up to 100 and count objects • counters • Tokyo neighbor- 一　二　三
• specify relative location of people • verbs of existence: hoods 四　五　六
七　八　九
and objects あります/います
十　百　犬
• make polite requests and offers • use of ください/
どうぞ
Chapter 3: • talk about daily class schedules • negative verb endings • the Japanese school 高　小　中
The Ins and Outs • tell time • particles を, に, and system and calendar 大　学　校
of Schools in • make contrasting statements using で (by means of), and • school club activities 年　先　生
Japan DEMO the sentence ending • Shinto shrine torii 山　英　国
音　楽　今
• engage in small talk about the particles よ, ね and
分　書　寺
weather ねえ時　門　間
• use of the conjunc- 下　暑　寒
tion でも (but) 神　社　風
友
Chapter 4: • inquire about nationality • non-past and non- • Tokugawa period 言　外　話
People and Places • discuss languages spoken in past negative of • geography of Kyushu 食　飲　物
of Nagasaki various countries verbs • foreign trade and 車　行　来
• talk about eating and drinking • summary of verb influence in early 帰　見　聞
• use the verbs for going, coming, forms introduced and 17th-century Japan
and returning used at this point
• particle で for place
of action
• particles へ and に
for place of direction
Chapter 5: • make affirmative and negative past • affirmative and • Nara, its history, and 前　午　後
Time in Nara tense statements and questions negative past tense historic sites 良　月　火
• use a variety of time and date of verbs • imperial reign 水　金　土
words to talk about past, present, • particle に to periods and dating 曜　千　末
毎　電　達
and future schedules indicate a specific • Japanese festivals
週
• state your birth date time and holidays
• the から - まで
pattern
8 Beginning Japanese

Please visit TimeForJapanese.com for detail on how Beginning Japanese aligns with
the standards set forth by organizations such as the Japanese National Standards Task Force,
ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages), and others.
Performance Goals Language Points Culture Kanji

Chapter 6: • name basic body parts and de- • adverbs • geography, history, 体　目　口
Body Parts and scribe someone’s physical features • the ~て form of and products of 耳　手　足
心　持　待
Clothing in • inquire about someone’s health verbs Hiraizumi, Iwate
強　平　和
Hiraizumi • request, grant, and deny • particle で (by means Prefecture, and 低　太　医
permission of) Tohoku 者　薬　着
• talk about wearing clothes and • the ~ています • Yoshitsune and his
accessories (present progressive retainer Benkei
• ask what someone is doing and [~ing]) form of verbs • Chinese and
respond with a series of actions Japanese medicine
Chapter 7: • discuss your hobbies, and your • the particle が • Heian period culture 花　池　趣
Hobbies in the likes and dislikes • dictionary form • Murasaki Shikibu 味　事　好
上　色　白
Ancient City of • state what you are good at and • negative adverbs and The Tale of Genji
黒　赤　青
Heian-kyou what you are poor at • “...と思います ” • waka 歌　思
おも
• point out different colors
• state your opinion using “I think...”
Chapter 8: • describe objects and scenes using • adjective conjugation • geography and 美　長　短
Adjectives in い and な adjectives in the history of 海　安　悪
面　天　立
Amanohashidate present, past and negative Amanohashidate
昔　々　有
conjugation • Japanese folk tales, 広　島
including Urashima
Tarou
• onomatopoeic words
Chapter 9: • go shopping, ask prices, and • noun + SHIMASU • hanga and ukiyoe 買　売　店
Purchasing and purchase goods expressions • Hokusai and other 万　全　部
円　暗　明
Giving Gifts in • understand and use common • もっと (comparative) famous ukiyoe
Edo shopping expressions • use of の to replace artists
• talk about what you gave someone, nouns • Japanese bathing
and what sort of present you • verbs of giving and rituals
received receiving • gift-giving practices
Chapter 10: • talk about and predict the weather • DESHO • history and attrac- 春　夏　秋
Meeting Basho in • politely invite a friend to do • the ~たい form tions of Kanazawa 冬　石　使
作　当　桜
Kanazawa something • まだ + negative verb • the poet Basho
• accept, or decline, an invitation • hanami (cherry
• say that you want, or don’t want, to blossom viewing)
do something • the song “Sakura”
• note that something has not
happened yet
• talk about bringing someone, or
taking something, somewhere
Goals and Guidelines 9

Introduction
In Beginning Japanese some of the characters you meet are learning Japanese along with you. You will be able to interact
with them, learn what they learn, and have a great time exploring Japanese language, history, and culture. The first person
that you will meet is Kiara. She’s about to arrive in Japan from the U.S. and will be attending a Japanese high school for
the next year, maybe longer. That is, until a sudden change of plans occurs.
Many of you will be using this text to study a foreign language for the first time. Some of you already speak one or
two other languages. Either way, as you go through this text, you will find some hints and techniques that will help the
learning process. You might have heard people say that Japanese is a hard language to learn. The authors and characters
of this textbook say that if you are interested in Japan and the Japanese language, Japanese will definitely be the easiest
language for you to learn! It is going to take some time before you can consider yourself fluent, but the doors that are
about to open for you will reveal fantastic treasures. Be ready for them!
This series is designed to help students take their language learning experience to the next level: Beginning Japanese
will help you improve your understanding of the language and how this language, specific to this culture, developed and
exists today. Historical aspects of Japan, its people, traditions, society, and culture are embedded into this series. This
is done to give you, the learner, a clearer understanding of this unique language and the contexts in which it is used.
Using This Book

Beginning Japanese is based on “natural language acquisition” principles. When learning a language “naturally,” the learner
is exposed to much more information than he/she actually needs to answer questions, meet personal needs, or to ac-
complish tasks. Thus, when using this series, it is important for teachers to reinforce the fact that students do not need
to understand every word to participate in a conversation, glean necessary information from signage, a passage, or print
news, or function in a foreign situation. With this in mind, the manga, dialogues, and journal entries in Beginning Japanese
are designed to complement each other. Material has deliberately been included that is not explicitly explained or de-
fined. This is because that information is not necessary for comprehension of the main ideas and details of the section
(it may be explained in a subsequent lesson). This mimics the natural learning process in that the learner often grasps
the general outline of material before examining it carefully and sequentially.
Anyone who experiences a new language can testify that you don’t have to be fluent in a language to express yourself
on a basic level or to understand general meaning. Conversations about when a train leaves, where the restroom is, or
how much a t-shirt costs happen every day between people who do not share a common language. If the person speak-
ing and the person listening are good communicators, information can be shared and understood. In fact, this sort of
exchange often makes for a memorable experience. Skill with another language, however, allows you to delve much deeper
into a culture and to more easily make new friends across cultures. Both the disc included with Beginning Japanese and the
website TimeForJapanese.com include additional listening practices and should be utilized by teachers as they see fit.
Beginning Japanese is the first step in a language learning series designed to give you a more natural experience in Japanese
language acquisition. Aspects of this book and the accompanying web and audio resources include language beyond
what is expected of you at any given point in your learning process. Through exposure to words, characters, sights, and
sounds provided through this text and its supplementary materials, you will come to have a deeper understanding not
only of Japanese language, but also of its culture, sights, sounds, and history.
This series is different from other learning sources in that:
1. KANJI characters (non-phonetic) are taught from the first lessons. In traditional materials, often students are ex-
pected to master the two phonetic “alphabets,” hiragana and katakana, prior to the introduction of kanji.

The kanji characters include FURIGANA, phonetic guides below each kanji to help you read the new characters
and to give assistance where needed. To challenge yourself, don’t just rely on the furigana guides; rather, con-
sciously cover up the furigana readings with your hand or a piece of paper while reading. This will help your reading
skills improve enormously. Eventually, the furigana disappear from the text; if you have been weaning yourself off
of them as you progress, you will not even miss them and will realize that it’s much easier to read Japanese without
this aid. For many, learning to read kanji and exploring ways to use them and learn vocabulary through them can
be a very enjoyable part of the process.
2. Visuals are presented in a manga format and in photographs. The manga bring the characters in the story to life
and help you interact with historical figures for a contextualized learning experience on a wide range of topics. The
photographs provide authentic exposure to what Japan really “looks” like. They provide a source for conversation
and contribute to your mastery of the vocabulary.
3. An engaging story is woven through the pages of the book and website. The story provides information about
Japan’s culture, history, and historical figures, and it offers a level of language learning that increases in difficulty
as your language skills improve. This increase in difficulty challenges you and offers opportunities for practicing
real-life skills.
Learning Strategies
For Western language speakers, the study of Japanese is generally a more abstract process than learning a European lan-
guage. It may be difficult, at first, to make any intuitive leaps in your learning. Therefore, it is important to find construc-
tive ways to organize the new information you will be learning. This organization process is useful not just for learning
Japanese, but when studying any new language or content area.
Since new material, including language, can be learned in a variety of ways, it is crucial that you, the learner, find
the most effective method for you to memorize vocabulary and other unfamiliar information. Try to use as many of your
senses as you can. For example, writing down and saying out loud what you write lets you use more than one sense: you
are moving your hand, you are seeing the words on paper, you are speaking, and you are hearing. Learning strategies
like this will help you retain the information in a more intuitive way and speed up your learning so that you can naturally
use new vocabulary and grammatical structures in your repertoire of linguistic tools. Here are some ideas for studying
material effectively and producing it from memory when needed.
• Figure out what type of learner you are: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, or verbal. Then make your strengths work
for you.
• Use flashcards. Flashcards for the vocabulary in this book can be downloaded on the TimeForJapanese.com
website.
• Print out and use the kanji and vocabulary learning charts found on TimeForJapanese.com.
• Type your vocabulary words in Japanese, including their English meanings. Typing a word in Japanese helps you
better understand unique Japanese language characteristics like long and short vowels and double consonants.
Hiragana and Katakana

Beginning Japanese hiragana and katakana learning booklets are available on the disc (“Kana Booklet”) and at TimeFor
Japanese.com. These are the basic phonetic character sets used in Japanese and are necessary to learn as you begin your
study. Your goal should be to complete the kana booklet as quickly as possible so that your progress through the textbook
will be smoother and more efficient. This edition does not contain romaji (Roman-letter) pronunciations for the Japanese.
However, the first two chapters with romaji pronunciation guides are available on the “Beginning” page of TimeForJapanese
.com.
Introduction 11

Graphic Organizers
Use graphic organizers to organize your new Japanese vocabulary in different ways. When you place linguistic parts into
different sorts of categories, it helps you remember vocabulary and sentence patterns.
Again, it is important for you as a beginning Japanese learner to find ways of organizing new material so that you
can quickly locate, and use, the appropriate vocabulary word, kana, or kanji as you need it. A few graphic organizers you
might try include grouping by:
• first, end, or overall sounds
• a-i-u-e-o order
• part of speech (verbs, adjectives, nouns, etc.)
• meaning (things that move, that you eat, that you drink, that are blue, etc.)
• mapping (making a story map on paper)
• making charts or graphs
• making up songs
Visit TimeForJapanese.com regularly for additional downloads, practice exercises, review games, and other activities.
Be sure to send in ideas which you’ve found particularly helpful in your study, as well.
The Components
Beginning Japanese is made up of several component parts designed to assist you in gaining proficiency in the four com-
petencies of language: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Each chapter includes:
漫画 Japanese Comics
まんが
Each section begins with a manga. These manga generally include a dialogue or conversation between characters de-
signed to help give context to the conversations through visual clues. The dialogue is designed to be adaptable to situ-
ations that you may experience in your own Japanese language learning. It is important to realize that you will not know
all of the words you read and hear in this section however, this mimics real life and will help you develop your commu-
nication skills as it is a more natural way of learning language. The meanings of all words can be found in the glossary
in the back. Audio for manga and dialogues can be found on the TimeForJapanese.com website.
会話 Dialogue
かいわ
The dialogue from the manga characters is presented in this component as straight text, allowing you to view the con-
versation from a more literary perspective. Again, it is important to realize that you will not know all of the words you
read and hear in this section however, this mimics real life and will help you develop your communication skills as it is
a more natural way of learning language. The meanings of all words can be found in the glossary in the back. Audio for
manga and dialogues can be found on the TimeForJapanese.com website.
単語 New Words
たんご
Beginning Japanese vocabulary items are introduced through pictures as much as possible. There are two reasons for this:
1) to take advantage of the brain’s tendency to more easily associate images with meanings; and 2) to limit the amount of
“translating” done by students when internalizing meaning. Our hope is that beginning students will make associations
between the new vocabulary and the objects, ideas, and actions they represent rather than relying on translation. More
advanced learners often have developed more sophisticated memorization techniques and are better able to internalize

vocabulary meanings and need less visual support. The glossary in the Beginning Japanese textbook contains words taught
as “Vocabulary.” There are additional words in the Dialogue and Journal sections that do not appear in the New Words
section, but have been included in the glossary as supplemental vocabulary (denoted by an “s” after their Chapter/Sec-
tion code).
Kanji characters (see below) introduced in that section or prior ones are shown in blue in New Words sections.
漢字 Written Characters from China

かんじ
Beginning Japanese includes more kanji for students to learn than most introductory-level textbooks. One rationale for this
is the belief that the more exposure learners have to characters in contextual situations, the deeper the learning. Begin-
ning with Chapter 1, Beginning Japanese includes kanji that you will see and read in authentic Japanese materials such as
websites, books, products, and manga. It is uncommon to teach kanji such as 東 and 京 in the first chapter of a Japanese
textbook, however. There are several reasons for including kanji from the beginning.
1. These two kanji (東 and 京) mean “Tokyo” when placed together. Tokyo is the setting for the first three chapters
of this text and as such, appears often in these chapters. Furthermore, introducing these two kanji is an oppor-
tunity to teach other aspects of kanji learning.
2. Learning kanji requires different skills than learning vocabulary, sentence structure, and even hiragana/katakana.
It often appeals to a student’s creative nature and can be an exciting learning experience.
3. Learning kanji in conjunction with culture and language helps bring the language to life in a much more deep
and real way.
Pronunciation sub-scripts (guides below) rather than super-scripts (guides above) are provided to help you develop
your reading skills. Commonly used kanji characters, many of which originated as pictograms, are specifically taught to
you from the first lesson. As you advance through this series, you will learn how and when it is appropriate to use kanji,
and strategies to help you guess at their meaning from context. The way that written Japanese is used continually chang-
es. As is the case with English and other languages today, much written Japanese is created with the aid of electronic
devices, including computers and cell phones. Beginning Japanese takes these technological developments and changes
into account as far as expectations for passive and active kanji knowledge and reading abilities are concerned. The degree
to which you are required to use kanji increases gradually as you progress through the series. Written workbook exercises
and tests where kanji are to be produced will include kanji banks where needed, allowing you to choose the necessary
characters. Kanji that you see and write often will become very familiar to you, while you will probably refer to the kanji
banks for those kanji less commonly used by you personally. Gradually, though, as you work your way through Beginning
Japanese, you will be able to produce these kanji from memory.
Each kanji is introduced first by a large-sized example, with the stroke order numbered. In the box just to the right
of this large example is a guide to common pronunciations. This includes the most common and useful pronunciations
of kanji as well as others, which might prove to help you learn the kanji and vocabulary better. Kanji pronunciations can
vary depending on the context in which the kanji is used. The first examples are written in katakana (ex.: ホン). These
HON
pronunciations are called ON-YOMI, or “Chinese readings.” They are based on the original pronunciations of the kanji
used in medieval China. The pronunciations following the on-yomi are written in hiragana and are known as the KUN-
YOMI, or the pronunciations native to Japanese (ex.: もと ).
MOTO
To the right of the pronunciation guides the kanji is shown stroke by stroke. Learning and using the proper stroke
order when writing is very important as it later will help you more clearly understand new kanji and how to use a kanji
dictionary.
The box below the pronunciation offers some common usages of that kanji in vocabulary words. The most efficient
way to study kanji is in the context of vocabulary words where they appear, as opposed to studying kanji independently
of existing vocabulary.
Introduction 13

The final portion of each kanji section is a short story or mnemonic device to help you remember the kanji. We en-
courage you to think of even better and more creative ways to help remember each kanji. Please share your ideas with
TimeForJapanese.com so learning kanji can become even more fun and creative.
The workbook pages contain writing practice exercises that will help you fix each kanji into your memory. Of course,
you are welcome to do more kanji writing practice on your own—all over your notebook, for instance, or when you write
notes to your friends!
言葉の探索 Language Detection

ことばたんさく
Unlike many other language books, this component is not limited to grammatical explanations. It also offers contextual,
social, and cultural cues for how, when, and why the words and phrases being introduced are used. This component also
includes several examples of each pattern.
自習 Self Check
じしゅう
This component is designed as a quick-check test for you to complete orally by yourself, to confirm your understanding
of the patterns covered in the Language Detection section above. Doing this check orally allows you not only to read
Japanese, but also to say and hear the words, helping you better learn the pattern being practiced. Examine the tasks
and test yourself. If you are unsure of some point, reexamine the Language Detection section and ask your instructor
for clarification. Do this section out loud by yourself to see if you can complete the task before moving on to the next
component, which involves practice with a partner, in small groups, or as a class.
練習の時間 Time for Practice

れんしゅうじかん
This practice area provides an opportunity to apply the material introduced in the Language Detection component with
a partner, in a small group, or as a class. By the time you have completed this component, you should have a good un-
derstanding of the material covered in the Language Detection component and the new vocabulary in this section. If you
are unclear about any aspect of the new material, ask your instructor for clarification or additional examples.
文化箱 Culture Chest

ぶんかばこ
The Culture Chest offers additional information related to the setting or historical background of each section. More
information, including photographs and video links, can be found on the TimeForJapanese.com website. Click on the link
for the appropriate chapter. Teacher submissions and suggestions are invited.
キアラのジャーナル Kiara’s Journal

きあらじゃーなる
In the first section of this text you meet Kiara, the main character of this text. She is an American student who has stud-
ied Japanese for less than a year and who is embarking on her journey, just as you are, to learn more about Japanese
language and culture. Through her journals and the writings of other characters, you will learn, review, and be challenged
to use a variety of language strategies to understand and, to some extent, participate in the experiences on this very
atypical journey.
When you travel to Japan as a non-native speaker, you are bombarded with visual and auditory stimuli that must be de-
coded into something comprehensible to you. Essentially, this decoding happens through strengthening your translating
and interpreting skills. Sifting through all of the authentic sights and sounds you experience to comprehend the core
elements required to meet your needs is the process through which language is internalized and learned. As would hap-
pen in an actual experience in Japan, you will probably not understand everything you see and hear in this book or this
series, but you will develop coping skills and learn to sort out the main points, ideas, and details that you need.

These journal entries and other writings are designed to simulate what you might experience in Japan as a non-native
speaker of Japanese. Reading these, and searching for the “gist” of the passage, will develop and reinforce your interpre-
tive skills. Kiara’s story actually extends beyond the boundaries of this text. More details of her journey can be found at
TimeForJapanese.com.
The manga images and journal entries found in this text are designed to provide insight into Japanese history, culture,
and historical figures. The Japanese language, like all languages, has been constantly changing and evolving throughout
its long history. Some liberties have been taken in order to present language as it’s spoken in modern times, and to meld
past and present to give you, the learner, an engaging story in which you can learn with the characters.
テクノの時間 Techno Time

てくのじかん
This component of the series is designed to help you learn Japanese in a variety of ways that utilize technology. Comput-
ers, cell phones, and the Internet have made many aspects of Japan and the Japanese language easily accessible. Using
technology also helps reinforce your Japanese learning in many fun and interesting ways.
Digital Dictionary
One of the greatest challenges for the new language learner is remembering vocabulary terms. As you progress through
this series, you will be asked to keep a Digi-Dictionary, or digital dictionary. This dictionary will help you understand
subtle differences in the meanings and pronunciations of words, especially words that contain elongated vowels or
doubled consonants. It will also serve as your own personal reference tool and checkpoint. As you periodically review
the vocabulary collected in it, you will be able to see just how far you have come and just how much new vocabulary you
have learned!
単語チェックリスト New Word Checklist

たんごちぇっくりすと
Each chapter contains a comprehensive glossary where new words from that chapter are listed in the Japanese alpha-
betical (a-i-u-e-o) order by section. You will learn this alphabetical system in Chapter 1. If you have a question about
the English meaning of a vocabulary word, you can quickly find a translation in this section of each chapter. A complete
glossary for all the words in the New Word Checklists is also included in the back of the book.
Passport
Each chapter is finalized with a Passport component. The Passport challenges are included to provide a variety of tasks
for you to demonstrate your ability to participate in interpersonal communications and use presentational skills. Once
you have successfully completed each of these Passport components and received all ten of your Passport stamps, you
will earn your “belt,” or the certification needed to guarantee your successful completion of this book. Similar to the
practice of martial arts or other aesthetic experiences in Japan, your “belt” is the recognition that you are ready to make
the transition to the next level of study.
Workbook and Supplemental Materials
The workbook, TimeForJapanese.com, and disc material that accompany this book are designed to help check your un-
derstanding and to practice and apply previously learned and new material. Audio files for the text and activities can be
found in the disc material. All audio files (including updates), review activities, downloadable files, assessment activities,
and links for other content are available on TimeForJapanese.com.
TimeForJapanese.com
The web-based resource for this series, TimeForJapanese.com, contains additional learning content and practice tools.
TimeForJapanese.com is continually being updated and enhanced. Bookmark or save it to your favorites list on your
computer and visit it often.
Introduction 15

Introductions and
Getting Started 第 1 課
✓ Learning Goals ✓ Performance Goals

By the end of this chapter you will learn: By the end of this chapter you will be able to:
A) how to read and write Japanese words written in ROMAJI A) introduce yourself
(roman letters) and pronounce them correctly B) introduce others
B) how to introduce yourself in Japanese C) say things such as This is sushi or That is a book.
C) how to greet a person in Japanese appropriately D) respond to and give basic classroom commands
D) to respond correctly to your teacher when he or she gives E) read and write at least half of the hiragana and 13 kanji
you a common classroom command
E) a variety of learning strategies to facilitate your study of
Japanese
F) how to read and write at least half of the hiragana and 13
kanji
Narita Airport
Airport, Tokyo’s international airport
Beginning Jap_C1–16-50.indd 16 12/8/09 10:07:08 AM

東京へいきます！
TOUKYOUe I K I M A S U
第1課の1 Going to Tokyo!


K I A R A no J A - N A R U
Dear Journal,
I’ve been thinking about some things that my Japanese teacher told me before I left. I was only in
Japanese class for part of the semester before I had to leave, but I think that I got a pretty good start.
She said that when learning Japanese, there are several things to think about. One of these is to be careful
to practice good pronunciation. I really want to sound as much like a native Japanese speaker as possible,
so I paid a lot of attention to this part. Japanese pronunciation didn’t take me long to learn, because there
are only five basic vowels and nearly every other sound uses the same vowels, but with a consonant or hard
sound in front of them. The only sound that does not end in a vowel sound is the sound of the letter N. My
teacher said that vowels should not be drawn out when pronounced, but instead should be “short and clear.”
Here is a pronunciation guide:
あ or a as in father
い or i as in eat
う or u as in boot
え or e as in get
お or o as in go
Once you master these five vowel sounds, all of the remaining sounds (except for the “n” sound) are
consonant/vowel combinations. The chart below shows the sounds of Japanese. It is written vertically starting
on the right side, and reading from top to bottom. Japanese language can be written both horizontally like
English (left to right) and vertically, as seen in the charts below, writing from the top down and starting
on the right side and moving left. There are two charts because Japanese uses two writing styles: the
hiragana is used for Japanese words, and the katakana is used for foreign and scientific words as well as
onomatopoetic or mimetic words.
1A. Hiragana Chart
んわらやまはなたさかあ
HA
N WA RA YA MA NA TA SA KA A
(part. WA)
りみひにちしきい
RI MI HI NI CHI SHI KI I
るゆむふぬつすくう
RU YU MU FU NU TSU SU KU U
れめへねてせけえ
HE
RE ME NE TE SE KE E
(part. E)
をろよもほのとそこお
WO
RO YO MO HO NO TO SO KO O
(part. O)

1-1 Going to Tokyo! 19
2. Katakana Chart
ンワラヤマハナタサカア
N WA RA YA MA HA NA TA SA KA A
リミヒニチシキイ
RI MI HI NI CHI SHI KI I
ルユムフヌツスクウ
RU YU MU FU NU TSU SU KU U
レメヘネテセケエ
RE ME HE NE TE SE KE E
ヲロヨモホノトソコオ
WO RO YO MO HO NO TO SO KO O
Many of my friends have the impression that Japanese is difficult, but the pronunciation is actually
quite simple. This is one of the things that I really like about Japanese! Most sounds are pronounced just
like they look. Here are a few sounds that you have to be a little careful with:
す (su) as in soup
ち (chi) as in cheese
つ (tsu) similar to the “ts” in cats
ふ (fu) is pronounced not with an “f,” but like the sound you make
when you blow out a candle.
The “ra” line, ら、り、る、れ、and ろ, is 1B. Hiragana: Other Syllables

RA RI RU RE RO
different from the “r” sound in English, but is close to

the “r” sound in some other languages, such as Spanish.
ぱばだざが
My sensei said that it was more like a combination PA BA DA ZA GA
of the letters R/L/D all rolled up into one. It really ぴびぢじぎ
PI BI JI JI GI
isn’t difficult at all if you just concentrate on trying
ぷぶづずぐ
to sound just like your teacher or like the voice on PU BU ZU ZU GU
the audio files. ぺべでぜげ
PE BE DE ZE GE
There are a few other things you should know
ぽぼどぞご
about Japanese pronunciation.When you add two marks PO BO DO ZO GO
( “ ), called TEN TEN, or a small circle ( ゜), called
MARU, to the top right of a character (for example,
か
KA
→が
GA
or は→ぱ), the sound of the consonant
HA PA
changes.

The sounds above make up the building blocks of all sounds in Japanese. There are a few combinations
that change them slightly, but they don’t add to the length of the syllables at all when they are placed
together. They merely change the sounds. For example the KI and YO sounds following each other would be
きよ (KIYO), two syllables. When the second character is “half-sized” or smaller, though, the sounds are
combined, turning it into the one-syllable きょ (KYO).
1C. Hiragana: Combined Sounds
りみぴびひにちじしぎき
ゃゃゃゃゃゃゃゃゃゃゃ
RYA MYA PYA BYA HYA NYA CHA JA SHA GYA KYA
ゅゅゅゅゅゅゅゅゅゅゅ
RYU MYU PYU BYU HYU NYU CHU JU SHU GYU KYU
ょょょょょょょょょょょ
RYO MYO PYO BYO HYO NYO CHO JO SHO GYO KYO
Other important pronunciation points:
Some vowels are elongated sounds, which means they are held for twice as long. The difference between
the two is like this: いえ means house while いいえ , which has an elongated vowel, means no. With
I E I I E
katakana words, the elongated vowel sound is shown by a straight line after the katakana character. For
example, the first “A” sound in the word ジャーナル (journal) is pronounced twice as long as the second
J A - N A R U
“A” sound.
One other type of sound found in Japanese is the “doubled consonant.” To make this sound, you pause, or
freeze your mouth, for just a brief extra second between the sounds just before and after the small
TSU (っ). The small TSU (っ) is about half the size of the normal つ and does not have a specific sound
TSU
of its own. Here are a few words with doubled consonants: いっぱい (a lot) and きっさてん (coffee
I P P A I K I S S A T E N
shop). This isn’t hard to do. Just pay attention when your teacher explains how to pronounce the doubled
consonant and listen carefully to the audio files that come with this book.

1-1 Going to Tokyo! 21
単語 New Words
TAN GO
先生 (n) 日本 (n) 東京 (n) 日本語 (n) とうふ (n)

SENSEI NIHON TOUKYOU NIHONGO T O U F U
すし(n) つなみ (n) からて (n) すもう (n) 始めましょう (v)

SUSHI TSUNAMI K A R AT E S U M O U H A J I M E M A S H O U
Vocabulary Learning Hints

There are several methods of learning vocabulary words. The trick is finding out which method works best for you. When
learning anything new, the more of your senses that you use during the learning process the better, and the longer you will
retain the information. An example of this is how we use flash cards. Flash cards are one of the best ways for the begin-
ning learner to remember vocabulary. Many students make flashcards (you can also download flashcards from this book’s
website, TimeForJapanese.com) and think about the meanings in their heads. A more efficient way of using them is to say
each word out loud as you review it. This method has you reading, speaking, AND hearing each vocabulary word. And if
you’ve already written the word down, you have now used all four aspects of language learning and communication!
When learning vocabulary, cramming for a test might seem like a good way to learn the words quickly in the short
term, but as with other things, it’s easier and more efficient to learn words gradually and to build on them. Each word
has to be memorized and incorporated into your long-term memory. Associating words with pictures or with other words
that you already know is an excellent way to cement vocabulary into your knowledge base. This is the reason this book,
when possible, gives interpretations of Japanese words in pictorial form rather than translating. Then, when you need that
vocabulary word later, you can pull the picture out of your memory.
Finally, based on the “use it or lose it” concept, the more you use new words, the better you will remember them. Try
to use new Japanese words with your teacher, classmates, family, Japanese speakers, and anybody else who will listen to
you! If your goal is to memorize new vocabulary, do not worry whether your spoken Japanese is perfect or not, just try to
use the new words as much as possible even if you have a hard time making complete sentences. Study partners are great
for getting lots of focused practice as well. Find someone who wants to learn as much as you do!


Dear Journal,
I have been on this airplane for nearly 12 hours and am just about ready to land in 成田空港, Narita
NARITA KUUKOU
International Airport, the main international airport in 東京 . I’m really excited about living in 日本 for
TOUKYOU NIHON
the first time. I have wanted to go there for so long that I can’t believe that it’s really happening! My host
brother Jun and his parents are coming to the airport by train to take me back to their house in Tokyo. I
have a couple of days until I start school, which I am also a bit nervous about. But I’m excited, too, because
this is going to be such a cool adventure!
This airplane is huge. There are 10 seats from
side to side and it’s full of people from all over the
world. The nice woman next to me is on her way to
Japan, too. She lives in Sendai, a city in northern
Japan, and the person on the other side of her is
going to the Philippines.
I always thought that the flight path to Japan
would cross the U.S. and then the Pacific, but instead
we flew north over Canada and then Alaska. When I
asked the flight attendant, he said that our path was
actually the shortest route. I also can’t believe how
w
cold it is outside! The screen on the back of the seat in front of me shows that the outside temperature
at this altitude is REALLY cold. I can use the same screen to watch movies, or look at a map of where we
are, the current time at home and in Japan, how far we’ve come, and how far we have yet to go to our
destination. I think I’ve figured out which line on this screen tells the speed of the airplane. Which one do
you think it is?
I think that I’ve packed enough clothes for the entire year, but Jun told me not to worry about that
because there are some really good stores near his house. He says I’ll be able to get what I need there
if I forgot something. Jun is going to take me shopping for school supplies before school starts, so I didn’t
bring anything like that.
I did bring some candy, pencils and other things with my
school’s name on them to give to the kids in my class, and
some Western food for my new host family. I’ve heard that it’s
important to bring gifts called OMIYAGE, but I’m not sure if what
I brought is appropriate or not. My teacher gave me some good
recommendations, though. I know one of the most important
things is to welcome opportunities and enjoy new experiences. A
lot of my friends think I’m a bit crazy to do this, but I think it’s
going to be the best experience of my life. Here goes. The captain
just said that we’re landing in 20 minutes!!

日本
N I H O N
第1課の2 Land of the Rising Sun


Dear Journal,
こんにちは！ I’ve got to practice writing what I’ve learned, so I don’t forget. Writing Japanese is
K O N N I C H I wa
challenging, but I think it’s very interesting. Japan had no written language of its own until the 4th century
C.E., when Japan began interacting with China. After that, manuscripts, mostly religious, began to arrive
in Japan, via Korea, and the Japanese adopted more and more Chinese institutions, including its writing
system. Japanese monks and scholars adopted these characters from Chinese writing to write down their
own Japanese language. Japanese call characters of Chinese origin 漢字 . The process was difficult in the
KANJI
beginning, because the two languages don’t sound at all alike, but it works for the Japanese today. Besides,
the writing system is a lot of fun to learn.
Some KANJI resemble pictures, so it is really easy to guess what they mean. Studying kanji is fun. I
already have a stack of flash cards that I look at regularly. The more kanji you learn, the easier it is to
learn more, because the characters build on each other. For example, the kanji for tree is 木 . It looks a
KI
little like a tree with branches that stretch out and droop down. If you put two trees together, you have
the start of a small woods —— 林 ; if you combine three trees, you get a forest 森 . When a line is drawn
HAYASHI MORI
across the bottom of the vertical stroke in 木 , like this 本 , the bottom part, or what’s underground, that
KI HON
is, the roots, is emphasized. 本 means book or origin root/source as in the “source” of knowledge.
HON
The kanji for sun is 日 . The origin of this character is harder to guess. The character started out as a
NI
circle with a dot in it = but the shape changed over time into something more square, like 日. Note that
modern kanji do not have circles in them. When you put together the
mod
本 , that is, the origin of the sun, or the place where the sun
日 and HON
NI
rises, you get 日本 , or Japan, the “land of the rising sun.”
ris
NI HON
Although the origins of the writing system called HIRAGANA

are unclear, some believe hiragana were invented by a Buddhist
ar
monk named Koubou Daishi (774-835), who had traveled to China.
m
Hiragana were created by simplifying some of the characters of
H
Chinese origin and creating a group of phonetic syllables, similar
C
to an alphabet. This was a system that could be used to write all
spoken Japanese. They were useful because nearly anyone could
learn to read them. It had taken years to learn to read all of the
characters
t off Chinese origin. During the
t Heian Period (794-1185 C.E.), women in the emperor’s court wrote
with hiragana, and it came to be called “ 女手 ”, or women’s hand. There was a separate group of simplified
ONNA-DE
characters for the 46 basic Japanese sounds developed later called KATAKANA, which is currently used to
write foreign words and names in Japanese, such as ベースボール (baseball). Katakana is also used for
B E - S U B O - R U
scientific names of plants and animals, and the noises that they and other things make.
HIRAGANA and KATAKANA together are often called “KANA.”
I would really like the chance to meet someone like Koubou Daishi, but of course he’s been dead for
nearly 1,200 years, so that would be impossible ... right?

1-2 Land of the Rising Sun 25
漢字 Kanji
KAN JI
Below are the kanji that you will have to learn for this section. When kanji are presented as they are below, you will need
to learn how to read and write them. Be sure to pay attention to the numbers corresponding to the stroke order for each
character. Stroke order is a very important aspect of kanji writing and is critical information when using kanji dictionaries.
Learning correct stroke order might not seem that important at the beginning, but you will eventually understand why it
is so crucial.
Notice that most kanji strokes start in the upper left corner and eventually end in the bottom right corner. The basic
rule is to write strokes from left to right and from top to bottom. Make mental notes of exceptions to this rule when they
come up, such as in the first stroke of the kanji 千SEN
(1,000), which is written at a downward angle from right to left.
Soon you will notice that kanji are made up of parts called radicals. The more you can mentally break down a kanji
into its parts, the easier it will be to memorize it. It will be easier to learn new kanji as well, since the new kanji contain
some of the same parts (radicals). The kanji hints provided underneath each new kanji identify the parts that make up the
new kanji while also offering mental images to help you learn that new kanji. For instance, it will be much easier down the
road for you to memorize a potentially difficult new kanji such as “cherry tree.” 桜 is made up of parts which easily help
SAKURA
explain the overall meaning of the kanji. The left side (木 ) is a tree; the right side has a woman ( 女 ) sitting with three
KI ONNA
cherry petals floating down as she admires the spring display.
Here are your three KANJI for this section:
木　日　本
2 モク, き— tree
木
MOKU KI
1
3 4
木 — tree; 木曜日 — Thursday
KI MOKUYOU BI
4 strokes This kanji is a picture of a TREE, with a trunk and long sweeping branches.
ニ, ひ, にち — day; sun
日
2 NI HI NICHI
1
3
日(本) — Japan; 日 — sun, day
NI (HON) HI
4
This was originally a picture of the SUN that has been simplified over the years. It came to also mean DAY.
4 strokes This character appears as a part of many kanji related to time.
2 ホン— book, origin; もと — origin
本
H O N MOTO
1
4
3
本 — book; (日)本 — Japan; (日)本(語) —
HON (NI) HON (NI) HON (GO)
5 (松) MOTO
Japanese language;(MATSU) 本 — family/place name
The origin of all BOOKS is one (一) piece of a tree (木). 本 is also a tree (木) where the roots or ORIGIN at the
5 strokes bottom is emphasized. The term for Japan (日本) means “origin of the sun.”


Dear Journal,
We just landed, but we’re still sitting in the airplane. Taxiing toward the terminal seems to be taking
forever. The plane trip from Chicago took about 12 hours. It was really cool to fly over Alaska. I could see
snow-covered mountains and glaciers and then nothing but blue water, water, and more water, until the
green rice fields of Japan appeared.
My host family should be at the airport waiting to pick me up. They said that I have to go through
Immigration to get my passport stamped and then through Customs where they sometimes check your
luggage. My sensei told me not to wrap any of my OMIYAGE because customs agents might open them.
I have got to practice introducing myself to my host family. I’m kind of nervous about meeting them.
Besides Jun, there is his mother Mayumi, his father Tarou, his older brother Ichirou, and his little sister
Aiko. We have been e-mailing messages back and forth, and we did one videoconference, but it was early in
the morning at home and they were going to bed in Japan. We talked in both English and in Japanese. I’m
just going to try to remember what my parents always say, about how good communication means being
open to listening and not being afraid to respond. Well, we’re at the gate and people are unbuckling their
seat belts and getting up. HAJIMEMASHITE, HAJIMEMASHITE, HAJIMEMASHITE...

私はキアラです。
WATASHI wa K I A R A D E S U
第1課の3 I am Kiara.

会話 Dialogue
KAI WA
Male agent: 日本語が　わかりますか。

NIHONGO ga WA K A R I M A S U K A .
Kiara: はい、わかります。
H A I , WA K A R I M A S U .
Female agent: いい　ですね。Can you introduce yourself?

I I DESU ne.
Kiara: 初めまして。私は　キアラ　です。どうぞよろしく。

HAJIMEMASHITE. WATASHI wa K I A R A DESU. D O U Z O YOROSHIKU.
単語 New Words
TAN GO
はじめまして (v) 私 (pron.) 私達 (pron.) 僕 (pron.)

HAJIMEMASHITE WATASHI WATASHI TACHI BOKU
(note: used by
males only)
よろしくおねがいします – どうぞよろしくおねがいします – どうぞよろしく –

YOROSHIKU O N E G A I S H I M A S U DOUZO YOROSHIKU ONEGAISHIMASU DOUZO YOROSHIKU
best regards, treat me favorably polite for: best regards, treat me favorably
よろしくおねがいします (same meaning as:
よろしくおねがいします )
YOROSHIKU O N E G A I S H I M A S U
名前 (n) – name
NA MAE
〜先生 (n/suffix) – used immediately AFTER a teacher’s or doctor’s name

SEN SEI
〜さん (suffix) – used immediately AFTER a name (never use with your own name)
SAN
〜くん (suffix) – used immediately AFTER a boy’s name (never use with your own name)
KUN
は (part.) – particle that denotes the sentence topic

wa
です (verb copula) – similar to “is” or “am”

DESU

1-3 I am Kiara. 29
Classroom Commands and Questions
The top row of each command below is a simple command form of the verb (“Stand!”, for example), the second row is a
polite request (“Please stand.”), and the third row asks permission to do the action (“May I stand?”).
たってすわってみて
T A T T E S U W A T T E M I T E
たってくださいすわってくださいみてください

T A T T E K U D A S A I S U W A T T E K U D A S A I M I T E K U D A S A I
たってもいいですか。すわってもいいですか。みてもいいですか。

T A T T E mo I I D E S U ka S U W A T T E mo I I D E S U ka M I T E mo I I DESU ka
だしてひらいてとじて

DASHITE H I R A I T E TO J I T E
だしてくださいひらいてくださいとじてください

DASHITE K U D A S A I HIRA I T E K U D A S A I T O J I T E K U D A S A I
だしてもいいですか。ひらいてもいいですか。とじてもいいですか。

DASHITE mo I I D E S U ka H I R A I T E mo I I D E S U ka T O J I T E mo I I DESU ka
かいてきいてよんで

K A I T E K I I T E Y O N D E
かいてくださいきいてくださいよんでください

K A I T E K U D A S A I K I I T E K U D A S A I Y O N D E K U D A S A I
かいてもいいですか。きいてもいいですか。よんでもいいですか。

K A I T E mo I I DESU ka K I I T E mo I I D E S U ka Y O N D E mo I I D E S U ka

漢字 Kanji
KAN JI
When you get up in the morning and see the sun (日) behind a tree (木) like this (東), you are
looking east at the sunrise. 東 means east.
HIGASHI
Historically, large walls surrounded cities in China, where kanji originated. Each of the four city
walls had a large 門 or gate for people entering and leaving the city. This character for MON (門)
MON
looks like a gate, doesn’t it? On either side of the gate stood large lanterns, often made of stone,
similar to the one shown in the picture here. When you saw the large lanterns on either side of a
gate, you knew you were approaching the capital. The kanji for capital is pronounced KYOU (京).
Can you see the three legs and the small hole in the middle for candle light to shine through?
The second capital of Japan was the city of 京都 . Later, the capital was moved to the east
KYOUTO
(東) where it is now. The present-day capital is written 東京 , or eastern capital. Can you understand
TOUKYOU
the meaning by looking at these characters together?
Below you will find a list of kanji that you must learn for this section. Pay careful attention to the stroke order of each
kanji. Following along with the examples in the next several chapters and paying close attention to the samples will help
you understand exactly how to write other kanji. Be sure to use the kanji practice space in your workbook as instructed.
東　京　語
6 トウ; ひがし— east
東
1 TOU HIGASHI
3
2 4
5
東(京) — (eastern) capital of Japan;
8 TOU(KYOU)
7
東 — east (direction)
HIGASHI
8 strokes Think of the sun rising in the EAST behind a tree.
1 キョウ — capital
京
2 K Y O U
4
3 5
7
6 8 (東)京 — capital city of Japan
(TOU) KYOU
Think of the picture of the lantern described above. You can also think of the top two strokes as a top hat, the next three
strokes as a mouth (口), and the last three strokes as the kanji for small (小). Here is a person with a top hat talking
8 strokes loudly to politicians in the CAPITAL.
1 ゴ — language
語
8 GO
9
2 10
3
11
4
6 13 (日本)語 — the Japanese language
5 12 (NIHON) GO
7 14
The left side is the kanji meaning to say (言); the right side includes the kanji for 5 (五), which is pronounced ご
GO
and the
14 strokes kanji for mouth (口). If at least five people can use their mouths to say something in common, it must be a LANGUAGE.

1-3 I am Kiara. 31

KOTOBA no TANSAKU
1. Japanese grammar is relatively simple. Small parts of speech called “particles” show the “relationship” between the
words they connect. Imagine that particles are like the hitches that hold train cars together: nearly every word (train
car) has a particle (hitch) that connects it to the following word. You will see lowercase letters used for particles’
furigana in this book. Particles are not written smaller in Japanese, but the case difference is there in the furigana to
let you know that the characters above are particles. Check the appendix at the back of this book for a list of common
particles and their uses.
2. The particle は and です

• はWA
is often called a “topic marker.” The topic of a sentence is what is being spoken about. It is always followed by
the particle は, pronounced WA).
• ですDESU
acts like the English verbs “is,” “are,” or “am.” Verbs usually come at the end of the sentence in Japanese.
When these two are together, the は usually connects two words (these words can be nouns, pronouns, adjectives or
some combination) and gives the sentence an A = B meaning.
WATASHI wa KIARA DESU = I am Kiara.

A　は　 B　です。 = A is B.
例
REI
山川さんは先生です。
YAMAKAWASAN wa SENSEI DESU
= (Mr. or Ms.) Yamakawa is a teacher.
ここは日本です。 = This place is Japan.
E
X
E
AM PL
KOKO wa NIHON DESU
おすしはおいしいです。 = Sushi is delicious.

OSUSHI wa O I S H I I DESU
3. たち
TA CHI
例
For most nouns, Japanese does not distinguish between singular and plu- わたし → わたしたち
WATASHI WATASHI TACHI
ral. For instance, 名前 can mean name or names, depending on the context. REI
せんせい → せんせいたち
E
X
E
NAMAE AM PL
S E N S E I S E N S E I TACHI
Certain terms used for people, however, can be pluralized by adding the
ぼく → ぼくたち
suffix “〜たち ”.* Can you guess what these examples mean? BOKU BOKU TACHI
TACHI
*The tilde (〜) is used from time to time to let you know that something precedes or follows the word.

RENSHUU no J I K A N
1. Pair Practice
Use the example dialogue below to take turns introducing yourself to a partner and letting them introduce themselves
to you. When introducing yourself or when someone introduces himself or herself to you, it is proper to bow. With your
arms at your sides, bow from the waist, letting your eyes move toward the ground with your head and shoulders. There
are different degrees of bowing depending on the situation, but for beginners a good generic depth of your bow would
be about 45 degrees. A good time to bow is when either of you says the word はじめまして .
HAJIMEMASHITE
例
REI
A-SAN: はじめまして。僕はアダム (Adam) です。どうぞよろしく。
HAJIMEMASHITE. BOKU wa ADAMU DESU. DOUZO YOROSHIKU.
B-SAN: はじめまして。私はパメラ (Pamela) です。どうぞよろしく。

E
X
E
AM PL
HAJIMEMASHITE. WATASHI wa PA M E R A DESU. DOUZO YOROSHIKU.


BUN KA BAKO
1. Showing Respect
Japanese society is traditionally considered very polite and respectful. There are many ways that the Japanese
people show respect to each other. One example of this is the tradition of bowing. When Japanese people first meet,
they usually bow, rather than shaking hands. If a Japanese person is meeting a Westerner for the first time, the Japa-
nese person may wait until the Westerner extends his or her hand before deciding whether to shake hands or to bow.
Japanese teachers may nod their heads and make a slight bow when meeting their students in the hallway. Deep and
extended bowing is an inherent part of other Japanese rituals such as the tea ceremony.
There are many different subtle and not so subtle ways that Japanese vary their bowing techniques depending
on the social situation. Observing all the intricacies of the ways Japanese bow can be a fascinating spectator sport
for foreigners in Japan. It is said that in a random mix of people from Asia, you can identify the Japanese from a
distance because they are the ones bowing the most. Sometimes Japanese even bow when they are talking on the
telephone!
Other ways to show respect are built into the language. You may have noticed that Kiara does not use the suffix
さん after her own name. You should not use this or any other ending after your own name, either, when speaking
SAN
Japanese. However, when talking to others, it is polite to use their proper names (not the pronoun “you”) followed by
one of the following endings:
〜さん which is similar to Mr. or Ms. or Mrs. in English. It is the most common suffix attached to the end of
S A N
a name.
〜せんせい can be used alone and means teacher. It is a respectful term used immediately after the names of
S E N S E I
teachers and some professionals such as doctors, lawyers and politicians.
〜くん is used after boys’ names.

KUN
〜ちゃん is used for babies, elementary school age children, girls who are younger than the speaker in informal
C H A N
situations, and sometimes with family members or close friends.
〜さま is used when addressing someone in a letter or when showing extreme politeness as a service person
SAMA
would with a patron.

1-3 I am Kiara. 33
Can you tell which of the following people are older and which are younger? Notice the order of the family name and
the given name in Japanese vs. English.
Â 山本　明先生 Mr. Akira Yamamoto (Teacher)

YAMAMOTO AKIRA-SENSEI
Â 山田　道夫さん Mr. Michio Yamada

YA M A D A MICHIO-SAN
Â 高橋　花子さん Mrs. Hanako Takahashi

TAKAHASHI HANAKO-SAN
Â 山口　愛子ちゃん Aiko Yamaguchi

YAMAGUCHI A I K O - C H A N
Â 中山　けいた君 Keita Nakayama

NAKAYAMA K E I TA - K U N
2. Saying and Writing Your Name

East Asian names are usually written with KANJI; non-East Asian names, however, are written with KATAKANA.
When saying and writing your name in Japanese, keep in mind that it won’t necessarily sound the same as it does in
English because not all English sounds are the same in Japanese (for instance, Rs and Ls) or even exist (for instance,
the th sound and many English vowel sounds do not exist in Japanese). Can you guess what English names these
are?
Â キャシー Â トム
K YA S H I - TOMU
Â ベン Â エミリー
B E N E M I R I -
Â レオナルド Â マイケル
REONARUDO MAIKERU
Â キム
KIMU
Â ジャック
J A K K U

こちらは母です。
K O C H I R A wa HAHA D E S U
第1課の4 This is my mother.

1-4 This is my mother. 35
会話 Dialogue
KAI WA
(At the airport)

キアラ：はじめまして。私は　キアラ　です。よろしく　おねがいします。じゅん君ですか。
K I A R A H A J I M E M A S H I T E . WATASHI wa K I A R A D E S U . YOROSHIKU O N E G A I S H I M A S U . J U N - K U N DESU ka.
じゅん：はい、そう　です。僕は　じゅん　です。ようこそ！
J U N H A I , S O U DESU. BOKU wa J U N DESU. Y O U K O S O !
よろしく　おねがいします。こちらは　母　です。こちらは　父　です。
YOROSHIKU O N E G A I S H I M A S U . K O C H I R A wa HAHA DESU. KOCHIRA wa CHICHI DESU.
まゆみ：はじめまして。
M AY U M I H A J I M E M A S H I T E .
太郎：じゅんの父です。どうぞよろしくおねがいします。
J U N no CHICHI DESU. D O U Z O YOROSHIKU O N E G A I S H I M A S U .
単語 New Words
TAN GO
ようこそ (exp.) こちら (pron.) 母 (n) 父 (n)

YOUKOSO KOCHIRA HAHA CHICHI
太郎 (n) – いいえ、ちがいます – はい、

そうです – か (part.) –
TAROU I I E, C H I G A I M A S U H A I , SOU DESU KA
a male name No, it is not/different. Yes it is. particle signifying

a question
漢字 Kanji
KAN JI
私　父　母
1 わたくし — I, me (polite); わたし — I, me
私
WAT A K U S H I WATA S H I
6
3
2 5
4 7 私 — I, me (formal);WATASHI
私 —I, me
WATAKUSHI
It’s probably going to be easy to remember that this kanji means I or ME, since you’ll be writing about yourself a lot! Just
7 strokes remember to keep the first stroke slanted and not straight across and note that it is written from right to left.
フ;ちち; (お)とう(さん) — father
父
1 2 FU CHICHI (O) T O U (SAN)
3
4
父 — (my) father; (お)父(さん) — father;
CHICHI (O) TOU (SAN)
祖父grandfather
SOFU
4 strokes Here you see a picture of a FATHER’s face with a mustache, mouth, and the top of a beard.

ボ; はは; (お)かあ(さん) — mother
母
BO HAHA (O) K A A (SAN)
2
1
3
5 母 — (my) mother; (お)母(さん) — mother
4 HAHA (O) KAA (SAN)
祖母 — grandmother
SOBO
This is actually an ancient pictograph of a woman with two breasts, symbolizing a MOTHER. Be sure to give
5 strokes her two arms and two legs when you write MOTHER.

KOTO BA no TANSAKU
1. AはB ではありません。 - Making a negative statement

To change an affirmative !です DESU
(日本
NIHON
　です DESU
。) statement to a negative statement, replace the です
DESU
with ではあり
d e w a A R I
ません
MASEN
or じゃありません
j a A R I M A S E N
. じゃありません
j a A R I M A S E N
is less formal.
Affirmative: A は
wa
B です
DESU
。 = A is B.
私は
WATASHI wa
　じゅん　です
J U N DESU
。 = I am Jun.
Negative: A は
wa
B では
dewa
ありません。
A R I M A S E N
= A is not B.
私は
WATASHI wa
　じゅん　では
J U N dewa
ありません。　 = I am not Jun.
A R I M A S E N
私は
WATASHI wa
　じゅん　じJAゃあ
J U N
りません。
A R I M A S E N
= I am not Jun. (less formal)
田中さんは先生ではありません。 = Mr./Ms. Tanaka is not a teacher.

例 TANAKA S A N wa
ここはアメリカじゃありません。
SENSEI dewa ARIMASEN
REI
KOKO wa
= This (here) is not America.
E
X AMERIKA
E
AM PL ARIMASEN JA
日本語ではありません。
NIHONGO dewa ARIMASEN
= It is not Japanese.
2. ∼か
ka
- Questions
Forming a question in Japanese is easy. Simply add the particle か
ka
to the end of the sentence.
例
REI
1. すしです。
SUSHI DESU
= (This is sushi.)
E
X
E
AM PL すしですか。 = (Is this sushi?)

SUSHI DESU k a
2. つなみです。 = (This is a tidal wave.)

TSUNAMI DESU
つなみですか。 = (Is this is a tidal wave?)

TSUNAMI DESU ka
3. 日本人です。 = (I am Japanese [person].)

NIHONJIN DESU
日本人ですか。 = (Are you Japanese?)

NIHONJIN DESU ka
3. Punctuation
Japanese punctuation is not too complicated. Written Japanese uses periods (。), commas (、), and quotation marks
「
( 　」). All sentences, whether statements or questions, end in periods in normal Japanese writing. Manga, signs,
and advertising sometimes use English question marks, exclamation marks, and other symbols as well. Questions
end with the particle か followed by the Japanese period (。). Commas may be used wherever writers feel a pause
would be appropriate, or to convey meaning, however they are not regulated as much as they are in English.

自習 Self Check
JI SHUU
1. First, cover up the “negative statement” column below; read the sentences and restate each as a negative statement
by changing the です
DESU
to ではあ
dewa
りません or じJAゃあ
A R I M A S E N
りません.
A R I M A S E N
Once you have correctly changed the sentences into negative statements, cover up the “question” column below
and make each statement into a question by adding か ka
to the end of each. Check your answers.
Statement Negative Statement Question

こちらは　先生　です。こちらは　先生　ではありません/ こちらは　先生　ですか。
KOCHIRA wa SENSEI DESU KOCHIRA wa SENSEI DEWA A R I M A S E N KOCHIRA wa SENSEI DESU ka
じゃありません。
J A A R I M A S E N
東京　です。東京ではありません/じゃありません。東京　ですか。

TOUKYOU DESU DEWA A R I M A S E N
TOUKYOU J A A R I M A S E N TOUKYOU DESU ka
なりたくうこう　です。
N A R I TA K U U K O U
なりたくうこう　ではありません/
なりたくうこう　ですか。
DESU DEWA A R I M A S E N DESU ka
J A A R I M A S E N
これは　とうふ　です
DESU
。これは　とうふ　ではありません/ これは　とうふ　ですか。
KORE wa TO U F U K O R E wa TO U F U DEWA A R I M A S E N wa
KORE TO U F U DESU ka
J A A R I M A S E N
けいこさん　です DESU

。けいこさん　ではありません/ けいこさん　ですか。
K E I K O S A N K E I K O S A N DEWA A R I M A S E N K E I K O S A N DESU ka
J A A R I M A S E N


1. Small Group Practice (sets of pairs)

Use the dialogue below to ask your partner his/her name. Next, introduce your partner to another group of classmates.
Take turns, each person introducing their partner to the others.
A-SAN:
例
お名前は何ですか。
ONAMAE wa NAN DESU ka
REI
(What is your name?)
E
X
E
AM PL
B-SAN: 私は (say your name with a Japanese pronunciation) です。はじめまして。

WATASHI wa DESU. HAJIMEMASHITE.
(I am . How do you do?)
(with your same partner to new pair of students)
A-SAN: はじめまして。(turns to C-SAN) こちらは (B-SAN’s name) です。

HAJIMEMASHITE. KOCHIRA wa DESU.
(This is .)
2. Class Activity
Your teacher will assign a Japanese name to you from Appendix 2 for this activity. Circulate among your classmates, in-
troducing yourself with this name. When they introduce themselves to you, write down their English name next to their
Japanese name. For example, if Todd’s Japanese name is KEN’ICHI, write down “Todd” next to Ken’ichi. When you have
written down the English names of everyone on your list, sit down. Your teacher may ask you to introduce one or more of
your classmates to the class.
3. Pair Work
This is a good way to see if you know the English names of all your classmates and practice your 日本語 at the same time!
First, look at the list of Japanese and English names from Class Activity #2, above. Select one of the English names there,
then point to one of your classmates and ask your partner if that is (insert name).
You: Johnさんですか。(pointing to a classmate: Is that John?)

例 SANDESU ka
REI Your partner: はい、 Johnさんです。(Yes, that is John.)
E
X
E
AM PL HAI SANDESU
-OR-
いいえ、Johnさんじゃありません。(No, that is not John.)
I I E SAN J A ARIMASEN
- OR-
いいえ、Johnさんではありません。(No, that is not John.)
I I E S A N DEWA A R I M A S E N


BUN KA BAKO
どうぞよろしくおねがいします
DOUZO YOROSHIKU ONEGAISHIMASU
This phrase is often translated into English as “Pleased to meet you.” It really has a broader implication and is useful
in situations other than first meeting someone. よろしく　おねがいします is used a great deal in everyday Japanese
conversation. For instance, a high school baseball team will use this term when they bow in unison to their opponents
before beginning a game. In this case you would translate よろしく　おねがいします roughly as “please, take or keep me
(in your) good favor.” You are establishing a relationship with someone new and that relationship, in Japanese culture, is
taken very seriously. You may or may not meet this person again, but when and if you do, you want them to remember you
favorably just in case you might need to make a request of them at some point. Most classes in Japan begin with students
standing up and everyone, including the teacher, saying this phrase in unison, to remind everyone of the importance of
group cooperation. よろしく　おねがいします !

こんばんは。
K O N B A N wa
第1課の5 Good evening.

1-5 Good evening. 41
会話 Dialogue
KAI WA
愛子：じゅん君、ただいま。キアラさんは　どこ　ですか。
AIKO J U N - K U N T A D A I M A. K I A R A - S A N wa DOKO DESU ka.
じゅん：おかえりなさい。キアラさんは　へやに　います。
J U N O K A E R I N A S A I. K I A R A - S A N wa H E YA ni I M A S U .
愛子：こんばんは。
AIKO K O N B A N wa.
キアラ：こんばんは。
K I A R A K O N B A N wa.
愛子：はじめまして。愛子　です。
AIKO H A J I M E M A S H I T E. AIKO DESU
キアラ：はじめまして。キアラです。どうぞよろしく。
K I A R A H A J I M E M A S H I T E. K I A R A D E S U. D O U Z O YOROSHIKU.
まゆみ：これは　おすし　です。これは　おはしです。どうぞ。
M AY U M I K O R E wa O-SUSHI D E S U. K O R E wa O-HASHI D E S U. D O U Z O.
キアラ：しょうゆは　どれ　ですか。
K I A R A S H O U Y U wa DORE DESU ka.
まゆみ：あれ　です。それは　わさび　です。
M AY U M I A R E D E S U. SORE wa WA S A B I D E S U.
キアラ：たまごは　それ　ですか。
K I A R A TA M A G O wa SORE DESU ka.
じゅん：はい、そう　です。
J U N H A I, S O U D E S U.
単語 New Words
TAN GO
おはようおはようございますこんにちはこんばんはおやすみ

O H A Y O U O H AY O U GOZAIMASU KONNICHI wa K O N B A N wa O YA S U M I
(expression) (expression) (expression) (expression) (expression)
おやすみなさいさようなら元気 (n/な adj.) ただいまお帰りなさい

O YA S U M I NASAI S AY O U N A R A GENKI TA D A I M A OKAERINASAI
(expression) (expression) (expression) (expression)

ごはん (n) (お) はし (n) これそれあれ

GOHAN (O) HASHI KORE SORE A R E
へや (n) どれ (inter.) しょうゆ (n) わさび (n) たまご (n)

H E YA DORE S H O U Y U WA S A B I TA M A G O
じゃあまた – see you later ではまた – see you バイバイ – goodbye に (part.) – particle after a
J A A MATA dewa MATA B A I B A I
(informal expression) (expression) (informal expression) location word denoting where

someone/something exists
漢字 Kanji
KAN JI
気　元　人　休
1 き — spirit; energy
気
2
KI
3
4 5
6 気 — spirit; energy
KI
A person’s SPIRIT, marked with an “X,” is kept between several layers that consist of flesh and bone. But there
6 strokes is always a key (the first stroke) to unbridling that SPIRIT.
ゲン — an ancient currency; もと — origin
元
GEN MOTO
1
2
3 4
元(気) — healthy, in good spirits
GEN (KI)
The top two strokes make up the kanji for two (二), and the bottom two strokes can be thought of as legs.
4 strokes The ORIGIN of modern humans began when we started to walk on two legs.
~ジン; ~ニン; ひと — person
人
1 JIN NIN HITO
2 人 person; (三)人 three (people) (counter for

HITO (SAN) NIN
people); (日本)人 (Japanese) person
(NIHON) JIN
2 strokes This is the shape of a PERSON standing up.

4 やす (む)
休
1
Y A S U (MU)
3
2 5 6
休 (む) — to rest, take a break, a vacation
YASU (MU)
The left side represents a person (人) and appears in many kanji that have something to do with people. The
6 strokes right side is a tree (木). This kanji represents a person RESTING against a tree.

KOTOBA no TANSAKU
1. これ , それ , あれ , どれ
KORE SORE A R E D O R E
これ = this (one)
KORE
それ = that (one) near the listener

SORE
あれ = that (one over there) away from the speaker and listener
A R E
どれ = which one?
DORE
The use of each of these pronouns depends on the location of an object and the relative locations of the speaker and
the listener. これ is used for objects near you, the speaker. それ refers to object(s) near the listener and away from the
KORE SORE
speaker. あれ is used when the object is away from both the speaker and the listener. どれ is only used for questions.
A R E DORE
2. お is placed in front of some nouns, especially words related to food or drink, to make them more polite. For example,
O
people in the past were often lucky to get fresh water or rice so お was placed in front of those words to show grati-
tude. お is not used in front of proper names or words for other animate things. Some examples include:
おはし (chopsticks) おすし (sushi)

OHASHI OSUSHI
おみず (water) おちゃ (green tea)

O M I Z U O C H A
自習 Self Check
JI SHUU
Look at the two columns below. Say an appropriate time or greeting for each blank. The first one is done for you.
A B
7 a.m. おはよう　ございます
O H A Y O U GOZAIMASU
Noon
こんばんは
K O N B A N wa
(Choose a time)
11 p.m.
10 a.m.
おはよう
O H A Y O U
(Choose a time)

2. Try saying the sentences below in Japanese using the pronouns これ

KORE
, それ
SORE
, あれ
A R E
, and どれ
DORE
. Test yourself to make
sure you know which pronoun to use in which situation.
This is a book.
That (near a partner) is a pencil.
This is an eraser (消しゴム)
KESHIGOMU
Which one is a notebook?

That one (over there) is a window. (まど)
MADO
That one (over there) is a car. (くるま)

KURUMA
That one (near a partner) is a cat. (ねこ)

NEKO

1. Pair Practice
Place some of your hiragana or vocabulary flash cards (face up) near you, some near your partner, and some far away
from both of you. Take turns asking and answering questions about the location of each of the cards using the correct
pronoun. For example, if the flash card for あ is near you, you would say:
例
REI
You: これは ”あ” ですか。
KORE wa “A” DESU ka.
E
X
E
AM PL Is this “A”?
Your partner: はい、
それは ”あ” です。
H A I, SORE wa “A” D E S U.
Yes, that (near you) is “A.”
2. Pair Practice
Point to one of the items pictured below and ask your partner a question. If the object seems near you, use これ
KORE
. If
the object seems near the speaker, use それ
SORE
. If the object seems distant from both of you, use あれ
A R E
.
例
REI
You: (pointing to map of Japan) これは日本ですか。
KORE wa NIHON DESU ka
= Is this Japan?
Your partner: (if it is correct) はい、そうです。 = Yes, that is correct.
E
X
E
AM PL
HAI, SOU DESU
-OR-
(if it is incorrect) いいえ、ちがいます。 = No, that is wrong.
I I E, CHI GAIMASU
Narita: なりた
N A R I T A

3. Pair Practice
Point to one of the pictures below. Your partner will say the appropriate greeting in 日本語。Take turns.
例 You: (pointing to picture of the student greeting teacher early in the day)
REI Your partner: おはようございます。
E
X
E
AM PL O H AY O U GOZAIMASU
? ?
? ?

よくできました。
Y O K U D E K I M A S H I T A
第1課の6 Well done!
単語 New Words
TAN GO
Useful Classroom Commands and Expressions
よく出来ました。ちょっと待って下さい。ゆっくりおねがいします。もう一度　言って　下さい。

YOKU D E K I M A S H I TA C H O T T O M AT T E KUDASAI YUKKURI O N E G A I S H I M A S U MOU ICHIDO I T T E KUDASAI
はい、分かります。いいえ、分かりません。静かに　して　下さい。英語で　言って　下さい。

H A I WA K A R I M A S U I I E WA K A R I M A S E N SHIZUKAni SHITE KUDASAI EIGO de I T T E KUDASAI
X (object)を貸して下さい。 X は (英語/日本語) で (お)てあらいへ　行ってもロッカーへ　行っても

X o KASHITE KUDASAI X wa ( E I G O / N I H O N GO ) de ( O) T E A R A I e I T T E mo R O K K A - e I T T E mo
何といいますか。いいですか。いいですか。

NAN TO I I M A S U ka I I D E S U K A I I DESU ka
(お)水を　飲んでもきりつれいちゃくせき

(O) M I Z U o N O N D E mo KIRITSU R E I CHAKUSEKI
いいですか。
I I DESU ka

Chapter 1 Checklist 47

1. Pair Practice
Verbally order your partner to do one of the commands from the list of expressions in Chapter 1-3. Your partner will
act it out. Switch roles and do it again until you have both gone through all the commands in that section. If your
partner does a particularly good job, you can praise him or her by saying 良く出来ました。
Y O K U D E K I M A S H I TA
2. Pair Practice
Look at the list of classroom objects in Appendix 4. Ask your partner to loan you one. Take turns.
A-さん: けしゴムを貸してください。 = Please lend me an eraser.

例
REI
SAN KESHIGOMU o KASHITEKUDASAI
B-さん: (Handing, or pretending to hand over, object) はい、どうぞ。 = Here, please (take it).
E
X
E
AM PL
SAN H A I DOUZO
3. Class Practice
Play Sensei Says using the class-room
commands you have learned. Students 例
REI
Caller says: 「Sensei says, たってください。」
T AT T E KUDASAI
take turns being the “Sensei.”
E
X
E
AM PL (all students stand up)

Caller says: 「すわってください。」
S U WAT T E KUDASAI
(no one should sit down)

Caller says: 「Sensei says, きょうかしょを開いてください。」
K Y O U K A S H O o HIRAITE KUDASAI
(everyone should open their textbooks)
It’s time for your first passport stamp. An immigration officer will interview you. You will need to
ng Japane
ni introduce yourself and demonstrate recognition of the words and kanji in this chapter in order
n
se
Begi
to get your passport stamped or initialed. Each chapter in this text has a task to complete and a
ort
PaC ssp stamp to earn. Collect all ten stamps to show that you’ve completed the cycle and to earn your
1
h ap ter yellow-belt samurai status. Check the TimeforJapanese.com website for more rewards after collect-
ing all the passport stamps!

TA N G O C H E K K U R I S U T O
Japanese Location English

1-1
からて　　空手 (n) 1-1 karate (martial art)
すし　　寿司 (n) 1-1 raw fish on rice
すもう　　相撲 (n) 1-1 Japanese sumo wrestling
せんせい　　先生 (n) 1-1 teacher
つなみ　　津波 (n) 1-1 tidal wave
とうきょう　　東京 (n) 1-1 capital of Japan


とうふ　　豆腐 (n) 1-1 bean curd (tofu)
にほん　　日本 (n) 1-1 Japan
にほんご　　日本語 (n) 1-1 Japanese language
はじめましょう。　　始めましょう。 (exp.) 1-1 Let’s begin.
ぼく　　僕 (pron.) 1-1 I, me (used by males only)
1-3
かく/かきます　　書く/書きます(書いて) (v) 1-3
(to) write
きく/ききます　　聞く/聞きます (聞いて) (v) 1-3
(to) listen
〜くん　　〜君 1-3
used immediately AFTER a boy’s name
〜さん 1-3
used immediately AFTER a name
すわる/すわります　　座る/座ります (座って) (v) 1-3
(to) sit
〜せんせい　　〜先生 (n) 1-3
used immediately AFTER a teacher’s, lawyer’s, or
doctor’s name
だす/だします　　出す/出します (出して) (v) 1-3 (to) take (it) out
たつ/たちます　　立つ/立ちます (立って) (v) 1-3 (to) stand
です (v) 1-3 helping verb/linking verb used similarly to “is” or “am”
どうぞ　よろしく (exp.) 1-3 best regards, please treat me favorably
どうぞよろしくおねがいします　　どうぞよろしくお願いします (exp.)
1-3 polite for よろしく　お願いします
とじる/とじます　　閉じる/閉じます (閉じて) (v) 1-3 (to) close; shut
なまえ　　名前 (n) 1-3 name
は (part.) 1-3 particle that denotes the sentence topic
はじめまして　　初めまして (exp.) 1-3 How do you do?
ひらく/ひらきます　　開く/開きます (開いて) (v) 1-3 (to) open (door/window)
みる/みます　　見る/見ます (見て) (v) 1-3 (to) look/see
よろしく　おねがいします　　よろしく　お願いします (exp.)
1-3 best regards, please treat me favorably (polite)
よむ/よみます　読む/読みます (読んで) (v) 1-3 read
わたし　私 (pron.) 1-3 I, me
わたしたち　私達 (pron.) 1-3 we, us
Classroom Commands and Questions

だして　　出して (v) 1-3 take (it) out
だしてください。　　出して下さい。 1-3 Take (it) out please.
だしてもいいですか。　　出してもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to take out (it)?
かいて　　書いて (v) 1-3 write
かいてください。　　書いて下さい。 1-3 Write please.
かいてもいいですか。　　書いてもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to write?
きいて　　聞いて (v) 1-3 listen
きいてください。　　聞いて下さい。 1-3 Listen please.
きいてもいいですか。　　聞いてもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to listen?
みて　　見て (v) 1-3 look/watch
みてください　　見て下さい。 1-3 Look/watch please.
みてもいいですか。　　見てもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to see/watch?
すわって　　座って (v) 1-3 sit


すってください　　座って下さい。 1-3 Sit please.
すわってもいいですか。　　座ってもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to sit?
たって　　立って (v) 1-3 stand
たってください　　立って下さい。 1-3 Stand please.
たってもいいですか。　　立ってもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to stand?
とじて　　閉じて (v) 1-3 close; shut
とじてください。　　閉じて下さい。 1-3 Close/shut (it) please.
とじてもいいですか。　　閉じてもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to close/shut (it)?
ひらいて　　開いて (v) 1-3 open (book)
ひらいてください。　　開いて下さい。 1-3 Open (book) please.
ひらいてもいいですか。　　開いてもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to open?
よんで　　読んで (v) 1-3 read
よんでください。　　読んで下さい。 1-3 Read please.
よんでもいいですか。　　　読んでもいいですか。 1-3 Is it OK to read?
1-4
いいえ　 1-4 no
か (part.)　 1-4 particle signifying a question
こちら (pron.) 1-4 this person (polite)
たろう　　太郎 (n)　　 1-4 Taro (male name)
ちがう/ちがいます　　違う/違います (違って) (v) 1-4 is not right, incorrect
ちち　　父 (n) 1-4 father, dad
はい 1-4 yes, here (roll call)
はは　　母 (n) 1-4 mother, mom
ようこそ (exp.) 1-4 Welcome!, Nice to see you.
1-5
あれ (adj.) 1-5 that (over there)
おかえりなさい　　お帰りなさい (exp.) 1-5 welcome home
おはし　　お箸 (n) 1-5 chopsticks
おはよう (exp.) 1-5 good morning (informal)
おはようございます (exp.) 1-5 good morning (formal)
おやすみ　　お休み (exp.) 1-5 good night (informal)
おやすみなさい　　お休みなさい (exp.) 1-5 good night (formal)
げんき　　元気 (n/な adj.) 1-5 healthy, energetic
ごはん　　ご飯 (n) 1-5 cooked rice, a meal
これ 1-5 this (one)
こんにちは　　今日は (exp.) 1-5 hello
こんばんは　　今晩は (exp.) 1-5 good evening
さようなら (exp.) 1-5 goodbye
じゃあまた (exp.) 1-5 see you later (informal)
しょうゆ　　醤油 (n) 1-5 soy sauce
それ 1-5 that (one)
ただいま (exp.) 1-5 I’m home
たまご　　卵 (n) 1-5 egg
ではまた (exp.) 1-5 see you later (formal)


どれ (inter.) 1-5 which (one)
に (part.) 1-5 used after a location or time word
ばいばい　　バイバイ (exp.) 1-5 bye-bye
へや　　部屋 (n) 1-5 room (a)
わさび (n) 1-5 wasabi, Japanese horseradish
1-6
Useful Classroom Commands and Expressions
よくできました。　　よく出来ました。 1-6 Well done.
ちょっとまってください。　　ちょっと待って下さい。 1-6 Wait a minute please.
ゆっくりおねがいします。　　ゆっくりお願いします。 1-6 Please say it more slowly.
もういちどいってください。　　もう一度言って下さい。 1-6 Say it again please.
はい、わかります。　　はい、分かります。 1-6 Yes, I understand.
いいえ、わかりません。　　いいえ、分かりません。 1-6 No, I don’t understand.
しりません。　　知りません。 1-6 I don’t know.
しずかにしてください。　　静かにして下さい。 1-6 Please be quiet.
えいごでいってください。　　英語で言って下さい。 1-6 Please say it in English.
X (object)をかしてください。　　X (object)を貸して下さい。
1-6 Please lend me X.
X (object)は (えいご/にほんご)で　なんと　いいますか。　　X　は　(英語/日本語)で　何と　言いますか。
1-6 What is X in English/Japanese?
おてあらいへいってもいいですか。　　お手洗いへ行ってもいいですか。
1-6 May I go to the restroom/W.C.?
ロッカーへいってもいいですか。　　ロッカーへ行ってもいいですか。
1-6 May I go to my locker?
おみずをのんでもいいですか。　　お水を飲んでもいいですか。
1-6 May I drink (some) water?
きりつ　　起立 (n) 1-6 standing up
れい　　礼 (n) 1-6 bow
ちゃくせき　　着席 (n) 1-6 sit down

Family and Friends
in Tokyo 第 2 課

A) vocabulary and kanji used for talking about family members A) read and write essential kanji for family member roles
B) some ways to count, including general counting and counters B) talk about your family and the families of others in
for people and objects terms of numbers and relationships
C) vocabulary used for talking about basic locations of people C) count people and things from one to one hundred
and objects D) talk in general about location of objects and people,
D) several pronouns useful for differentiating basic locations of and specifically about “which one”
objects and people (i.e., this one or that one, here or there) E) read and write the rest of the hiragana if you haven’t
E) the rest of the hiragana if you haven’t finished them and 18 finished them and 18 additional kanji
additional kanji
Beginning Jap_C2_51-84.indd 51 12/8/09 9:39:25 AM

それは何ですか。
S O R E wa NAN D E S U ka
第2課の1 What is that?

2-1 What is that? 53
会話 Dialogue
KAI WA
じゅん：それは　何　ですか。
J U N S O R E wa NAN DESU ka
キアラ：これは　私の　バッグ　です。この　なかに　しゃしんが　あります。これは　私の

K I A R A KORE wa WATASHI no B A G G U DESU KO NO NAKA ni S H A S H I N ga A R I M A S U KORE wa WATASHI no
家族　です。
KAZOKU DESU
　家族は　六人　です。こちらは　父と　母　です。妹が　二人　います。こちらの

KAZOKU wa ROKUNIN DESU KOCHIRA wa CHICHI to HAHA DESU. IMOUTO ga FUTARI I M A S U . KOCHIRA no
二人が　妹　です。こちらは　兄　です。犬の　名前は　こま　です。

FUTARI ga IMOUTO DESU. KOCHIRA wa ANI DESU INU no NAMAE wa KOMA DESU
単語 New Words
TAN GO
何 (inter.) だれ (inter.) しゃしん (n)

NAN or NANI DARE SHASHIN
家族 (n) 犬 (n) ねこ (n) 電話 (n)

KAZOKU INU NEKO DENWA
ご家族 (n) – (someone else’s family) 兄弟 (n) – siblings

GOKAZOKU KYOUDAI
姉 (n) – (my) older sister そ父 (n) – (my) grandfather

ANE SOFU
兄 ( ) – (my) older brother そ母 (n) – (my) grandmother

ANI SOBO
弟 (n) – (my) younger brother います (v) – to exist (animate beings)

OTOUTO I M A S U
妹 (n) – (my) younger sister あります (v) – to exist (inanimate things)

IMOUTO ARIMASU

Other words you might like to know:

一番上の兄/姉 my oldest brother/sister
ICHIBANUE no ~ ANI / ANE
二番目の　兄/姉 my second oldest brother/sister

NIBANMEN no ~ ANI / ANE
すぐ下の　弟/妹 my next youngest brother/sister

SUGUSHITA no OTOUTO/IMOUTO
一番下の　弟/妹 my youngest brother/sister

ICHIBANSHITA no OTOUTO/IMOUTO
ぎりの〜 step-, or in-law, a non-“blood” relative*

GIRI no ~
*Traditionally, Japanese families tended to be

Counting Counting People
large, with three generations in one household.
一 1 六 6 一人 1 person 七人 7 people This is changing in Japan quite rapidly. Now
ICHI ROKU HITORI SHICHININ/
NANANIN
二 2 七二人 2 people one can find various types of non-traditional
NI SHICHI/NANA
7 FUTARI 八人 8 people
三 3 八三人 3 people
HACHININ
families. In the West, we often use “step-” or
8 SANNIN 九人 9 people
SAN HACHI
KYUUNIN “half-” to refer to people in our families. In
四 4 九 9 四人 4 people
YON/SHI KU/KYUU YONIN 十人 10 people daily life in Japan however, these distinctions
JUUNIN
五 5 十 10 五人 5 people are rarely made; “step-” and “half-” relatives
GO JUU GONIN 何人 how many
いくつ how 六人 6 people
NANNIN
people? are often referred to simply as mother, father,
ROKUNIN
IKUTSU
many? brother, sister, etc.
漢字 Kanji
KAN JI
何　家　兄　姉　弟　妹　
なに; なん – what
何
1
3 NANI NAN
7
2 5
4 6
何 – what; 何人 – how many people?
NAN/NANI NANNIN
The first two strokes are a person. The 3rd and 7th strokes are a nail, and the center three strokes are a mouth.
7 strokes Imagine seeing a person striking a nail with his head; you will want to open your mouth and yell “WHAT?”
カ , いえ – house; it is also sometimes

KA IE
1
pronounced as うち – house (home)
家
3
2 UCHI
4
5 9
6
7
8
10 家 – house, home; 家(族) – family
IE KA (ZOKU)
The first 3 strokes represent a roof; the remaining 7 strokes are the right side of pig 豚 (imagining these 7
10 strokes strokes as pork ribs may help). Imagine the three little piggies hiding under the roof of their HOUSE.
キョウ; あに; (お)にい(さん) – older brother
兄
2 K Y O U A N I (O) N I I (SAN)
1
3
4
5 兄
ANI
– (my) older brother; お兄さん
O N I I S A N
– someone
else’s older brother
This kanji consists of a big mouth (口) with two long legs. Think of some tall big-mouthed OLDER BROTHER
5 strokes that you might know!

1 4 あね; (お)ねえ(さん) – older sister
姉
5 A N E (O) N E E (SAN)
2
8
7
3 6
姉 – older sister (informal); (お)姉(さん) – older

ANE (O) NEE (SAN)
sister (polite term for someone else’s older sister)
The left side of this kanji (女) is the kanji for female while the right side (市) means city and the combo could
8 strokes represent an OLDER SISTER who lives in the city.
2 ダイ; おとうと– younger brother
弟
1
D A I O T O U T O
3
4 6
5 弟 – younger brother (informal); 弟(さん) – younger brother
OTOUTO OTOUTO (SAN)
7
(polite term for someone else’s younger brother); (兄)弟 – siblings
(KYOU)DAI
Does this look like a YOUNGER BROTHER wearing a scary mask? If not, send your better idea to
7 strokes TimeForJapanese.com
6 いもうと – younger sister
妹
1
I M O U T O
2 4
5
3
7 8 妹 – younger sister (informal); 妹(さん) – younger
IMOUTO IMOUTO (SAN)
sister (polite)
The left side of this kanji (女) again is the kanji for female, while the right side (未) is a tree with an extra
8 strokes horizontal line across representing the floor of a tree house the YOUNGER SISTER’s father is making for her.

KOTOBA no TA NSAKU
1. います and あります “to exist”

IMASU ARIMASU
Both of these verbs mean “to exist.” The difference is that います is used for animate objects and あ
IMASU
ります is used
ARIMASU
for inanimate objects. います and あ

IMASU
ります are often translated as “to have” or “there is.”
ARIMASU
The particle が
ga
is usually used in statements with います and あ
IMASU
ります. When い
ARIMASU
ます or あ
IMASU
ります are used in
ARIMASU
questions, you can use the particle はwa

after the topic being asked about.
例 REI
A) 兄がいます。
ANI ga IMASU
= I have an older brother./There is an older brother.
B) 犬がいます。 = I have a dog./There is a dog.
E
X
E
AM PL
INU ga IMASU
C) 家族のしゃしんがあります。 = I have family pictures./There is a family picture.

KAZOKU no S H A S H I N ga ARIMASU
D) 私のおはしがあります。 = I have chopsticks./My chopsticks are (here).

WATASHI no o HASHI ga ARIMASU
E) たまごはありますか。 = Do you have any eggs?/Are there eggs?

TAMAGO wa A R I M A S U ka
F) ご家族のしゃしんはありますか。 = Do you have a picture of your family?

GOKAZOKU no S H A S H I N wa A R I M A S U ka

2. The particle の
Two uses of the particle の are to show possession, and to show a relationship of one noun to another, one noun
being “of” the kind/type of another.
To show possession, の is placed between two nouns with the first one “possessing” the second.
= This is my book.
例
これは私の本です。
KORE wa WATASHIno HON DESU
REI それは兄の友達です。 = That is my older brother’s friend.
E
X
E
AM PL SORE wa ANI no TOMODACHI DESU
どれが母のお寿司ですか。 = Which (one) is my mother’s sushi?

DORE ga HAHAno o SUSHI DESU ka
The particle の is used to show the relationship of one noun to another as in Japanese book, Japanese sushi, etc. The
noun being described (book or sushi in these examples) is second and の comes after the first noun (the one doing
the describing).
= This is a Japanese book.

例
これは日本語の本です。
KORE wa NIHONGO no HON DESU
REI 山本先生は日本語の先生です。 = Mr. Yamamoto is a Japanese language teacher.
E
X
E
AM PL YAMAMOTOSENSEI wa NIHONGO no SENSEI DESU

あれは日本の家です。 = That over there is a Japanese house.
A R E wa NIHON no IE DESU
自習 Self Check
JI SHUU
1. Use the words from these two lists to make complete sentences. Use the particle の to say what belongs to whom.
Follow the example, and say them out loud to yourself in Japanese. Then choose one word from List 1 to make a
sentence using います and one word from List 2 to make a sentence using あります.
I M A S U ARIMASU
List 1 List 2
例 A: 父 + 写真 → これは父の写真です。
CHICHI SHASHIN K O R E wa CHICHI no SHASHIN DESU
REI
= This is my father’s photo. 父バッグ
E
X
E
AM PL
CHICHI BAGGU
B: それはじゅんさんのバッグです。
SOREwa J U N SAN no BAGGU DESU
僕姉
= That is Jun’s bag. BOKU ANE
妹へや
IMOUTO HEYA
英語先生
EI GO SENSEI
おとうとごはん
O T O U T O GOHAN
じゅんはし
J U N HASHI
キアラ (free choice)

KIARA
2. How would you respond to the following?

ご家族は　何人　ですか。
GOKAZOKU wa NANNIN DESU ka
ご家族を　しょうかい (introduce) してください。

GOKAZOKU o S H O U K A I SHITEKUDASAI

3. Look at a variety of objects around you. Practice saying whom they belong to. Refer to Appendix 4, Classroom
Objects.
A: これは私のえんぴつです。 = This is my pencil.

例 KORE wa WATASHIno ENPITSU DESU
REI B: それはジョンさんのバックパックです。 = That is John’s backpack.
E
X
E
AM PL no
S O R E wa J O N - S A N B A K K U PA K K U DESU

1. Pair Practice
これは私のえんぴつです。
KORE wa WATASHI no E N P I T S U DESU
Pretend you belong to Jun’s family. Take turns giving each of his family members below possession of one of the
objects. See how many combinations you and your partner can make. Make sure you use the correct word order, that
is, X (person) の Y (possession). For instance, ベン君(person) の　えんぴつ (possession) です。
no BEN-KUN no E N P I T S U DESU
例REI
これは母のはしです。
KORE wa HAHA no HASHI DESU
= These are my mother’s chopsticks.
E
X
E
AM PL
2. Pair Practice
Describing your family
Without letting your partner see your drawing, each of you should draw a quick picture of a family with 4 to 6 mem-
bers and pets. Be sure to include the names of each in your drawing. Next, one of you (A-さん) needs to describe
your family to your partner in Japanese. Make statements about the family you’ve drawn using です and います. The
IMASU
DESU
partner (B-さん) draws what he/she hears. Switch roles and repeat the exercise. After you have both finished, reveal
the original drawing to your partner. Save your drawings for an activity in the second section of this chapter.
例
REI
A-さん might say: 家族は五人です。母と父と兄と妹がいます。母の名前はけいこです。
KAZOKUwa GONIN DESU HAHAto CHICHIto A N I t o IMOUTOga I M A S U HAHAno NAMAE wa KEIKO DESU
= My family has five people. I have a mother, father, older brother, and younger sister. My mother’s
E
X
E
AM PL
name is Keiko.

3. Pair Practice
Describing things in the room
本があります。 = There is a book.
Point out everything and everyone in the classroom 例REI
HON ga ARIMASU
that you know and say these in Japanese to your part- 先生がいます。 = There is a teacher.
E
X
E
AM PL
SENSEI ga IMASU
ner. Use the classroom objects appendix in the back
ナオミさんがいます。 = There is Naomi.
of this book if needed. N A O M I S A N ga IMASU
(Naomi is there.)
4. Group Work
Each partner should take out 5 objects and place them on one of your desks. Take turns saying which objects belong
to whom.
A-さん: これはあなたの消しゴムです。 = This is your eraser.

例 KORE wa A N A T A no KESHIGOMU DESU
REI B-さん: それは私の本です。 = That is my book.
E
X
E
AM PL S O R E wa WATASHIno HON DESU

BUN KA BAKO
Humility
Outward signs of pride are frowned upon in Japan. Therefore, the use of humble terms when talking about yourself
and your own family members is the rule. That is why Kiara uses the humble form of mother 母 when she talks about her
HAHA
own mother to others but the polite term お母さん when she speaks directly to her own mother. Polite family terms take
OKAASAN
the suffix –さん and sometimes the honorific お-, while the humble terms do not. The suffix –さん roughly means Mr.
S A N O S A N
or Ms. and thus would be too polite when talking about one’s own family (just as it would be strange to use Mr. and Ms.
when talking about your own parents in English).
Since the Japanese people consider family members an extension of themselves, it is not uncommon for Japanese
mothers to say rather negative things about their children or spouses as a natural way of being humble. For instance, some
mothers may talk about how their children are unintelligent or lazy. It is wise NOT to agree with mothers when they say
such things, as the opposite is quite often true!

Dear Journal,
I landed in Tokyo today. There were two nice people at the immigration desk at 成田空港 who were
NARITA KUUKOU
very helpful. After I showed them my passport, they asked me several questions about why I was coming
to Japan, where I was staying, and how long I would be here. I was a bit nervous, but they smiled and
welcomed me to 日本. Once I finished with Customs, I went out into the huge and noisy arrival lobby.
Jun-kun stood among all the other greeters, with his お父さん and お母さん. Jun-san’s お父さん
holding up a sign with my name on it, was easy to spot. I’m so glad they are as friendly as I imagined. I was
pretty nervous about whether or not we would like each other, but it looks like we’ll get along fine.

じゅん君 KUN
is a little taller than I am and he is very thin. He’s a really friendly guy but he does seem a
little geeky. Once we left Narita Airport, we boarded the train for 東京. The train was amazing. By pushing
a lever, you could turn the seats around 180̊ to adjust to the new direction of the train or to be able to
face your friends or family members. There were even vending machines selling drinks, telephone cards, and
disposable cameras in one of the cars. I’ve never seen anything like that. The train ride seemed long, about
an hour. And that wasn’t all: then we had to ride a bus for 15 minutes from 東京 Station to じゅん君
の家. じゅん君 brought along a manga and read almost the entire book before we reached his 家. I was
excited, but exhausted too. I remember seeing rice fields and temples, then lots of cars and buildings.
I was a bit nervous about finally meeting the rest of じゅん君のご家族 . Once we got to his house,
KAZOKU
his mother went out to get 天ぷら

TENPURA
for dinner while I went to my room to unpack.
I almost forgot my おみやげ , but I grabbed it out of my bags at the last minute and brought it
O M I Y A G E
downstairs. They seemed to appreciate the gifts. After we ate the delicious 天ぷら, they gave me some
green tea and cookies and let me take a bath and rest. I was more tired than I realized and nearly fell
asleep in the bathtub.

T E K U N O no JI KAN
Though you’ve not been introduced to them all yet, type all of the vocabulary words from chapters 1 and 2 into a “digital
dictionary.” Your teacher will give you guidance on how to type in Japanese or you can find out more on TimeForJapanese
.com. To help you organize your files, open a spreadsheet and title the document jishoXXXYYY. In place of the X’s, use
the first three letters of your family name. In place of the Y’s, use the first three letters of your given name. For example,
if your name is Tomo Tanuki you would title your dictionary “jishotantom.”
Be sure to type first the hiragana, then kanji, and then the English meaning, as the sample below shows.
とうきょう東京 Tokyo, capital of Japan
ですです is or am

こちらはベンくんのお母さんです。
KOCHIRA wa B E N - K U N no O K A A S A N D E S U
第2課の2 This is Ben’s mother.

2-2 This is Ben’s mother. 61
会話 Dialogue
KAI WA
じゅん：ここは　友達の　家　です。
K O K O wa TOMODACHI no IE DESU
[knock knock] 失礼　します。

SHITSUREI SHIMASU
ベンの母：はいはい。じゅん君、こんにちは。

H A I H A I J U N- KUN, K O N N I C H I wa
じゅん：こんにちは。こちらは　ベン君の　お母さん　です。
K O N N I C H I w a K O C H I R A wa K E N - KUN no O K A A S A N D E S U
ベンの母：私は　キャシー　です。
WATASHI wa K Y A S H I I DESU
キアラ：こんにちは。I’m Kiara. I’m staying with Jun’s family. 日本語で　話しても　いい　ですか。

K O N N I C H I wa NIHON GO DE HANASHITE MO I I DESU ka
ベンの母：いい　ですよ。日本　です　から。がんばって　下さい！どうぞ　上がって　下さい。
I I DESU YO. NIHON DESU KARA G A N B A T T E KUDASAI D O U Z O A G A T T E KUDASAI
じゅん：こちらは　ベン君　の　お兄さん　です。ジャックさん　です。こちらは　妹さん達　
K O C H I R A wa B E N - KUN no O N I I S A N DESU J A K K U - S A N DESU KOCHIRA wa IMOUTOSAN-TACHI
です。ケーラさんと　セーラさん　です。 * +

DESU K E E R A -S A N to S E E R A -S A N DESU
キアラ：はじめまして。
H A J I M E M A S H I T E
*ケーラ - Kara (proper name in English)

KEERA
+
セーラ - Sarah (proper name in English)
SEERA
単語 New Words
TAN GO
お父さん (n) – (someone’s) father おばさん (n) – aunt or woman (quite a bit older than you)
OTOUSAN O B A S A N
お母さん (n) – (someone’s) mother おじいさん (n) – (someone’s) grandfather

OKAASAN O J I I S A N
お兄さん (n) – (someone’s) older brother おじさん (n) – uncle or man (quite a bit older than you)
ONIISAN O J I S A N
お姉さん (n) – (someone’s) older sister 家 (n) – house/home

ONEESAN IE/UCHI
弟さん (n) – (someone’s) younger brother 名前 (n) – name

OTOUTOSAN NAMAE
妹さん (n) – (someone’s) younger sister 人 (n) – person

IMOUTOSAN HITO
おばあさん (n) – (someone’s) grandmother と (part.) – particle used for “and”

O B A A S A N TO
十一 – 11 十六 – 16 二十一 – 21 七十 – 70
JUU ICHI JUU ROKU NI JUU ICHI NANAJUU
十二 – 12 十七 – 17 三十 – 30 八十 – 80
JUU NI JUUNANA, JUUSHICHI SAN JUU HACHIJUU
十三 – 13 十八 – 18 四十 – 40 九十 – 90
JUU SAN JUUHACHI YON JUU KYUU JUU
十四 – 14 十九 – 19 五十 – 50 百 – 100
JUUYON,JUUSHI JUUKU, JUUKYUU GO JUU HYAKU
友達 (n) 十五 – 15 二十 – 20 六十 – 60
TOMODACHI JUU GO NI JUU ROKU JUU
For more on how to count by 100s up to 900, go to www.TimeForJapanese.com (Beginning Japanese, Ch. 2).

漢字 Kanji
KAN JI
一　二　三　四　五　六　七　八　九　十　百
一一
1
イチ; ひと(つ) – one
ICHI H I T O (TSU)
一 – one; 一(つ) – one (thing)

ICHI HITO (TSU)
1 stroke
二二
1
ニ; ふた(つ) – two
NI FU TA (TSU)
2
二 – two; 二(つ) – two (things)

NI FUTA (TSU)
2 strokes
三
1
2
サン; みっ(つ) – three
SAN MIT (TSU)
3
三 – three; 三(つ) – three (things)
SAN MIT (TSU)
3 strokes
シ; よん; よ(っつ) – four

四
四
2 SHI Y O N YO (TTSU)
1 3 4
四 – four; 四(つ) – four (things)

SHI YO (TTSU)
5
5 strokes The two legs are thinking, “What did I do to deserve being trapped inside these FOUR walls?”
ゴ; いつ(つ) – five
五
1
GO ITSU (TSU)
2
3
五 – five; 五(つ) – five (things)

4 GO ITSU (TSU)
The middle two strokes were originally a cross and this character represented a crossroads. Since Japanese count to ten
4 strokes with one hand, FIVE represents the crossroads when the direction of counting changes from right to left.
ロク; む(っつ) – six
六
1
ROKU MU (TTSU)
2
3 4
六 – six; 六(つ) – six (things)
ROKU MU (TTSU)
The first two strokes are a top hat and the bottom two strokes are straight legs. Imagine SIX of these freaky
4 strokes characters with no heads or torsos trying to put you SIX feet under, and you will never forget SIX.
2 シチ; なな／なな(つ) — seven

七
七
SHICHI NANA / NANA (TSU)
1
七 – seven; 七(つ) – seven (things)

NANA/SHICHI NANA(TSU)
Imagine a boy sitting down with outstretched hands to collect the money that falls from the sky. Talk about
2 strokes lucky SEVEN!

2 ハチ — eight; や(っつ) – eight things
八
HACHI YA (TTSU)
1
八 – eight; 八(つ) – eight (things)

HACHI YA (TTSU)
This kanji is made up of two strokes that look somewhat like a volcano. Volcanoes can reach at least a level
2 strokes EIGHT on a scale of hotness!
1 キュウ; く; ここの(つ) – nine
九
K Y U U KU KOKO no (TSU)
2
九 – nine; 九(つ) – nine (things)

KU/KYUU KOKONO(TSU)
The two strokes of the kanji for NINE intersect at a NINEty degree angle with the second stroke starting at
2 strokes what would be NINE o’clock.
2 ジュウ; とう – ten
十
J U U TO U
1
十 – ten; 十 – ten (things)

JUU TOU
2 strokes This looks like a “T,” the first letter of TEN and TOU (TEN things).
ヒャク – hundred
百
1
H YA K U
2
4
3
5
百 – one hundred
6 HYAKU
6 strokes This character looks like a large tray holding 100 glasses of water on top of a hot sun.

KOTOBA no TANSAKU
1. Counters
In English, we have “counter” words such as flocks, loaves, packs, slices, herds, etc. to differentiate the numbers of various
objects or animals. The Japanese language also uses different word endings (counters) to count various types of ani-
mate and inanimate objects. For example, one person is 一人, one tree is 一本
HITORI IPPON
, and one car is 一台 . When counting
ICHI DAI
人
people, place the number in front of the kanji ˜ NIN (person). The pronunciations for one person (一人) and two people
HITORI
(二人
FUTARI
) are based on an old Japanese counting system. Counting up from three people and higher is simple: use the
numbers you have already learned and add the counter 人 NIN
after each number.
For a list of other counters, see Appendix 1.
2. と “and”
to
One use of と is as a particle that connects two or more nouns just like the word “and.” Unlike English, however, と
to
is used between every noun in a list, even if you are listing three or more things. Note that the particle と
to
can only
be used to connect nouns (people, places, and things) and not verbs, adverbs, and adjectives.

すしとわさびとしょうゆがあります。 = There is sushi and wasabi and soy sauce.

例 SUSHI to WASABI to SHOUYU ga ARIMASU
REI
お父さんとお母さんがいます。 = He/she has a father and mother.
E
E
AM PL
O T O U S A N to O K A A S A N ga IMASU
キアラとじゅんはいますか。 = Are Kiara and Jun (here)?

K I A R A to J U N wa I M A S U ka
自習 Self Check
JI SHUU
1. Column A contains family words for my own family. Column B contains words for a friend’s family. See how well and
quickly you can fill in the blanks, without using your book. Then check your answers. The first one is done for you.
A B
1. いもうといもうとさん
I M O T O U S A N
I M O U T O
2. おにいさん
O N I I S A N
3. おばあさん
O B A A S A N
4. 母
HAHA
5. おとうと
O T O U T O
6. おとうさん
O T O U S A N
7. あね
A N E
8. そふ
SOFU
2. Count from one to ten, three times, as quickly as you can. Use hand motions. Then count backwards. Then take turns
with your partner, each of you counting off one number.


1. Pair Practice
Introducing someone else’s family
Look back at the 練習の時間 in Chapter 2-1 and use the drawing you created for that section, or find another online.
Introduce that family to your partner (substitute your favorite Japanese name in place of 私 in the family tree).
WATASHI
Use the terms for someone else’s family members. Take turns.
例 REI
こちらはいちろう君のご家族です。こちらはお母さんです。お母さんの名前はけいこさんです。
KOCHIRA wa ICHIROU KUN no GO-KAZOKU DESU KOCHIRA wa OKAASAN DESU O K A A S A N no NAMAE wa K E I K O -SAN DESU
= This is Ichirou’s family. This is his mother. His mother’s name is Keiko.
E
X
E
AM PL
2. Small Group Practice

Form groups of 4 students. In pairs, find out how many people are in your partner’s family, and who they are. Share
that information with your group. Take turns.
例REI
A-SAN: ご家族は何人ですか。
GO-KAZOKU wa NANNIN DESU ka
= How many people are there in your family?
B-SAN: 四人です。父と母と妹がいます。 = Four people. My father, mother, and my younger sister.
E
X
E
AM PL
YONIN DESU CHICHI to HAHA to IMOUTO ga IMASU
A-SAN (to group): B−さんのご家族は四人です。お父さんとお母さんと妹さんと B-さんの

B - S A N no GOKAZOKU wa YONIN DESU O T O U S A N to O K A A S A N to IMOUTOSAN to B - S A N no
四人です。
YONIN DESU
= ‘s family has four people. His/her father, mother, younger sister, and
himself/herself equals four people.
Follow up by asking your partner the names of their family members and then sharing those names with the group.
A-SAN: お母さんのなまえは何ですか。 = What is your mother’s name?

例REI
O K A A S A N no N A M A E wa NAN DESU ka
B-SAN: 母の名前はさとみです。 = My mother’s name is Satomi.

E
X
E
AM PL
HAHA no NAMAE wa SATOMI DESU
A-SAN (to other): B-SAN のお母さんのなまえはさとみさんです。 = B’s mother’s name is Satomi.

B - S A N no O K A A S A N no N A M A E wa S AT O M I - S A N DESU
3. Class Practice
Your sensei will hold up between 1 and 10 fingers. Quickly and silently form groups with as many people as the teacher
holds up fingers. Upon the sensei’s cue, call out the counter for that many people. For example, if your teacher holds
up three fingers, you quickly form groups of three and, upon cue, call out 三人SANNIN
. Repeat, when your sensei holds up
another group of fingers.


BUN KA BAKO
It’s all in the numbers...

In Japan some numbers are considered unlucky. し, one of two pronunciations for four (四), is often considered the
unluckiest number because し can also mean death (死). Hospitals in Japan rarely have a fourth floor (floors skip from three
to five), and some hospitals intentionally omit the number four in room numbers. Many times the alternate pronunciation
よん is used. Nine is also an unlucky number, since the sound KU can also mean suffering in both the words 苦 and 苦労.
KU KUROU
There are even unlucky ages. For men, it is well known in Japan that 42 is the unluckiest age, since the kanji 四二 can be
pronounced SHI NI, which is close to 死に SHI NI
or “to the death.” Less well known is that 33 is the unluckiest age for women
because one way you can read the kanji 三三 is SANZAN, which can also mean “to have a terrible time.”

Read these questions and then read Kiara’s journal entry to answer them.
How many people are in Jun’s family?

Compare Japanese naming traditions with how you received your name.
Are there any similarities?
How many people are in Ben’s family?
What is Ben’s older brother studying?
My family
Dear Journal, (Kiara’s)
じゅん君の　ご家族
KUN no
は　五人です。お父さんの
GO-KAZOKU wa no
　名前は太郎さん
　太郎さん
TAROU S A N
　です
DESU
お母さんの
。お母さん SAN no
J U N GONIN O T O U S A N NAMAE wa OKAA
名前はまゆみさん　です。じゅん君の　お兄さんは　一郎さん　です。妹さんは

NAMAE wa M AY U M I SAN DESU J U N KUN no ONII SAN wa ICHIROU S A N DESU IMOUTOSAN wa
愛子ちゃんです。 I didn’t know that all Japanese names have meaning. For instance, 愛 means love. So
A I K O - C H A N DESU AI
愛子 actually means “love child”! Can you guess what his older brother’s name means? Parents put a lot of
time and consideration into choosing names for their children. The meanings and even the stroke count are
important and so parents often consult family members (especially grandparents) when naming a child.
Tonight I met Jun’s 友達 . 友達の名前はベンです。ベン君の　家は広尾に　あります
no
TOMODACHI NAMAE wa BEN DESU B E N -KUN no IE wa H I R O O ni A R I M A S U
広尾 is an upscale part of 東京. オーストラリア大使館は (Embassy) very close. ベン君は

O - S U T O R A R I A TA I S H I K A N B E N -KUN
オーストラリア人です。　ベン君の　お母さん works at the オーストラリア O - S U T O R A R I A

　大使館
TA I S H I K A N
and his
O - S U T O R A R I A J I N DESU B E N -KUN OKAA S A N
お父さん works for a Japanese export company.

O T O U S A N
ベン君には　お父さんと　お母さんと　お兄さん
B E N -KUN n i w a O T O U S A N to O N I I S A N
O K A A S A N
　一人と　双子の　妹さんが　います。犬２匹と
to H I T O R I to FUTAGO IMOUTOSAN ga I M A S U INU NIHIKI
ねこも一匹　います。お兄さんは O N I I S A N
studying 日本語 at 東京国際大学 , Tokyo International
N E K O m o IPPIKI I M A S U KOKUSAI DAIGAKU
University.

このバッグにおみやげがあります。どうぞ。
K O N O B A G G U ni O M I Y A G E ga A R I M A S U D O U Z O
第2課の3 The souvenirs are in this bag. Here you go.

会話 Dialogue
KAI WA
キアラ：この　バッグに　みなさんのおみやげが　あります。どうぞ。
K I A R A KONO B A G G U ni MI NA S A N no O M I YA G E ga A R I M A S U D O U Z O
まゆみ：あらっ…　どうも　ありがとう。
M AY U M I A R A D O U mo A R I G A T O U
キアラ：どう　いたしまして。その　本は　お母さんへの　おみやげ　です。その　ぼうしは　お父さん
K I A R A DOO I TA S H I M A S H I T E SO no HON wa O K A A S A N e no O M I YA G E DESU. SO NO B O U S H I wa O T O U S A N
のです。このT−シャツは　じゅん君の　です。この　キャンディは　お兄さんと　妹さんの　
no DESU KO NO T - S H A T S U wa J U N -KUN no DESU KO NO K Y A N D I I wa O N I I S A N to IMOUTOSAN no
です。
DESU
じゅん：どうも　ありがとう。

J U N D O U M O A R I G A T O U
キアラ：じゅん君、クラスには　何人　いますか。クラスの　皆にも　おみやげが　あります。
K I A R A I M A S U k aJ U N - KUN, K U R A S U ni wa NANNIN K U R A S U no MINNA ni mo O M I Y A G E ga A R I M A S U
じゅん：四十人　です。
J U N YONJUUNIN DESU
単語 New Words
TAN GO
このそのあのどの
KONO SONO ANO DONO
ありがとう (exp.) – thanks

A R I G AT O U
どうも　ありがとう (exp.)
D O U M O A R I G AT O U
– thank you
どうも　ありがとう　
D O U M O A R I G AT O U
ございます (exp.) – thank

G O Z A IM A S U
you very much
どういたしまして (exp.) –
ぼうし(n) T−シャツ (n) あめ (n) D O U I TA S H I M A S H I T E
BOUSHI T-S H A T S U AME you’re welcome
漢字 Kanji
KAN JI
犬
2 いぬ
犬
犬
4
I N U
1
3
This is the kanji for DOG. 大 means big, and if you can picture the top right corner of this as a big DOG’s mouth
4 strokes and the last stroke as a bone being thrown into the DOG’s mouth, you should be able to remember this kanji.

2-3 The souvenirs are in this bag. Here you go. 69

KOTOBA no TANSAKU
1. この、その、あの、どの

KONO SONO ANO DONO
These words have similar meaning to これ
KORE
、それ SORE
、あれ、どれDORE
. The only difference is that この、その
KONO SONO
、あの ANO
、
ARE
どの come before a noun in ALL cases. これ
DONO KORE
、それ SORE
、あれ ARE
、どれ DORE
are not attached to nouns since they are pro-
nouns that replace nouns.
これ
KORE
= this one あれ
ARE
= that one (over there)
この　すし
KONO SUSHI
= this sushi あの　し
ANO
ょうゆ
S H O U Y U
= that soy sauce (over there)
それ = that one (near the listener) どれ
DORE
= which one
SORE
その　わさび
SONO WASABI
= that wasabi (near the listener) どのへや
DONO HEYA
= which room?
2. を
o
The particle を o
follows the direct object of a sentence. The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb,
that is, what is eaten, what is written, what is played, etc. This particle will be explained in more detail in Chapter 3.
Here are some English sentences that contain direct objects. The direct objects are bolded and underlined here.
I ate the hamburger. Jose watches TV.

Please write the report. Timmy did not kick the ball.
A. Object を
o
　下さい .
KUDASAI
⇨ This phrase is used to ask someone to give you something.
しょうゆを下さい。 = Please give me the soy sauce.

例REI
SHOUYU o KUDASAI
本を下さい。 = Please give me a/the book.

E
X
E
AM PL
HON o KUDASAI
まんがを下さい。 = Please give me a/the manga.

MANGA o KUDASAI
B. Object を
o
　どうぞ . DOUZO
⇨ This phrase is used to offer something to someone.
= Have some water.

例
お水をどうぞ。
OMIZU o DOUZO
REI
ケーキをどうぞ。 = Have some cake.
E
X
E
AM PL
K E - K I o DOUZO
ティッシュをどうぞ。 = Please have a tissue.

T I S S H U o DOUZO
The word どうぞ , when used by itself, can often be translated as “go ahead” or “here you are.”
D O U Z O

自習 Self Check
JI SHUU
1. Count the number of students in the classroom, using the proper counter words for people.
2. What words best fit in the blanks below?
A) すし = this sushi
SUSHI
B) いぬ = that dog near you

I N U
C) ごはん = that bowl of rice over there

GOHAN
D) たまご = which egg?
TAMAGO
3. Translate the following into English, out loud, to yourself.
A) そのすしを　どうぞ。
SONO SUSHI o DOUZO
B) しゃしんを　下さい。
S H A S H I N o KUDASAI
4. Translate the following into Japanese, out loud, to yourself.
A) Please give me the chopsticks.

B) Here you are. (go ahead)

1. Pair Practice
Use the classroom objects in Appendix 4 for vocabulary. Ask your partner to give you as many different items as he
or she can. Your partner responds.
A-SAN: えんぴつを下さい。 = Please give me a pencil.

例
REI
REI
E N P I T S U o KUDASAI
B-SAN: えんぴつをどうぞ。 = Here is a pencil.

EE
XX A
EE
L
AM M PP L
E N P I T S U o DOUZO
2. Pair Practice
Do the same pair practice as above, but this time, point and insert the words この、その
KONO SONO
、あの
ANO
、どの into the
DONO
sentences. Remember, you will use a different word depending on where the object is located IN RELATION to the
speaker.
A-SAN: その本を下さい。 = Please give me that book.

例
REI
REI
SONO HONo KUDASAI
B-SAN: はい、この本をどうぞ。 = Yes, please take this book.

EE
XX A
EE
L
AM M PP L
HAI, KONO HONo DOUZO

2-3 The souvenirs are in this bag. Here you go. 71
3. Pair Practice
Point to something near you and make a statement. Your partner responds. Take turns.
A-さん: (pointing to your backpack) このバックパックは私のです。 = This backpack is mine.

例REI
SAN KONO B A K K U P A K K U wa WATASHI no DESU
B-さん: そうですか。この本は私のです。 = Is that so? This book is mine.

E
X
E
AM PL
SAN SOU DESUka KONO HONwa WATASHI no DESU

BUN KA BAKO
おみやげ ,
O M I YA G E
Giving Gifts
Japan is a “gift giving” nation. Foreigners are sometimes unsure about what to bring for their hosts when visiting Japan
for the first time. The following sorts of things might be good for a high school student to give to a Japanese host family:
Picture books from home
items with local place names or school/college names from your hometown
items with your school logo on them
T-shirts with English written on them
famous products from your home region, handmade crafts or local foods
Items related to the interests and hobbies of your host family are good places to start.
Since giving very expensive presents might lead your Japanese hosts to feel obligated to buy an expensive gift for you
in return, the best gift is something unique but not necessarily expensive.
Be sure to think ahead when making or purchasing things to take or send to Japan, since there are many things that
cannot legally be taken into or out of countries and other things that cannot be taken onto airplanes.
In Japan, omiyage can be readily purchased at any tourist site.

そのえんぴつとけしゴムを二つ下さい。
SONO E N P I T S U to K E S H I G O M U o F U TAT S U K U D A S A I
第2課の4 Please give me that pencil and two erasers.

2-4 Please give me that pencil and two erasers. 73
会話 Dialogue
KAI WA
じゅん：ここは　おちゃのみず　です。 *
本屋が　たくさん　あります。　
J U N KOKO wa O C H A no M I Z U DESU HONYA ga T A K U S A N A R I M A S U
本屋の人：いらっしゃいませ。
H O N YA no HITO I R A S S H A I M A S E
じゅん：キアラさん、ノートは　ここ　です。
J U N K I A R A - S A N, NO - T O wa KOKO DESU
キアラ：ええと、その　えんぴつと　けしゴムを　二つ　下さい。
K I A R A E E TO SONO E N P I T S U to K E S H I G O M U o FUTATSU KUDASAI
それから、その　ノートと　あの　まんがも　下さい。
S O R E K A R A SONO N O - T O to A N O M A N G A mo KUDASAI
*本屋 – bookstore
HONYA
単語 New Words
TAN GO
1. えんぴつ (n) ここ (pron.) – here

E N P I T S U KOKO
2. こくばん (n) そこ (pron.) – there

KOKUBAN SOKO
3. ボールペン (n) あそこ (pron.) – over there

B O - R U P E N ASOKO
4. チョーク (n) どこ (inter.) – where

C H O - K U DOKO
5. ペン (n) 一つ – 1 thing/object
P E N HITOTSU
6. まんが (n) 二つ – 2 things/objects

MANGA FUTATSU
7. けしゴム (n) 三つ – 3 things/objects

KESHIGOMU MITTSU
8. みず (n) 四つ – 4 things/objects
MIZU YOTTSU
9. ノート (n) 五つ – 5 things/objects

N O - T O ITSUTSU
10. かばん (n) 六つ – 6 things/objects

K A B A N MUTTSU
11. バックパック (n) 七つ – 7 things/objects

B A K K U PA K K U NANATSU
12. したじき (n) 八つ – 8 things/objects

S H I TA J I K I YATTSU
13. かみ (n) 九つ – 9 things/objects

KAMI KOKONOTSU
十 – 10 things/objects
T OO
いくつ (inter.) – How many things/objects?

I K U T S U
To help you remember how to count objects, be sure

to listen to and learn the counting song on the CD-ROM.


KOTOBA no TANSAKU
1. General counters
一つ
HITOTSU
, 二つ
FUTATSU
, etc. are the counters for:
a. objects that do not have a particular shape (like erasers and bags)
b. objects that do not fit into any of the categories for counters (see the chart of counters in Appendix 1).
かばんを二つ下さい。 = Please give me two bags.

例REI
KABAN o FUTATSU KUDASAI
このけしゴムを三つどうぞ。 = Please have these three erasers.

E
X
E
AM PL
KONO KESHIGOMU o MITTSU DOUZO
While it is more common for the counter to follow the noun and the particle, as in the above two examples, the fol-
lowing pattern is also acceptable:
四つの　りんごを　下さい　 Please give me four apples.

YOTTSU no R I N G O o KUDASAI
2. ここ、そこ、あそこ、どこ
KOKO SOKO ASOKO DOKO
These words follow the same pattern as これ、それ、あれ、どれ but refer only to location (and not physical
KORE SORE ARE DORE
objects) and do not need to precede a noun.
ここけしゴムはここです。 = The eraser is here.

KOKO
= here
例 KESHIGOMU wa KOKO DESU
そこ = there near the listener REI

本はあそこです。 = The book is over there.
E
X
E
AM PL
SOKO HONwa ASOKO DESU
あそこ = over there ベン君はどこですか。 = Where is Ben?

ASOKO
BEN-KUN wa DOKO DESU ka
どこ = Where? 妹さんはそこですか。 = Is your younger sister there?
DOKO
IMOUTO-SAN wa SOKO DESU ka
3. も
mo
も
mo
is a particle that means “also” or “too.”
例
REI
じゅん君は日本人です。
J U N - KUN wa NIHONJIN DESU
= Jun is Japanese.
あいこさんも日本人です。 = Aiko is also Japanese.

E
X
E
AM PL
A I K O -SAN mo NIHONJIN DESU
森本さんは英語の先生です。 = Mr./Ms. Morimoto is an English teacher.

MORIMOTO-SAN wa E I G O no SENSEI DESU
ブラウンさんも英語の先生です。 = Mr./Ms. Brown is also an English teacher.

B U R A U N - S A N mo E I G O no SENSEI DESU
While “too” and “also” can fit many different places in an English sentence, in Japanese sentences the も will always
mo
come after the person or thing that it is modifying. For instance, in the first example above, あいこ is being added
A I K O
from the first sentence to the second sentence, so the name あいこ is followed by the particle も . In the second
A I K O mo
example above, Ms. Brown is being added to the first sentence and consequently is followed by particle も . Particle
mo
も replaces the particles は , が , and を .
mo wa ga o

2-4 Please give me that pencil and two erasers. 75
自習 Self Check
JI SHUU
1. Fill in the blanks with Japanese according to the English translations.
えんぴつは　です。 = The pencil is here.

E N P I T S U wa DESU
　は　です。 = The eraser is near you.

　　 = The notebook is over there.
　　 = The book is also over there. (use も)
　　 = Where is Tokyo?

1. Pair Practice
With a partner, count the number of backpacks in the classroom using 一つ , 二つ , etc. After you have done this, try
HITOTSU FUTATSU
to find other objects that do not have a particular shape and count them.
2. Pair Practice
Using the classroom object vocabulary in Appendix 4, ask your partner where objects or people are in the classroom.
例
REI
A-SAN: せんせいはどこですか。
S E N S E I wa DOKO DESU ka
= Where is the teacher?
B-SAN: (pointing) せんせいはあそこです。 = The teacher is over there.
E
X
E
AM PL
S E N S E I wa ASOKO DESU

Read the journal entry below, and then answer these questions.
What means of transportation did Kiara and Jun use to get to Ocha-no-mizu?
Why were they going there?
Why did Jun want Kiara to try an Indian restaurant for dinner?
Dear Journal,
I went to a part of 東京 called お茶の水 today. We took the 山手 line and then transferred to the
OCHA no MIZU YAMAno TE
そうぶ line to get there. Through the train windows we could see how different the various parts of 東京
S O U B U
are. It was much better than riding the subway and only seeing those ads on the station walls. One thing
I realized is that 東京 is really crowded in some parts but not in others.

We headed to お茶の水 because Jun said there were lots of colleges and bookstores near there, and I
needed to get supplies for school and a book about the history of 東京. I also wanted to get some まんが
MANGA
☺.
Later, we met up with じゅん君の友達 Ben again for dinner in 六本木
ROPPONGI
, an area of 東京 where many
J U N - KUN no TOMODACHI
foreigners live. He and じゅん君 went to the same elementary school and he hopes to go to the same high
school as じゅん君 next year. He seems like he’s really smart and kind of cute too.
We went into an Indian restaurant where we each ordered a different kind of curry. It was really
good but pretty spicy. I had to drink about five little glasses of 水 (water) to help cool my mouth down
MIZU
afterwards. For lunch, じゅん君 had taken me to a Japanese curry restaurant so that I could see the
difference between the two types of curries.

BUN KA BAKO
The Tokyo Subway

The map below shows the Yamanote train line that circles Tokyo. The closest station to Jun’s house is Ueno (上野).
U E N O
How many stops did Kiara and Jun travel to get to Ochanomizu? Find the Shinjuku station on the map. It is one of the
busiest stations in the world, with over 3 million people travelling through this station daily. It is a good place NOT to be
during rush hour!

お母さん、晩ご飯は何ですか。
O K A A S A N , B A N G O H A N wa NAN D E S U ka
第2課の5 Mom, what’s for dinner?

会話 Dialogue
KAI WA
キアラ：ああ、私は　おなかが、ぺコぺコ　です。

K I A R A A A WATASHI wa O N A K A ga P E K O P E K O DESU
じゅん：僕も　ぺコぺコ　です。お母さん、ばんごはんは　何　ですか。
J U N BOKUmo P E K O P E K O DESU O K A A S A N B A N G O H A N wa NAN DESU ka
まゆみ：たこ　ですよ。
M AY U M I TA K O DESU yo
キアラ：たこ？！
K I A R A TA K O
まゆみ：あいちゃん、お父さん、ばんごはん　ですよ〜！
M AY U M I A I C H A N , O T O U S A N , B A N G O H A N DESU yo
愛子＆太郎：はい！
AIKO TA R O U H A I
まゆみ：はい,　たこ　です。どうぞ。
M AY U M I H A I TA K O DESU D O U Z O
キアラ：これが　たこ？
K I A R A KORE ga TA K O
単語 New Words
TAN GO
朝 (n) 朝ご飯 (n) 昼 (n) たこ (n) – octopus

ASA ASAGOHAN HIRU TA K O
タコス (n) 昼ご飯 (n) 晩ご飯 (n) ぺコぺコ

TA K O S U HIRUGOHAN BANGOHAN PEKOPEKO
ああ (inter.) – Ah!, Oh!

A A

2-5 Mom, what’s for dinner? 79

K O T O B A no TANSAKU
1. Homonyms
The Japanese language contains fewer sounds than English. This results in many more homonyms, words that sound
the same but have different meanings. Some examples of English homonyms are too–two–to, which–witch, read–red, etc.
Homonyms in Japanese may have the same pronunciation but will use different kanji. For example, 箸 HASHI
- chopsticks,
橋 - bridge, and 端 - edge; another example is 紙 - paper, 髪 - hair, and 神 - gods.
HASHI HASHI KAMI KAMI KAMI
Many Japanese homonyms have subtle differences in intonation such as raised or lowered pitch and therefore are
not pure homonyms in the English sense. The best way to distinguish between homonyms in spoken Japanese is to
pay attention to the context, both by listening to and watching the situation closely. In written Japanese, the different
meanings for homonyms are made clear through the different kanji and/or context.
2. Abbreviating names in Japanese

Japanese people often shorten the names of small children, family members,
a. あいこ = あいちゃん
and friends to indicate familiarity. The suffix ~ちゃん(~CHAN) can replace 例 A I - K O A I C H A N
the more polite suffix ~さん(~SAN). ~ちゃん(~CHAN) is used often with fe- b. けんいち = けんちゃん
REI
E
X
E
AM PL
KEN-ICHI K E N C H A N
males younger than the speaker and for very young boys, but it can be used
with the name of anybody you are very close to.
3. Mimetic or onomatopoeic words - ぎたい語

G I T A I G O
Expressions or words that mimic sounds associated with a thing or action are called onomatopoeia. Japanese has
many such expressions.
ペコペコ = your stomach growling

例REI
PEKO PEKO
ゴロゴロ = the sound of something rolling; This also refers to the action (or lack thereof) of being a
GOROGORO
E
X
E
AM PL
“couch potato.”
ペラペラ
PERA PERA
= to speak fluently
自習 Self Check
JI SHUU
1. Homonyms
Can you guess which of these two kanji for AME means rain and which means candy?
a. 飴 b. 雨
If at the beginning of your class your teacher says, 「かみを　出して　ください。」, which of the three meanings of
KAMI o DASHITE KUDASAI
かみ is meant?
KAMI
a. god b. paper c. hair
2. Abbreviating names
Pretend that the following are family members or close friends. Think of a pet name to show that you are close to
them.
a. 真一 b. 祥子 c. 健一 d. 大輔 e. 祐介
SHINICHI SHOU KO KEN ICHI DAI SUKE YUUSUKE

3. Mimetic or onomatopoeic words - ぎたい語

G I TA I G O
Can you match the ぎたい語 expression with its meaning?

G I T A I G O
1. プンプン a. shining
P U N P U N
2. ツルツル b. being angry

TSURUTSURU
3. ピカピカ c. smiling
PIKA PIKA
4. ニコニコ d. slippery
NIKONIKO

1. Pair Practice
With a partner, shorten and add ちゃん to the names of the students in your class to come up with “cute” new names
C H A N
for everyone.

Practice asking who your partner’s friends are. Take turns asking in Japanese. In your answers, try to shorten your
friends’ names and add ちゃん.
C H A N
A-さん: あなたの友達はだれですか。 = Who are your friends?

例
REI
A N A T A no TOMODACHI wa DARE DESU ka
B-さん: 友達はマーちゃんとジェイ君です。 = My friends are Maa and Jei.

E
X
E
AM PL
TOMODACHI wa MA - CHAN to J E I KUN DESU

BUN KA BAKO
Tokyo Neighborhoods
Tokyo is a city of neighborhoods. You have already read a little about Hiroo, Ochanomizu, and Roppongi. These are just
a few of the many neighborhoods in Tokyo. Each neighborhood has a different feel. Here are some other famous areas of
Tokyo:
Ginza is a trendy part of the city with top quality shops and the city’s Kabuki theater.
Akihabara has a high concentration of electronic stores. One of the few places in Japan where it’s OK to bargain
for what you buy!
Harajuku is the place to watch crazy modern fashion trends of the young, especially on Sundays.
Many foreigners find Tokyo to be a comfortable city in which to live, despite its being one of the largest cities in the world.
Perhaps this is because with so many neighborhoods to choose from, most people can find something to their liking.
Dear お母さん、
I arrived in 東京 a few days ago in the late afternoon. I’ve had a fantastic time so far! じゅん君 is a really nice guy.
He’s a year younger in school so he won’t be in any of my classes when I start in two days, but he’s introducing me to
a lot of other kids who will be. Last night we met an Australian named Ben. Ben’s been living here since he was six.

His お母さん works for the Australian Embassy here and his お父さん works for an export company. His Japanese
is amazing and he knows a lot about Japanese history. I haven’t learned that much about Japanese history yet, but
I want to. And I don’t know if I’ll be as fluent in Japanese as he is after my year here, but I’m going to try!
I went with my new 友達 to a part of the city called 六本木. There are a lot of international restaurants there. Ben
TOMODACHI ROPPONGI
wanted to take us to his favorite Indian restaurant. I had Japanese curry for lunch and they wanted to take me to
an Indian restaurant for dinner, so I could compare the two types of curry. Both were good, in very different ways.
Have you had both? Which is your favorite?
Schools here in 日本 are getting ready to start their second trimester of the school year, which is why everyone
already knows their classmates. My first day is coming up soon, so while we were out today, we stopped by a sta-
tionery shop. I bought 鉛筆ENPITSU
、下敷き
SHITAJIKI
、ノート、消
NO - TO
しゴム、and a KABAN 鞄 . We also went to a clothing store so that I
KESHI GOMU
could buy my school 制服. The 制服 that I have to wear is kind of cute, but I’m not sure how much I’ll like wearing
SEIFUKU
a uniform all of the time. The good thing is that it is versatile: the girls’ uniforms come with a light jacket, as well
as athletic clothes for gym class and for wearing after school. And it’s kind of nice not to have to worry about what
to wear every day.
Well お母さん、I have to go. E-mail 下さい！ Tell everyone else こんにちは！
KUDASAI
Love, or as they would say in Japan, 大好きです！

D A I S U K I DESU
キアラ
K I A R A

T E K U N O no J I K A N
ng Japane You will need to “call” your Japanese teacher’s voice mail and leave a message (of at least four
ni
se
n
sentences) introducing your family. Alternative: you can make a “my little book” (your teacher
Begi
a ssport will instruct you on what to do) about your family, labeling family members and writing an eight-
PC
2
sentence introduction of your family on the first page of the “my little book”.
r
h ap te

TAN GO C H E K K U R I S U T O

2-1
あに　　兄 (n) 2-1 older brother (my)
あね　　姉 (n) 2-1 older sister (my)
ある/あります (v) 2-1 (to) exist (inanimate things)
いち　　一 (n) 2-1 one
いちばんうえのあに/あね　　一番上の兄/姉 (n) 2-1 my oldest brother/sister

いちばんしたのあに/あね　　一番下の弟/妹 (n) 2-1 my youngest brother/sister

いぬ　　犬 (n) 2-1 dog
いもうと　　妹 (n) 2-1 younger sister (my)
いる/います (v) 2-1 (to) exist (animate beings)
おとうと　　弟 (n) 2-1 younger brother (my)
かぞく　　家族 (n) 2-1 family (my)
きゅうにん　　九人 (n) 2-1 nine people
きょうだい　　兄弟 (n) 2-1 siblings
ぎりの〜 (n) 2-1 step-
く/きゅう　　九 (n) 2-1 nine
ご　　五 (n) 2-1 five
ごかぞく　　ご家族 (n) 2-1 someone else’s family
ごにん　　五人 (n) 2-1 five people
さん　　三 (n) 2-1 three
さんにん　　三人 (n) 2-1 three people
しち/なな　　七 (n) 2-1 seven
しちにん/ななにん　　七人 (n) 2-1 seven people
しゃしん　　写真 (n) 2-1 photograph
じゅう　　十 (n) 2-1 ten
じゅうにん　　十人 (n) 2-1 ten people
そふ　　祖父 (n) 2-1 grandfather (my)
そぼ　　祖母 (n) 2-1 grandmother (my)
だれ (inter.) 2-1 who
でんわ　　電話 (n) 2-1 telephone
なん/なに　　何 (inter.) 2-1 what
なんにん　　何人 (inter.) 2-1 how many people
に　　二 (n) 2-1 two
ねこ　　猫 (n) 2-1 cat
はち　　八 (n) 2-1 eight
はちにん　　八人 (n) 2-1 eight people
ひとり　　一人 (n) 2-1 one person
ふたり　　二人 (n) 2-1 two people
よにん　　四人 (n) 2-1 four people
よん/し　　四 (n) 2-1 four
ろく　　六 (n) 2-1 six
ろくにん　　六人 (n) 2-1 six people
Other words you might like to know
いちばんうえの　あに/あね　　一番上の　兄/姉 (n) 2-1 my oldest brother/sister
いちばんしたのおとうと/いもうと　　一番下の　弟/妹 (n) 2-1 my youngest brother/sister
ぎりの〜 2-1 step-
すぐしたのおとうと/いもうと　　すぐ下の弟/妹 (n) 2-1 my next youngest brother/sister
にばんめのあに/あね　　二番目の兄/姉 (n) 2-1 my second oldest brother/sister

2-2
いえ/うち　　家 (n) 2-2 house, home
いもうとさん　　妹さん (n) 2-2 younger sister (someone else’s)
おかあさん　　お母さん (n) 2-2 mother (someone else’s)
おじいさん (n) 2-2 grandfather (someone else’s)
おじさん (n) 2-2 uncle or man quite a bit older than you
おとうさん　　お父さん (n) 2-2 father (someone else’s)
おとうとさん　　弟さん (n) 2-2 younger brother (someone else’s)
おにいさん　　お兄さん (n) 2-2 older brother (someone else’s)
おねえさん　　お姉さん (n) 2-2 older sister (someone else’s)
おばあさん (n) 2-2 grandmother (someone else’s)
おばさん (n) 2-2 aunt or woman quite a bit older than you
きゅうじゅう　　九十 (n) 2-2 ninety
ごじゅう　　五十 (n) 2-2 fifty
さんじゅう　　三十 (n) 2-2 thirty
じゅういち　　十一 (n) 2-2 eleven
じゅうく/じゅうきゅう　　十九 (n) 2-2 nineteen
じゅうご　　十五 (n) 2-2 fifteen
じゅうさん　　十三 (n) 2-2 thirteen
じゅうなな/じゅうしち　　十七 (n) 2-2 seventeen
じゅうに　　十二 (n) 2-2 twelve
じゅうはち　　十八 (n) 2-2 eighteen
じゅうよん/じゅうし　　十四 (n) 2-2 fourteen
じゅうろく　　十六 (n) 2-2 sixteen
と (part.) 2-2 and
ともだち　　友達 (n) 2-2 friend
ななじゅう　　七十 (n) 2-2 seventy
にじゅう　　二十 (n) 2-2 twenty
にじゅういち　　二十一 (n) 2-2 twenty-one
はちじゅう　　八十 (n) 2-2 eighty
ひと　　人 (n) 2-2 person
ひゃく　　百 (n) 2-2 one hundred
よんじゅう　　四十 (n) 2-2 forty
ろくじゅう　　六十 (n) 2-2 sixty
2-3
あの 2-3 that (thing) over there
あめ (n) 2-3 candy, rain
ありがとう (exp.) 2-3 thanks
この 2-3 this (thing)
その 2-3 that (thing)
てぃーしゃつ　　Tシャツ (n) 2-3 T-shirt
どういたしまして (exp.) 2-3 you’re welcome
どうも　ありがとう (exp.) 2-3 thank you
どの (inter.) 2-3 which (thing)
ぼうし (n) 2-3 hat/cap


2-4
あそこ (pron.) 2-4 over there
いくつ (inter.) 2-4 how many (things)?
いつつ　　五つ (n) 2-4 five (things)
えんぴつ　　鉛筆 (n) 2-4 pencil
かばん　　鞄 (n) 2-4 bag, satchel
かみ　　紙 (n) 2-4 paper
けしごむ　　消しゴム (n) 2-4 eraser
こくばん　　黒板 (n) 2-4 blackboard
ここ (pron.) 2-4 here
ここのつ　　九つ (n) 2-4 nine (things)
したじき　　下敷き (n) 2-4 writing pad, mat
そこ (pron.) 2-4 there
ちょーく　　チョーク (n) 2-4 chalk
とお　　十 (n) 2-4 ten (things)
どこ (inter.) 2-4 where?
ななつ　　七つ (n) 2-4 seven (things)
のーと　　ノート (n) 2-4 notebook
ばっくぱっく　　バックパック (n) 2-4 backpack
ひとつ　　一つ (n) 2-4 one (thing)
ふたつ　　二つ (n) 2-4 two (things)
ぺん　　ペン (n) 2-4 pen
ぼーるぺん　　ボールペン (n) 2-4 (ballpoint) pen
まんが　　漫画 (n) 2-4 Japanese comics
みず　　水 (n) 2-4 water
みっつ　　三つ (n) 2-4 three (things)
むっつ　　六つ (n) 2-4 six (things)
やっつ　　八つ (n) 2-4 eight (things)
よっつ　　四つ (n) 2-4 four (things)
2-5
ああ (exp.) 2-5 Ah! Oh!
あさ　朝 (n) 2-5 morning
あさごはん　朝ご飯 (n) 2-5 breakfast
たこ (n) 2-5 octopus
たこす　　タコス (n) 2-5 Mexican taco(s)
ばん　　晩 (n) 2-5 evening
ばんごはん　　晩ご飯 (n) 2-5 dinner, evening meal
ひる　　昼 (n) 2-5 daytime, noon
ひるごはん　　昼ご飯 (n) 2-5 lunch
ペコペコ 2-5 mimetic expression for hunger

The Ins and Outs of
Schools in Japan 第 3 課

A) how schools and grades in Japan compare to A) say that things do or do not exist and talk about things that you
your school system have or do not have
B) what happens in a typical Japanese school day B) use direct objects appropriately in statements and questions
C) about daily class schedules of students in Japan C) use time words to talk about the past, present, and future
D) how to compare two situations using “but” D) talk about your school, grade level, and class schedule
E) how to engage in basic small talk about the E) talk to a Japanese person about his/her own school day and an-
weather swer basic questions about your school day in Japanese
F) 28 additional kanji F) talk about which classes you are taking and which you are not taking
G) read and write 28 additional kanji

いいえ、小学校はありません。
第3課の1 No, there is no elementary school.

3-1 No, there is no elementary school. 87
会話 Dialogue
かいわ
じゅん：中学校は　ここ　です。高校は　あそこ　です。

ちゅうがっこうこうこう
キアラ
きあら
：大学
だいがく
は　ありますか。
じゅん：はい、私の　友達ともだち
の　お兄にい
さんの　大学だいがく
が　あります。
キアラ：小学校は　ありますか。
きあら
じゅん：いいえ、小学校は　ありません。

じゅん：キアラ
きあら
さんは　高校こうこう
　二年生　ですね。僕
ねんせいぼく
は　一年生　です。じゃあ、学校に　はいり
ねんせい
ましょう*。
キアラ
きあら
：はい、はいりましょう。
じゅん：あっ！くつは　だめ　です！
キアラ
きあら
：すみません。きょう教室しつ
は　どこ　ですか。
じゅん：１の３は　あそこ　です。先生せんせい
も　あそこに　います。
こちらは　山本先生　です。英語
やまもとせんせいえいご
の　先生せんせい
です。
キアラ
きあら
：初
はじ
めまして。私は　キアラきあら
　です。どうぞ　よろしく　おねがいします。
山本
やまもと
：ああ、キアラきあら
さん　ですか。初はじ
めまして。どうぞ　よろしく。
ここに　すわって　下くだ
さい。
*はいりましょう – let’s enter/go into
単語 New Words
たんご
山
やま
(n) MP3プレーヤー (n)
M P３ぷれーやー
大
おお
きい (い adj.) 小
ちい
さい (い adj.)
携帯
けいたい
(電話
でんわ
) (n) – 山本
やまもと
(n) – みんな (n) – 皆さん
みなさん
(n) – とても (adv.) – たくさん (n) – あっ (interj.)
cellular telephone a family name everyone everyone very many, a lot – oh
(polite)
少し
すこし
(adv.) –
a little

学校 (n) school 生徒
せいと
(n) or 高校
こうこう
(n) 高校生
こうこうせい
(n) 中学校 (n)
ちゅうがっこう
中学生 (n)
ちゅうがくせい
がっこう
学生
がくせい
(n)
小学校 (n)
小学生 (n)
しょうがくせい
大学
だいがく
(n) 大学生 (n)
だいがくせい
保育園
ほいくえん
(n) 幼稚園
ようちえん
(n)
小学一年生
しょうがくねんせい
(n) – elementary school first grader 中学一年生 (n) – middle school, first year student (7th grader)
ちゅうがくいちねんせい
いち
小学二年生 (n) – elementary school second grader 中学二年生 (n) – middle school, second year student (8th grader)
しょうがくにねんせいちゅうがくにねんせい
小学三年生 (n) – elementary school third grader

しょうがく
中学三年生 (n) – middle school, third year student (9th grader)
ちゅうがくさんねんせい
さんねんせい
小学四年生 (n) – elementary school fourth grader

しょうがくよねんせい
高校一年生 (n) – high school, first year student (10th grader)
こうこういちねんせい
小学五年生 (n) – elementary school fifth grader

しょうがくごねんせい
高校二年生
こうこうにねんせい
(n) – high school, second year student (11th grader)
小学六年生 (n) – elementary school sixth grader

しょうがくろくねんせい
高校三年生 (n) – high school, third year student (12th grader)
こうこうさんねんせい
何年生
なんねんせい
(inter.) – What year/grade? 大学一年生
だいがくいちねんせい
(n) – first year college/university student
漢字 Kanji
かんじ
高　小　中　大　学　校　年　先　生　山
1 コウ; たか (い) – tall, expensive, high
高
2 こ　う
4
3 5
7
6
8
9
10
高 (校 ) – high school; 高 (い) – tall, expensive, high
こうこうたか
This looks like the TALL pagodas found all over East Asia. Many of these TALL pagodas would also be quite
10 strokes EXPENSIVE to build.
1 ショウ; ちい (さい) – small
小
しょう
2 3
小 ( 学校 ) – elementary school; 小 (さい) – small

しょうがっこうちい
3 strokes This is a drawing of a person pulling his/her arms down and closer to his/her body, so as to appear SMALLer.

4 チュウ ; なか – middle, inside
中
ち　ゅ　う
2
1
3 中 ( 学校 ) – middle school; 中 – medium;
ちゅうがっこうちゅう
中 – middle, inside
なか
4 strokes One stroke divides this character right down the MIDDLE.
ダイ ; おお (きい) – big, large
大
2
だ　い
1
3
大 – big, large; 大 (きい) – big, large; 大 ( 学 ) –
だいおおだいがく
college, university
3 strokes This is a drawing of a person with arms stretched out to appear BIG or LARGE.
2 3 ガク – to learn
学
1
がく
5
4
6
7 学 (校 ) – school; ( 中 ) 学 (生 ) – middle school

8 がっこうちゅうがくせい
student
This character is a child (子) under a roof with large drops of “LEARNing” pouring down into the child’s head
8 strokes through the roof of the SCHOOL.
5
2
コウ – school
校
6 こう
1 78
3 4
10
9
学 (校 ) – school; (高 ) 校 ( 生 ) – high school student
がっこうこうこうせい
Tree/wood (木) and a father (父) wearing a top hat (strokes 5 and 6). Years ago a SCHOOL was often no more
10 strokes than a wooden building where a father put on a top hat to teach.
ネン ; とし – year
年
1 2 ねん
6
3
4 何 )年 – what year?; (何 )年 (生 ) – what grade?;
(なんねんなんねんせい
5
(今 ) 年
とし
– this year
こ
The best way to remember this is through repetition by writing the year on all homework and tests from now
6 strokes on. For example: 1492年, 1967年…
セン – earlier, future
先
3
1 せ　ん
2
4
5 6
先 (生 ) – teacher; 先 ( 週 ) – last week
せんせいせんしゅう
This kanji is a picture of a very big pot of earth (土) with a small sprout planted EARLIER, growing on the left.
6 strokes It is being carried by a MASTER gardener whose legs can be seen below the tray.

3 セイ – life; う(まれる) – to be born
生
1 せい
2
4
(先 )生 – teacher; ( 何年 )生 – what grade?
5 せんせいなんねんせい
5 strokes The earth/soil (土) is the basis of LIFE. This kanji has a new branch, just BORN, near the top.
1 〜サン – Mt. !; やま– mountain
山
さん
2 3
(富士)山 – Mt. Fuji; (大きい )山 – big mountain

ふじさんおおやま
3 strokes This is a primitive drawing of a MOUNTAIN.

1. いません/ありません - does not exist

To change these verbs (います/あります) from the affirmative to the negative, change the !ます ending to !ません.
When affirmative statements are made with !います/あります where people or things exist or are possessed, you
use the particle が after the subject. When you make negative statements with いません/ありません, you often use は
after the subject.
あります - exists (for inanimate objects)

ありません - (does not exist)
います - exists (for animate objects)
いません - (does not exist)
A) あそこに小学校があります。でもちゅうがっこう

例
中学校はありません。
れい = There is an elementary school over there. But there is no middle school over there.
E
X
E
AM PL
B) 犬がいます。でもねこはいません。= There is a dog. But there is no cat.
いぬ
C) 中学校があります。でも高こうこう
校はありません。
= There is a junior high school. But there is no high school.
2. 大きい / 小さい and とても / 少し - The basics of using adverbs and adjectives

おおちいすこ
Use the following pattern to use adjectives and/or adverbs to make basic A=B or A は B です sentences. The adjec-
tive or adverb quite often comes after the は.
Topic は (adverb) adjectiveです。
A B
A) 私の学校は大きいです。 = My school is big.

例
れい B)
がっこう
私のぼうしは少し小さいです。 = My hat is a little small.
すこちい
E
X
E
AM PL
C) じゅん君のバックパックはとても大きいです。
くん
= Jun’s backpack is very big.
ばっくぱっくおお
D) そのノートは大きいですね。
のーとおお
= That notebook is big, isn’t it?

自習 Self Check
じしゅう
1. Say the following out loud to yourself in Japanese. Use affirmative and negative variations of あります and います “to
exist” as needed.
中学校は　
A) There is no junior high school. ⇨ ちゅうがっこう。
B) There are two second year students. ⇨ 二年生
ねんせい
が　二人。
ふたり
C) There is no high school. ⇨ 。

D) There are four siblings. ⇨ 。
E) I have 4 friends. ⇨ 。
F) There is no cat. ⇨ 。
G) There are no bags over there. ⇨ 。
H) There are a pencil and 2 erasers over there. ⇨ 。
2. Say the following out loud to yourself in Japanese. Include the words for big, small, a little, and very as needed.
A) My Japanese class is large. ⇨ 私の　日本語の　クラスは　　です。
くらす
B) My eraser is small. ⇨ 私の　消しゴムは　　です。

けしごむ
C) The Japanese classroom is a little small. ⇨ 。

D) The University of is very large. ⇨ 。
E) My friend’s school is very small. ⇨ 。

1. Pair Work
Use objects on your desk, in the classroom, and in the pictures below for this activity. Take turns using Japanese to ask
if each of the objects exists or not (on the desk or in the room). Answer the questions using あります／ありません or
います/いません. (Note: Use the particle は in questions about existence.)
例
れい
A-さん: ぼうしはありますか。
B-さん: はい、ぼうしがあります。
= Do you have a hat?/Is there a hat?
= Yes, I have a hat./Yes, there is a hat.
E
X
E
AM PL
-OR-
いいえ、ぼうしはありません。 = No, I don’t have a hat./No, there is no hat.

2. Pair Work
Compare this list of people with the picture of
Kiara’s family. Using your Japanese, take turns
例 A-さん: お父さんはいますか？ = Is father here?
B-さん: はい、います。 = Yes, he is (here).
stating whether these people are in the picture れい
E
X
E
AM PL
with Kiara’s family or not. Use います/いません. -OR- いいえ、いません。 = No, he is not (here).
(Note: は is the particle used in the question.)

お父さん妹さん
お母さんおばあさん
お兄さんおばさん
お姉さんおじいさん
弟さんおじさん
3. Class Activity – Information Gap

A) Your 先生 will choose six to seven students who will stand equally spaced around the perimeter of the classroom.
せんせい
Each student will be holding a card with an object on it. The card pictures will be familiar nouns which you have
learned such as 高校こうこう
, 寿司 , 鉛筆 , 猫 , 犬 , 家
すしえんぴつねこいぬいえ
, あめ, and ぼうし. On the backs of the cards, the instructor will have
written “small,” “large,” “a little small,” “very big,” etc.
B) The remaining students will pair up and work together to figure out the sizes of each object, and then redraw that
object on a piece of scrap paper.
C) A-さん will interview one person standing and ask the size of the object on that picture card.
A-さん: ぼうしは　ありますか。 = Is there a hat?
B-さん: はい、あります。 = Yes, there is.
A-さん: ぼうしは　大おお
きいですか。 = Is it big?
B-さん: はい。ぼうしは　とても　大おお
きい　です。 = Yes, the hat is very big.
-OR-
いいえ。 = No.
D) A-さん then reports that information to B-さん who draws what he/she hears and writes a sentence about it.
A-さん to B-さん:　ぼうしは　とても　大おお
きい　です。
B-さん must draw the object so that the relative size is clear and write a sentence about it. For example, 友達
ともだち
の　ぼうしは　大
おお
きいです。
4. Interview Practice
Draw the chart below on a piece of scrap paper. Interview at least five classmates. Ask each his/her name and what
grade he/she is in and record that information on your chart, in English. When everyone has finished interviewing,
use your Japanese to report the grade level of one of your interviewees to the class.

A: お名前は何ですか。 = What is your name?

例
れい
B:
なまえ
Chelsea です。 = It is Chelsea.
ちぇるしー
E
X
E
AM PL A: Chelsea -さん、何年生ですか。 = Chelsea, what year are you?
ちぇるしーねんせい
B: 高校二年生です。 = (I’m a) 2nd year high school student.
こうこうにねんせい
A: はい、分かりました。 = Oh, I understand.
わ
-OR-
ああ、そうですか。 = Oh, really?
名前
なまえ
年生
ねんせい

ぶんかばこ
School System
Japan has a variety of public and private schools. Students in Japan almost all go
through twelve years of public or private education and most advance to some type
of post-secondary education. Typical schools are organized as follows:
Elementary School: 6 years

Junior High School: 3 years
High School: 3 years
Most students also go to nursery school (幼稚園ようちえん

) and kindergarten (保育園 ).
ほいくえん
During their ninth year of school (中学三年生 ), students are busy studying for en-
ちゅうがくさんねんせい
trance examinations to get into the high school of their choice. Similarly, during their
twelfth year of school (高校三年生 ), students must study for the college entrance
こうこうさんねんせい
exams. In their last year of junior high and in their last year of high school, students
are often expected to focus their time on working to pass these exams. This is why
it is rare for high school students to have part-time jobs, or even to be involved in
other activities outside of schoolwork during their last year of high school. Students
even eliminate their club activities during their final year of high school to provide
more time for exam preparation. Parents generally feel that the student’s main “job”
is to successfully pass the entrance exams for high school and then for college or
university.
Many Japanese students go to じゅく (cram schools) for extra study and practice
for these entrance exams. Some students even start attending じゅく as early as el-
ementary school. Many families feel that the amount of time and money spent preparing for entrance exams is worth it,
since Japanese society places much social status on the high school and college one attends. One benefit of this system
for students is that their parents care so much about this exam that many high schoolers have almost no chores to do at
home while they are preparing for the exams!


n What grade levels are in high schools in Japan?

o Where did Kiara’s teacher study English?
p Describe Kiara’s school.
Dear Journal,
We had our first day of school today. To get to our 学校 , we had to change trains twice, and then walk
がっこう
about five blocks. It took about thirty minutes. At home, I usually ride the school bus, butじゅん君 said
くん
that they don’t use school buses in Japan.
小学校 consists of 一年生から　六年生、中学校は grades 7-9 or 中学一年生から　中学
ちゅうがく
しょうがっこうねんせいねんせいちゅうがっこうちゅうがくねんせい
三年生、as they are called. 高校 is grades 10-12 or 高校　一年生から　高校　三年生 . Since 高
さんねんせいこうこうこうこうさんねんせい
校 is not mandatory, everyone who attends 高校 in Japan has to pass an entrance exam in order to be
accepted. Nearly everyone in the entire country goes to 高校. It’s a lot different from home, where it is
easy to enter 高校. ベン君 is still a 中学生. ベン君は中学三年生。じゅん君は　高校　一年生で
くん
す。私は高校二年生です。
My homeroom teacher, 山本先生, is really kind. He’s from 横浜 and travels almost an hour every day
よこはま
to get to this 高校 . He is one of the English teachers here. He studied at 東京大学, one of the best and
こうこう
oldest universities in Japan. Right after college, he lived in New Zealand for one year, so he speaks English
with a New Zealand accent. I never really thought about how many different kinds of accents there are
just in my own language.
この　高校は　とても　大きい　です。It’s three stories tall, like most schools, complete with a
こい pond in the middle of the courtyard. I think I’m going to like going out there to draw. My homeroom’s
on the first floor, and I stay in that one room most of the day. In Japan, teachers move from classroom
to classroom more than the students do. Each teacher has a desk in the large faculty room next to the
principal’s office, and they usually carry their things around with them from classroom to classroom like
students do in the U.S.
After classes, we all had to clean the floors, blackboard, and the hallway outside of our room, empty the
trash can, and clean up part of the schoolyard. My 先生 in the U.S. told me about this, but I thought that
it was a joke! It wasn’t too bad, though; I actually enjoyed getting a bit of exercise in the afternoon.

てくのじかん
1. Though you’ve not been introduced to them all, type all the vocabulary words from this chapter into your digital
dictionary. Remember to use your file labeled “JISHO” (in romaji).

社会と音楽と英語があります。
しゃかいおんがくえいご
第３課の2 You will have social studies, music and English.

会話 Dialogue
かいわ
キアラ
きあら
：先生、おはよう　ございます。
山本
やまもと
先生：おはよう。
キアラ：今日
きょう
の　スケジュールを　*おしえて　下くだ
さい。
きあらすけじゅーる
山本
やまもと
先生：はい。学校は　八時はちじ
　から　です。今日
きょう
は、社会しゃかい
と　国語
こくご
と　体育
たいいく
と　美術と　音楽
おんがくびじゅつ
と　英語
えいご
が　あります。しつもんは　ありますか。
キアラ
きあら
：はい、あります。明日あした
の　スケジュールと　今日きょう
の　スケジュール
すけじゅーる
は　ちがいます
すけじゅーる
ね。スケジュール
すけじゅーる
は　毎日違いますか。
まいにちちが
山本
やまもと
先生：時間割　ですか。ええ、毎日まいにち
　ちがいます。
じかんわり
*おしえて　下さい – please teach (tell) me

くだ
単語 New Words
たんご
科目 (n) – subject, course

かもく
スケジュール (n)
すけじゅーる
クラス (n)
くらす
教室 (n)
きょうしつ
英語
えいご
(n) 国語
こくご
(n)
数学
すうがく
(n) 科学
かがく
(n) 体育
たいいく
(n) 美術
びじゅつ
(n) 音楽
おんがく
(n)
授業 (n)
じゅぎょう
ホームルーム
ほーむるーむ
(n) 昼
ひる
休み (n) 宿題 (n)
しゅくだい
小テスト (n)
しょうてすと
テスト (n)
てすと
試験
しけん
(n) 作文
さくぶん
(n) 楽
たの
しい (い adj.) 難しい (い adj.)
むずか

3-2 You will have social studies, music and English. 97
Hours and Minutes

一時
いちじ
1:00 八時
はちじ
8:00 一分
いっぷん
:01 十分
じゅっぷん/じっぷん
:10
＊
二時
にじ
2:00 九時
くじ
9:00 二分
にふん
:02 十一分
じゅういっぷん
:11
三時
さんじ
3:00 十時
じゅうじ
10:00 三分
さんぷん
:03 十二分
じゅうにふん
:12
＊
四時
よじ
4:00 十一時
じゅういちじ
11:00 四分
よんぷん
:04 十三分
じゅうさんぷん
:13
五時
ごじ
5:00 十二時
じゅうにじ
12:00 五分
ごふん
:05 二十分 :20
にじゅっぷん /にじっぷん
六時
ろくじ
6:00 何時
なんじ
(inter.) what time? 六分
ろっぷん
:06 二十一分
にじゅういっぷん
:21
七時
ななじ/しちじ
7:00 七分
ななふん
:07 四十三分
よんじゅうさんぷん
:43
八分
はっぷん/はちふん
:08 何分
なんぷん
(inter.) how many
minutes?
九分
きゅうふん
:09
*Note the pronunciations for 4 o’clock and 9 o’clock.
a.m. p.m.
午前
ごぜん
(n) 午後
ごご
(n) 今
いま
(n) 今日
きょう
(n) 毎日
まいにち
(n) 昨日
きのう
(n) 明日
あした
(n)
時々
ときどき
(n/adv.) – ちょっと (adv.) – 前
まえ
(n/adv.) – 〜すぎ – past, 〜ごろ – about から (part.) – from
sometimes a little in front, before after, too (much) 〜はん (n) – half
Other words you might like to use:
生物学 (n)
せいぶつがく
biology 一秒 (n)
いちびょう
1 second
保健体育
ほけんたいいく
(n) health education 二秒 (n) 2 seconds
にびょう
家庭科
かていか
(n) home economics 三秒
さんびょう
(n) 3 seconds
歴史
れきし
(n) history 四秒
よんびょう
(n) 4 seconds
アメリカ史 (n)
あめりかし
American history 五秒
ごびょう
(n) 5 seconds
日本史し
(n) Japanese history 六秒 (n)
ろくびょう
6 seconds
世界史
せかいし
(n) world history 七秒 (n) 7 seconds
ななびょう
経済学
けいざいがく
(n) economics 八秒 (n)
はちびょう
8 seconds
心理学 (n)
しんりがく
psychology 九秒 (n) 9 seconds
きゅうびょう
物理学 (n)
ぶつりがく
physics 十秒 (n) 10 seconds
じゅうびょう
事務所
じむしょ
(n) office 何秒 (inter.) how many seconds?
なんびょう

漢字 Kanji
かんじ
英　国　音　楽　今　分
2 3 エイ – gifted, talented
英
1
えい
7
5
4
6
8
英 ( 語 ) – English
えいご
The first three strokes are the plant radical, while the rest looks like a flower box on the big (大) stand of a
8 strokes TALENTED ENGLISH gardener who speaks ENGLISH to the plants to make them grow.
〜コク , 〜ごく, くに – country, nation
国
2
こく
1
3 4
5 ( 中 )国 – China; (韓 )国 – Korea;
かんこく
7 ちゅうごく
6
(母 )国 – mother country
ぼこく
8
This shows a king (王 ), bouncing a ball (玉 ) in his four-walled kingdom (country). It shows that it is easy to
おうたま
8 strokes have a ball in your own COUNTRY, but cool things can also happen in other COUNTRIES.
1 オン , おと – sound
音
2 おん
3 4
5 7
6 8
音 (楽 ) – music; 音 – sound
9 おんがくおと
This kanji consists of two parts. To stand (立) is on top of the sun (日). Imagine the SOUND someone would
9 strokes want to make standing on the sun!
1 ガク , たの(しい) – fun, enjoyable
楽
8
6 3 がく
2 4
5 9
7 11
10 音 (楽 ) – music; 楽 (しい) – fun, enjoyable
12 13 おんがくたの
13 strokes This kanji looks like a white (白) bird chirping HAPPILY and with great JOY on top of a short tree (木).
1 コン – this, いま – now
今
2 こん
3
4 今 (日は ) – hello; 今 (何時) – What time is it now?
こんにちいまなんじ
This shows a two-story house with a roof held up by only one wall: the house leans to the right under the
4 strokes weight. The owner needs to fix it NOW!
ブン, フン, プンぷん
– minute, portion;
2 ぶんふん
分
1 わ(かる) – to understand
3 4
(一 )分 , (二 )分 , (三 )分 – one minute, two minutes,
いっぷんにふんさんぷん
three minutes; 分
わ
(かります) – to understand
This kanji has an eight (八) on top of a sword (刀). When you use a sword to cut something into eight small
4 strokes parts, like reducing an hour down to MINUTES, you can more easily UNDERSTAND it.


1. The direct object particle – を

The direct object is the object or person that receives the action of a verb. The particle を, the direct object indicator,
is pronounced “o,” just like the hiragana お. It is found in the “w” column on the hiragana chart, though, and is typed
“wo.” The particle を comes after the direct object.
A) = Please read the manga.

例
漫画を読んで下さい。
まんがよくだ
れい B) えんぴつを出して下さい = Please take out a pencil.
だ
E
X E
くだ
AM PL
C) 本を開いて下さい。 = Please open the book.
ひらくだ
D) 紙を貸して下さい。 = Please lend me paper.
かみかくだ
In the first example, the 漫画 is receiving the action of the verb (what is being read). In the second example, the
まんが
えんぴつ is receiving the action of the verb (it is what is being taken out). Therefore, 漫画
まんが
and えんぴつ are direct
objects and are followed by the particle を.
2. Telling time 2:00 – 二

A. Hours: 時 is the counter for hours. It is used like “o’clock” in English, following the
例に
時じ
じ
れい 6:00 – 六時
E
X
E
AM PL ろくじ
number. Unlike o’clock, 時 cannot be cut when telling time. For instance, for 5:00 it is 4:00 – 四時
よじ
OK to say “It is five” in English but incorrect to say「五です」in Japanese. You must say 9:00 – 九時
ごくじ
五時
ごじ
です」 .
Use 前 or すぎ to talk about “before # o’clock” or “after # o’clock.” These words always follow the time expression,
まえ
never preceding it.
九時前
くじまえ
before 9
十一時
じゅういちじ
すぎ after 11
五時十分前 ten minutes before 5

ごじじゅっぷんまえ
八時二十分すぎ twenty minutes after 8

はちじにじゅっぷん
Use the particle から (from) after the time expression to talk about when something starts.
学校
がっこう
七時半
は　しちじ/ななじはん
から　です。 School starts (is from) 7:30.
英語
えいご
の　授業
じゅうぎょう
は　九時十五分
ごふん
から　です。 English class starts at (is from) 9:15.
くじじゅう
ばんごはんは、まいにち　六時四十五分から　です。
ろくじよんじゅうごふん
Every day, dinner starts at (is from) 6:45.
B. Minutes: 分 or 分 is the counter for minutes. The pronunciation of 分

ふん
ふんぷん 1:05 – 一時五分
or 分
ぷん
changes slightly depending on the number that precedes it. 例
れい 3:45 –
いちじごふん
三時四十五分
さんじよんじゅうごふん
E
X
E
AM PL
11:20 – 十一時二十分
じゅういちじにじゅっぷん/じっぷん
7:30 – 七時三十分
しちじ/ななじさんじゅっぷん/じっぷん

3. Time words
There are two types of time words in Japanese, GENERAL and SPECIFIC.
A. General time words used as adverbs do not need any particle after them. General time words include:
今 (now) 毎日
まいにち
(every day) 明日
あした
(tomorrow)
いま
今日
きょう (today)
毎月 (every month) 毎年 (every year)
まいとし/まいねん
まいつき/まいげつ
General time words may be followed by the particle は

WA
, to indicate emphasis or that the time is the actual topic. Time
words can appear in many different places in a sentence, but they usually come toward the beginning.
B. The particle に follows immediately after specific time words (when we would use the prepositions on, in, or at in
English). Specific time words include:
二時三十分に
にじさんじゅっぷん
at 2:30
六時
ろくじ
に at 6 o’clock
２０5８年に
にせんごじゅうはちねん
in the year 2058
Below are some example sentences showing how to use both general and specific time words and expressions.
例 A) 明日この本を貸してくだ下さい。 = Tomorrow, please lend me this book.

あしたか
れい B) そのあと紙下さい。
を出してくだ = After that, please take out some paper.
かみ
E
X だ
E
AM PL
C) 八時半に黒板を見て下さい。 = Please look at the blackboard at 8:30.
はちじはんみ
こくばんくだ
Notice which time words are followed by the particle に.
自習 Self Check
じしゅう
1. Say the following in Japanese, inserting particles as needed.

Â その漢字
かんじ
読
よ
んで　下
くだ
さい。 (Please read that kanji.)
Â まど開けて　下
くだ
さい。 (Please open the window.)
あ
Â 八時
はちじ
宿題
しゅくだい
出
だ
して　下
くだ
さい。 (At 8:00, please take out your homework.)
Â 毎日 Eメール書いて　下
くだ
さい。 (Please write an e-mail every day.)
まいにちめーるか
Â Please read your kanji every day. ⇨

Â Please close your book at 3:00. ⇨

2. Cover up the right column with your hand or a piece of paper as you say the times in the left column out loud to
yourself in Japanese. Check yourself by looking at the right column.
a. 7:00 しちじ
b. 1:30 いちじはん
c. before 3:00 さんじまえ
d. after 9:15 くじじゅうごふんすぎ
e. 5:20 ごじにじゅっぷん
f. 12:33 じゅうにじさんじゅうさんぷん

1. Small Group Work

Take turns giving each other commands. If A-さん is speaking, B-さん should act out the command. A-さん should
pay close attention to the particles in the commands.
A) この本を　開いて　下くだ
さい。 E) 紙
かみ
を　見せて　下さい。
ひらみくだ
B) あのドアどあ
を　しめて　下くだ
さい。 F) この　ひらがなを　読よ
んで　下くだ
さい。
C) 漢字書
を　かいて　下さい。 G) あの　黒板見
を　みて　下さい。
かんじくだこくばんくだ
D) 鉛筆
えんぴつ
を　出だ
して　下
くだ
さい。 H) 日本の　音楽おんがく
を　聞き
いて　下くだ
さい。
2. Pair Practice
What time is it? Information Gap Activity
Your teacher has placed clocks on opposite walls of the room. A-さん should go to one of the clocks, read the time
silently and remember it, and then go back and say the time in Japanese to B-さん. Repeat this until half of the clocks
are recorded. Switch roles and finish.
Q 今何時
いまなんじ
ですか。
A 今、です。
いま
3. Pair Work
Copy the chart below onto a scrap piece of paper. Your partner will ask you if you have the following classes or subjects
and who the teacher is. Answer using one of these general time words: 毎日、時々、明日、or 今日 . If you don’t
まいにちときどきあしたきょう
have a class this semester, answer ありません. Your partner will write down your answers in the correct columns.
A-さん: 美術の授業は毎日ありますか。 = Do you have art class every day?

例
れい
びじゅつじゅぎょう
B-さん: はい、毎日あります。
まいにち
= Yes, I have (art class) every day.
まいにち
E
X
E
AM PL
-OR- いいえ、毎日じゃありません。 = No, not every day.
まいにち
(if they have the class):
A-さん: そうですか。美術の先生の名前は何ですか。 = Really. What is the name of your art teacher?
びじゅつなまえ
B-さん: ＿＿＿先せんせい
生です。 = It’s Mr./Ms. .

Class every day sometimes today tomorrow no Teacher

英語
えいご
数学
すうがく
体育
たいいく
音楽
おんがく
国語
こくご
科学
かがく
美術
びじゅつ
(other)
4. Pair Work
Draw six clocks on a piece of scrap pa-
per, numbering them from 1 to 6. A-さん (assume B has drawn in 5:15 on clock number 4)
should draw in times on clocks 1 through 3
例
れい A-さん：四は何時ですか。 = What time is (clock) 4?
よんなんじ
E
X
E
AM PL
and B-さん should draw in times on clocks B-さん：四は五時十五分です。 = (Clock) 4 is 5:15.
よんごじじゅうごふん
4 through 6. Don’t let your partner see the

times you write down. Next, take turns
asking what time it is.

ぶんかばこ
High School Courses

Most courses offered in a Japanese high school can be found in other countries as well. However, some Japanese high
schools offer classes you might not see in a typical non-Japanese high school, such as 書道 (calligraphy), 古文
こぶん
(classical
しょどう
Japanese) and 倫理 (ethics). English classes are required study beginning in middle school.
りんり

n List three of Kiara’s six classes.

o What is Kiara’s favorite class? Which will be her most difficult class? Why?
p Give a specific example of how Kiara’s language skills have improved.
q Make a sentence in Japanese using a specific time expression about your own daily schedule.

Dear Journal,
I had my second day of 高校 today. 毎日　六つの　クラスが　あります。社会と　国語と
まいにちくらすしゃかいこくご
数学と　美術びじゅつ
と　音楽おんがく
と　英語が　あります。美術が　とても　楽しい　です。日本の
すうがくえいごたの
学校　の　国語のクラスは　日本語　です。私の　数学の　先生は　とても　いい人
すうがく
です。先生は　この　高校に九年間　います。Most teachers are transferred to other schools every
five years or so. It’s not that common to have a 先生 at the same school for as long as 私の　数学の
先生。山本先生は　この　高校に　三年間　います。
クラスは　ちょっと　大きい　です。生徒が　四十一人　います。The rest of my classes are
せいと
about the same size. 高校は　一年生から　三年生まで　です。私の　社会の　先生は　とても
しゃかい
いい　先生　です。She lived in the U.S. for two years right after college as an assistant Japanese
teacher in a high school in Seattle. She really liked it there. She said that the weather there was similar
to the weather where she grew up, in 金沢 .
かなざわ
私の　国語の　先生も　いい　先生　です。It’s still going to be my hardest 授業 by far. I only

じゅぎょう
know a little Japanese and I’m going to have to find a lot of ways to help myself remember new 単語 and
たんご
漢字 as I go through the year. I should be able to learn a lot this year, as long as I remember to review
my 単語 and 漢字　毎日。
国語、which of course is what we would call 日本語 in America, is an interesting term. It makes sense.
“Nation’s language.” While there are Koreans, Chinese, English, Australians, Americans, and other people from
all over the world living here, Japan is basically a country where the vast majority of people are ethnic
Japanese and Japanese is the official language.
美術 is still my favorite class. We are starting out this year drawing from a still life, but we’re also
keeping a sketchbook where we can draw whatever we like, after we finish our assignment.
私の　日本語 is improving a little more each day. One of the things that I realized today was
how to use the particle を。For example, じゅん君 asked me,“漫画を　読みますか。”後で, he
まんがよあと
said“ドアを　開けて下さい。”So when I wanted to ask him for a pencil, I knew that pencil is
どああくだ
“鉛筆
えんぴつ
” and that “ 貸して下さい ” means “please lend.” And after listening to じゅん君の requests, I
か
realized which particle I need to use between “pencil” and “please lend me.” じゅん君 said that if the
“pencil” is what is borrowed, or the “漫画” is what is read, or if the “door” is what is to be opened, the
object (or sometimes it is a person) that has the action done to it must be followed by “を.” That’s the
direct object.
The other language point I picked up today was about time. It seems that whenever anyone refers to
a specific time to do something, like 一時に (at one o’clock) or 2051年に (in the year 2051), the time is
followed by the particle に. If you are using words that don’t talk about specific times but are more general
like 今年 (this year) or 毎日 (every day) you don’t use に after the word. I was excited——my language
skills are growing so quickly!

次は何時間目ですか。
つぎなんじかんめ
第3課の3 What period is next?

3-3 What period is next? 105
会話 Dialogue
かいわ
じゅん：ここは　コンピューターラボこんぴゅーたーらぼ
　です。あそこは　体育館　です。
たいいくかん
キアラ
きあら
：そう　ですか。　図書館は　どこ　ですか。
としょかん
じゅん：あそこ　です。
キアラ
きあら
：この　高校こうこう
は　とても　大おお
きい　ですね。次つぎ
は　何時間目
なんじかんめ
　ですか。
じゅん：ええと。次つぎ
＊四時間目
は　よじかんめ　です。四時間目よじかんめ
は　数学すうがく
　です。
キアラ
きあら
：五時間目
ごじかんめ
は　何なん
　ですか。
じゅん：五時間目
ごじかんめ
は　英語えいご
　です。六時間目ろくじかんめ
は　美術びじゅつ
　です。
授業の　後、部活が　あります。私　の　クラブは　柔道部　です。
じゅぎょうあとぶかつくらぶじゅうどうぶ
キアラ
きあら
：そう　です　か。私は、 +
茶色　帯　三だん　です。
ちゃいろおびさん
じゅん：ええっ！三段さんだん
　ですか。すごい　ですね。
* Notice this is pronounced YOJIKANME, dropping the “N” sound of YON.

+
茶色　帯　三段 – third degree brown belt
ちゃいろおびさんだん
単語 New Words
たんご
一時間目
いちじかんめ
(n) – 1st period 放課後 (n/adv.) – after school
ほうかご
二時間目
にじかんめ
(n) – 2nd period 後 – after
あと
三時間目
さんじかんめ
(n) – 3 period rd
後で – afterwards
あと
四時間目
よじかんめ
* (n) –4 period th
次 (adv.) – next
つぎ
五時間目
ごじかんめ
(n) – 5 period th
部活 (n) – school clubs/activities
ぶかつ
六時間目
ろくじかんめ
(n) – 6 period th
何時間目
なんじかんめ
(inter.) – what period?
* To refer to the club (部活 ) of a sport or group, put 部 after the sport or group. For example バスケ is basketball while バスケ部 is basketball
ぶかつぶばすけ
team or club.
図書館 (n) 体育館 (n) コンピューターラボ (n) 成績 (n) 野球 or ベースボール (n)

としょかんたいいくかんこんぴゅーたーらぼせいせきやきゅう　　　べーすぼーる
バスケ (n)
ばすけ
柔道 (n)
じゅうどう
がっしょう (n) 寺
てら (n)
神社
じんじゃ
(n)

Other words you might like to use:
ブラスバンド部 (n) 陸上部

りくじょうぶ
(n) たっきゅう部 (n) けんどう部 (n) バスケ部 (n) バレーボール部
ばれーぼーるぶ
(n)
ぶらすばんどぶばすけぶ
漢字 Kanji
かんじ
書　寺　時　門　間　下
6
ショ , か(く/きます) – write
書
1 しょ
2
3
4
5 8 書 (きます) – to write; (図)書 (館 ) – library
7 9 かとしょかん
10
This is a large hand with all four fingers gripping a brush moving forward and backward WRITING the
10 strokes character for sun (日).
2
ジ , てら – temple
寺
1 じ
3
5
4
6 (東大 )寺 – Todaiji Temple in Nara; (お)寺 – temple
とうだいじてら
The upper part of this character is “ground” (土), while the lower part means “an inch,” or a “little bit.” In
6 strokes general, TEMPLES are built on ground that is a little bit more peaceful.
6
ジ , とき – time
時
2 5 じ
1 7
3
8 9
4
10 ( 一 )時 – 1:00; 時 ( 々 ) – sometimes
いちじときどき
The left side of this kanji is the kanji for sun (日) while the right is the kanji for temple (寺). Long ago, temple
10 strokes bells rang to tell the TIME which was measured in the temple by the position of the sun.
2 6
モン – gate
門
1 3 5 7 もん
4 8
(寺の)門 – gate of the temple

てらもん
8 strokes This is a drawing of a GATE. It looks like swinging doors or a swinging GATE.

6 カン , あいだ – interval, space
間
2
1 3 5 7 かん
4 8
9
10
11
(時 )間 – hour (interval) of time;
じかん
12
間 – space between
あいだ
12 strokes This is a drawing of a GATE with the sun poking through the SPACE for an INTERVAL of time.
カ , した – below, under; くだ(る) – descend, give
下
1 か
2 3
下 (さい) – please; 下 – below, under

くだした
The second stroke of this kanji is pointing DOWN, indicating something BELOW or UNDERNEATH. Point at
3 strokes some money on the ground and ask your friend to GIVE it to you.

Class periods
The Japanese words for class periods are formed from several root words. Here is an example for 2nd period, 二時間目 .
にじかんめ
二に
= two ⇨ 二時 = two o’clock ⇨ 二時間 = a two hour period of time
にじにじかん
⇨ 二時間目 = second period
にじかんめ
自習 Self Check
じしゅう
Â Count from 1st period to 7th period in Japanese. Â Count odd periods only.
Â Now count backwards from 7th period to 1st period. Â What are your three best/favorite periods?

1. Pair Practice
The class schedule below is Jun’s schedule
for today. Use this schedule to ask your 例
れい
A-さん: えいご
英語は何時間目ですか。= What period is English?
なんじかんめ
partner what period Jun has which class. 英語は四時間目です。 = English is 4th period.
B-さん: えいご
E
X
E
AM PL よじかんめ
Take turns asking and answering.
今日
きょう
の　時間割
じかんわり
ほ六五ひ四三二一時
う時時る時時時時間
か間間休間間間間目
ご目目み目目目目
ぶすた英しかびじ
かうい語ゃがじゅ
つがいかくゅぎ
どくくいつょ
うう

2. Class Practice
Copy the chart below on a piece of scrap paper. Fill in the 授業 column with the following classes. Be sure to mix
じゅぎょう
up the order:
英語えいご
美術
びじゅつ
数学
すうがく
音楽
おんがく
社会
しゃかい
日本語自習
じしゅう
今日
きょう
の　時間割り
じかんね
時間目
じかんめ
授業
じゅぎょう
生徒の名前
なまえ
せいと
一時間目
いちじかんめ
二時間目
にじかんめ
三時間目
さんじかんめ
四時間目
よじかんめ
五時間目
ごじかんめ
六時間目
ろくじかんめ
Use Japanese to survey your classmates, one at a time, until you find a person with one of the exact classes you have
on your schedule at the exact same period. Use Japanese to ask that student to sign their name in the box on your
form. Begin when your teacher says “HAI, HAJIMEMASHOU.” Once your survey form is completely signed or when
your teacher tells you to stop, sit down. Be prepared to report some of your survey results to the class. You may ask
each student you interview what class they have each period.
A-さん：二時間目は何ですか。 = What class do you have second period?
例
れい B-さん：美術です。
にじかんめなん
= I have art.
びじゅつ
E
X
E
AM PL
If this is the same class that A-さん has second period, A-さん then says:
名前を書いて下さい。
なまえ
= Please write your name.
かくだ

ぶんかばこ
部活
ぶかつ
School Clubs
In Japan, sports teams are considered to be after-school clubs just like the various culture- and music-related groups
are. Students in Japan join one club or sport when they enter high school, rather than many. They usually practice with
this club, or 部活, every day after school for the entire school year and stay with the same group until they graduate.
ぶかつ
There is often a wide range of sports 部活 such as 柔道部 , 空手部, けんどう部, バス
けんどうぶ
ケ部, 野球部, and バレーボール部.
じゅうどうぶからてぶばすけぶやきゅうぶばれーぼーるぶ
Other clubs might include the broadcasting club, art club, tea ceremony club, and English club. The members of clubs
often become very close and this bond can be an important part of a student’s school life.


n What adjective does Kiara use to describe the sport of kendo?

o What are some differences between Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples??
p What is a good thing to do if you miss your stop on the Tokyo subway?
Dear Journal,
Today was so busy. We had our first full day of 学校の　クラス
くらす
。
これは　今日の　クラスの　スケジュールすけじゅうる
　です。始めは　
きょうくらすはじ
ホームルーム　です。一時間目は　国語　です。次は　音楽　です。です。
ほーむるーむいちじかんめこくごつぎおんがく
三時間目　は　社会しゃかい
　です。明日あした
、社会の　授業は　図書館でで　あります。午後
あります午後のの　
さんじかんめじゅぎょうとしょかんごご
クラスの　後で、じゅん君と私 met in the 体育館。I wanted to see the 剣道部。剣道は　とても
くらすあとくんたいいくかんけんどうぶけんどう
難しい　です。
むずか
昨日、on our way home, we passed by an amazing 神社、a Shinto shrine. Shinto is one of Japan’s major
じんじゃ
きのう
religions; Buddhism is the other. Buddhism originated in India, and spread from China to Korea, and then to
Japan. Buddhist temples are called お寺。You can easily tell the difference between shrines and temples,
てら
because the entrance to the grounds of 神社 are set off by a large gate, usually orange, called a 鳥居。Often
とりい
there is a straw rope hung across the top. White paper zigzag cutouts hang from the rope, letting us know that
the space inside this 鳥居 is purified and sacred. In front of a 寺 , you can usually find a large elaborate wooden
てら
門 , with two huge and ferocious guardian deities keeping watch from either side of the gate.
もん
The 鳥居 in front of the shrine on the way home looked really familiar, like I’d seen it someplace before.
とりい
Jun, Ben, and I go most of the way home from school together, so I asked Jun if we could stop and walk
up to the 神社 sometime. He sent a text message to his お母さん, asking if we had time before 晩ご飯
ばんはん
お母さん said OK です. Up close, the 鳥居は　とても　大

おお
きいです。Some 鳥居 are made from 木 ,
とりいき
some are made of stone or concrete, but this one seemed to be made of some sort of metal, which Jun
said is not as common. すごい　です。Inside the shrine grounds, a long row of lanterns (in the shape
of the 東京の　京) led up the hill to the big red 神社 building. The path had large stone fox statues on
both sides. These foxes had an intense stare; they were actually a little freaky. It was as if they wanted
to speak, but had been frozen in time. Beyond the fox statues, at the base of the staircase up to another,
higher, 神社 building, something big and hairy scurried through the bushes. I only caught a glimpse of it
out of the corner of my eye; and neither じゅん君 nor ベン君 saw it. It really made me nervous, so I
べん
asked them if we could go home and come back 明日。
あした
We finally made it back to the subway station, just in time for the next train to 銀座。That was
ぎんざ
where we had to transfer to catch 次の train home. I was tired, and not really paying attention, so
つぎ
before I knew it, the others had walked off the train, onto the platform, and the doors were closing,
with me still sitting there inside the train. This just wasn’t turning out to be my day! じゅん君 had
already told me, though, that if I got lost or separated like this, I should just get out at the 次の

station and wait for him. So I did, and sure enough, he and ベン君 showed up about five minutes later, with
べん
とても　大
おお
きい grins on their faces.

てくのじかん
じゅん君
くん
has just written you the following e-mail from Japan. Open your digi journal and type your reply to his message.
Title it “103-3TT” followed by the first three letters of your last name and the first three of your first name. Good luck!
Dear Friend,
あなたの　高校の　スケジュールを　教

すけじゅーるおし
えて　下
くだ
さい (please teach [tell] me) 。毎日
まい
　どんな　科目
かもく
こうこう
がありますか。
一時間目
いちじかんめ
〜
二時間目
にじかんめ
〜
よろしく　お願いします。
ねが
じゅん

今日、宿題はありません。
きょうしゅくだい
第3課の4 There is no homework today.

会話 Dialogue
かいわ
キアラ
きあら
：先生、すみません。ちょっと　暑い　です。まどを　開けても　いい　ですか。
せんせいあつあ
山本先生
やまもとせんせい
：いい　ですよ。その　まどと　あの　まどを　開あ
けて　下くだ
さい。皆さんみなさん
、今日
きょう
、
しゅくだいは　ありません。でも、しょう小テスト
てすと
が　あります。それでは、教科書と　
きょうしょ
紙
かみ
　一枚を　出して　下さい。鉛筆
いちまいえんぴつ
も　出して　下さい。
だくだだくだ
キアラ
きあら
：先生、すみません。ペンで　書いても　いい　ですか。
せんせいぺんか
山本先生：ペン
やまもとせんせいぺん
は　だめ　です。鉛筆えんぴつ
で　書
か
いて　下くだ
さい。皆さん
みなさん
　鉛筆
えんぴつ
は　ありますか。
皆
みんな
：はい、あります。
山本先生：はい、じゃあ　始
やまもとせんせい
めましょう。
はじ
単語 New Words
たんご
だめ (な adj.) 暑
あつ
い (い adj.) 寒
さむ
い (い adj.) 涼
すず
しい (い adj.) 蒸
む
し暑
あつ
い (い adj.)
ドア
どあ
(n) – door 窓
まど
(n) – window でも (part./conj.) 開
あ
ける／開
あ
けます (v) – 閉
し
める／閉
し
めます (v) –
– but to open (doors/windows) to close (doors, windows)
漢字 Kanji
かんじ
暑　寒　神　社
2 あつ(い) – hot (weather/temp.)
暑
1 3
4 8
6
5
7
9 11
10
暑 (い) – hot (weather/temp.)
12
あつ
This kanji is made up of a very HOT sun (日) on top of the land (土) with a blazing HOT sword cutting into it
12 strokes and another very HOT sun (日) below, making it twice as HOT!
1 さむ(い) – cold (weather/temp.)
寒
3
2 5 6
4
7
8 10
9
11 寒 (い) – cold (weather/temp.)
さむ
12
Under the roof of this kanji is a grid shape of a radiator trying to heat up a very COLD room. At the bottom of
12 strokes the kanji are two snowflakes representing winter (冬) which makes things even COLDER!

3-4 There is no homework today. 113
9 シン, ジン , かみ – God/god, spirits
神
1
5 しんじん
↘ 6
2 7
4 8 神 (社 ) – Shinto shrine; 神 (道 ) – Shinto religion,
じんじゃしんとう
3
literally “the way of the gods”; 神 (樣 ) – god(s)
かみさま
The left side is a version of the radical that means “to show” (示); the right side is a rice field (田) with a long line
9 strokes extending from ground to the heavens. It is very important to show the GODS how hard you are trying to grow a good
crop.
1 6 シャ , ジャ – association, company
社
社
しゃじゃ
2 5
4 神 (社 ) – Shinto shrine; ( 会 )社 – company or
3 じんじゃかいしゃ
7 corporation; 社 ( 会 ) – society; social studies
しゃかい
The right side is the earth (土), which shows (示) the solid foundation upon which SOCIETY is based! 神 is
the character for god while 社 implies ASSOCIATION. So 神社 is an association of gods and the SHRINE
7 strokes where they all gather.

1. でも、. . .
でも means “but” or “however,” and is often used to link two sentences. The first sentence ends with a period. でも,
followed by a comma, comes at the beginning of the second sentence.
中学校と高校があります。でも、小学校はありません。= There is junior high school and a

例
れい
ちゅうがっこうこうこうしょうがっこう
high school. However, there is no elementary school.
E
X
E
AM PL
今日は暑いです。でも、エアコンはありません。= Today is hot. But there isn’t any air conditioning.
きょうあつえあこん
2. で (by means of)

The particle で, when it follows a noun, means to do something “by means of” X, or to use X as a tool or instrument.
例
れい
ボールペンで書いて下さい。 = Please write by (means of) pen.
ぼーるぺんか
漢字で書いて下さい。
くだ
= Please write (using) kanji.
かんじかくだ
E
X
E
AM PL
英語で話して下さい。 = Please speak in (by means of) English.
えいごはなくだ
自習 Self Check
じしゅう
1. Link each of the two sentences using でも.
今
きょ
日は　暑
あつ
いです。　明日
うあした
は　寒
さむ
い　です。
(Today is hot. Tomorrow will be cold.)
じゅん君
くん
が　います。かずひさ君
くん
　は　いません。
(Jun is here. Kazuhisa is not here.)
明日
あした
、英語
えいご
　の　授業が　あります。　数学の　授業は　ありません。
じゅぎょうすうがくじゅぎょう
(Tomorrow, I have English class. I do not have math class.)

2. Using で, “by means of,” translate these phrases into 日本語.
by means of paper
by means of chopsticks
by means of a pencil
by means of money

1. Pair Work
With a partner, link each of the two sentences using でも.
A) 今
きょ
日は　涼しい　です。　明日は　蒸し暑
うすずあつ
い　です。あしたむ
B) これは　鉛筆　です。　それは　鉛筆
えんぴつ
　では　ありません。
えんぴつ
C) 六時間目が　あります。　七時
ろくじかんめななじ
間目は　ありません。かんめ
D) 猫が　います。犬
いぬ
は　いません。
ねこ
E) 兄が　います。弟は　いません。
2. Pair Work
Add a second sentence beginning with でも to each of the sentences below. Make sure the information in the second
sentence is different enough that the use of でも is appropriate. Take turns.
A) 今日は　寒
きょう
い　です。
さむ
B) あれは　本　です。
C) 姉が　います。
D) 三時間目
さんじかんめ
に　数学が　あります。
すうがく
3. Pair Work
Making a request
Open the book
Review requests then ask your partner per- 例
れい A: 本を開いてもいいですか。
mission to do the following things. Your part- ひら
E
X
E
AM PL
ner will either give or deny permission. Use the B (granting permission): はい、開いてもいいです。
ひら
-OR- B (denying permission): いいえ、開いてはだめです。
!てもいい　ですか pattern. Take turns. ひら
Â shut the door Â write kanji

Â take out some paper Â take out a pencil
Â read this hiragana Â look at that blackboard over there
Â listen to Japanese music Â (a request of your choice)

3-4 There is no homework today. 115

ぶんかばこ
School Calendar
The Japanese school year begins in April and ends in March. It is usually divided into three terms. Summer vacation
lasts for a month, from late July through much of August, when the second term begins. Winter vacation, which lasts a
month or less, centers around the New Year’s holiday, and separates the second and third terms. College entrance exams
begin in January for the national standardized test and continue into February and early March, for individual university
入学式 )
tests. The graduation ceremony (卒業式 ) is held in March. The opening ceremony marking the new school year (にゅうがくしき
そつぎょうしき
happens in early or mid-April.
There are many seasonal events on the school calendar. These include school trips called 修学旅行 that last for one
しゅうがくりょこう
or more days, school sports festivals often held in early fall, and school cultural festivals or 文化祭 in late fall. These
ぶんかさい
events entail a great deal of planning and group work and are considered part of a young person’s education.

むし暑いですね。
あつ
第3課の5 It’s muggy, isn’t it.

3-5 It’s muggy, isn’t it. 117
会話 Dialogue
かいわ
(After school)
じゅん：ベン君くん
、こんにちは。
ベン：こんにちは。あつ暑い　ですねえ。キアラきあら
さん、日本の　学校は　どう　ですか。
べんがっこう
キアラ
きあら
楽しい　です。でもむしあつ
：たの暑い　ですね。私達の学校には　エアコンが　ありません。
たちがっこうえあこん
中学校は　どう　ですか。
ベン
べん
：涼
すず
しい　です。私の　中学校は　エアコン
ちゅうがっこうえあこん
が　ありますよ。
(a very strong wind comes out of nowhere)
ベン
べん
：わっ！すごい風かぜ
　ですね。
じゅん：あの　神社じんじゃ
の　鳥居とりい
に　*行
い
きましょう。
キアラ
きあら
：ええ！ここは　どこ　ですか。
*行きましょう – Let’s go.
い
単語 New Words
たんご
鳥居
とりい
(n) – shrine gate
どう (interj.) – how?
わっ! (interj.) – Wow!

さあ (interj.) – now, well
エアコン (n) 風 (n) 行
い
きましょう(v) 速く (adv.) (then)
えあこんかぜはや
漢字 Kanji
かんじ
風　友
かぜ – wind
風
2
1 3
7
5
4
6
9
風 – wind; (神 )風 – divine wind
8 かぜかみかぜ
The first two strokes represent a WIND tunnel in which the insect inside (虫) is annoyed. You can tell the bug
9 strokes is annoyed because its antenna (the third stroke) is bent and tilted.
2
ユウ，とも – friend
友
ゆう
1
3
4
友 (達 ), 友人 – friend
ともだちゆうじん
The first two strokes of this kanji for FRIEND are a person, reaching an arm across a table (又) to shake hands
4 strokes with a new FRIEND.


1. ね/ねえ
When using these two, inflection is everything. Think about how, in English, the phrase “It’s cold” can have several
different meanings, depending on your inflection: “It’s cold.” “It’s cold!” or “It’s cold?” The same is true with the use
of ね and ねえ, particles that come at the end of the Japanese sentence to express a range of emotions or intensities.
They can be used:
A. to confirm something in the form of a rhetorical question, or when seeking agreement from the person listening, as
in “... right?”
明日
あした
は　寒さむ
い　ですね。 = Tomorrow will be cold, won’t it?
B. as an exclamation mark.
寒い　ですねえ。 = It’s cold!
さむ
Note: It is common in Japan to repeat a question before giving the answer. Often the repeated part will have the particle ね at the end
to confirm that the question was understood. You can also use ね after you repeat directions or new information to confirm that you
accurately understood what the speaker said. This is a great communication strategy, so try to use it when you get new information
from your pair practice partners.
2. よ
よ comes at the end of the sentence and 例晩ご飯ですよ。 = (I am telling you that) dinner is ready.
ばんはん
is used to make a definite statement that れい寒いですよ。 = Hey, it’s cold!

さむ
E
X
E
AM PL
the listener should agree with such as “I am

telling you ...” or “Hey ...” In some contexts, it acts like an exclamation mark in English. よ should be used sparingly,
especially when speaking to superiors, as it can easily be construed as a bit too direct, even rude.
自習 Self Check
じしゅう
1. Say the following, using ね:

It’s cool, isn’t it? = 涼
すず
しい　です。
It’s hot, isn’t it? = 。
2. Say the following, using よ:

I’m telling you, it’s muggy. = むし暑
あつ
い　です。
I’m telling you, this is sushi. = 。

1. Pair Practice
Pointing out as many classroom objects as you can (refer to Appendix 4 as needed), confirm that you are using the
correct Japanese word by asking a confirmation question with ね. Your partner will answer authoritatively using よ.
例
れい
A-さん: (Points to a desk) あれはつくえですね。 = That over there is a desk, isn’t it?
B-さん: はい、あれはつくえですよ。 = Yes, that over there is a desk!
E
X
E
AM PL

2. Pair Practice
Your teacher has asked your class to find out information about pen pals. Assume you and your partner have had
many pen pals, and that you have much information to share (see Table A and Table B, below). Decide which table
each of you will use, then copy your table onto a separate piece of paper, and take turns asking/answering questions.
Use ね, ねえ, and よ in your answers as appropriate. When all the blanks on your questionnaire are filled in, say「で
きました」. You may be asked to share some of your information with your class.
Note: ね generally is used in a statement where the speaker is hoping for/expecting agreement. ねえ is generally used where an excla-
mation mark would be used in English.
例
(location)
れい B-さん： Maria はどこにいますか。 = Where is Maria?
E
X
E
AM PL
A-さん： Maria は Barcelona にいますよ。 = Maria is in Barcelona, you know.
(weather — both are in same city)

B-さん： Barcelonaは涼しいですね。 = Barcelona’s weather is cool, isn’t it?
すず
A-さん：そうですね。Barcelonaはとても涼しいですねえ。
すず
= Yes (I agree). The weather in Barcelona is very cool!
(club activities)
B-さん： Mariaの部活は何ですか。 = What is Maria’s club activity?
ぶかつ
A-さん： Mariaの部活はサッカーです。 = Maria is in the soccer club.
ぶかつさっかー
Table A
名前場所
ばしょ
(location) 年生（学年）天気
てんき
家族
かぞ
部活
ぶかつ
Maria Barcelona 10th cool five soccer

(BARUSERONA)
Martin
Bruce
Meilin Taiwan 2nd year college muggy three English Club
Aimee
Sergei Moscow 8th hot four basketball
(MOSUKUWA)
Phillip
Kazumi Tokyo 12th cool six kendo

ぶんかばこ
1. 鳥居 Shinto Shrine Gate

とりい
The literal meaning of 鳥居, the red gates at the entrances to Shinto shrines, is 鳥の居るところ or 鳥が居ます
とりいとりいとりい
which could be translated as “place where the bird is.” Some birds are thought of as very powerful. This may mean
actual power, like birds of prey (eagles, hawks, or owls), or a “powerful presence,” such as great blue herons or white
cranes or storks. Other powerful birds are mythological, such as the thunderbird or the phoenix in Western tales or
the garuda of Indonesian legends. Large cranes and other birds often perch on high places to scout for prey or to sun
themselves. Japanese hope that these birds will land on a TORII and stay there for as long as possible. What grander
perch could a special bird have than a TORII at the entrance of a 神社 ?
じんじゃ

2. 制服 Uniforms
せいふく
Most high school students in Japan wear school uniforms. Rules about wearing proper uniforms differ from school
to school and can be quite specific. Wearing a uniform outside of school identifies students as part of a particular
school and shows school pride. Some students push the limits of what is acceptable within the school rules just as
they do in many other places. Rules related to makeup, piercing, and hair also differ from high school to high school,
although few Japanese high schools allow their students to wear jewelry or even makeup at school.
What are some good arguments for and against having school uniforms?
Table B
名前場所
ばしょ
(location) 年生（学年）天気
てんき
家族
かぞく
部活
ぶかつ
Maria
Martin Manila (MANIRA) 1st year college muggy eight volleyball
th
Bruce Sydney (SHIDONI-) 12 cold four Ping-Pong
Meilin
Aimee Paris (PARI) 11th cool three brass band
Sergei
Phillip Toronto (TORONTO) 9th muggy five choir
Kazumi

n Where did the students run to seek shelter from the storm?
o What kind of animal did Jun think the hairy beast was?
p What is a 時の門
ときもん
?
q Ben compared the hairy animal to what other creature?
r Make a prediction about the content of Kiara’s next journal entry.
ジャーナルへ
じゃーなる
This was such a bizarre day! No one’s ever going to believe what happened, but here goes.
The three of us had just left our 部活、heading toward the subway station. We stopped in to get some
ぶかつ
あめ at our favorite Seven-Eleven, but as soon as we left the store, winds blew up, whipping everything
around. The closest building was the 神社, so we ran toward it, dodging papers and cardboard and plastic
bags. A bicycle, knocked over by the wind, almost hit じゅん君。At the 鳥居 gate, that same hairy animal
くんとりい
I saw the other day darted out of the bushes and ran through the 鳥居 with us.
Suddenly, everything stopped! The wind vanished, the garden and 神社 vanished too! Instead, we were
in some sort of tunnel. Right in front of us, flying forward, was that same hairy animal!
I screamed at じゅん君と　ベン君 to see if they knew where we were and what was going on.
べん
ゅん君 yelled back “分かりません！But that looks like the 狸 we saw earlier!”
わたぬき

ベン君 said “I didn’t think 狸 were real! And even if they are real, what’s it doing here? And where
たぬき
are we going?”
All that I could contribute was, “What’s a 狸?”
At this point, the animal … he, … it, turned and stared at us in surprise. He spoke. “How did you get
here? Who are you?”
ベン君 whimpered, “We don’t know. We were just trying to get out of the storm, and now we’re in this
wind tunnel or something. We headed for the 神社、and the next thing we knew, we were, umm, here.”
じゅん君 interjected, “Speaking of here, where is here? And who, or what, are you?”
The 狸 replied, “僕は　友　です。これは　私の　時の　門　です。”
たぬきぼくともときもん
“時の門?” じゅん君 repeated, “それは　何　ですか。”
友さん replied, “It’s not a word commonly used in 日本語 yet since few creatures know that these
とも
gates can be used for time travel. でも、百年後 (in 100 years), it will be a very common word! 僕は
ねんご
2125年　から　来ました。Something must have gone wrong, though, because you are not supposed to
き
be here! That 風 must have affected the gate, but there’s nothing that I can do now. We’re on our way!”
かぜ
I was starting to freak out, with all this talk about the past and the future and mistakes. I had to ask,
“How can we be talking to a little fur ball? Animals aren’t supposed to talk!”
Ben answered, “Japanese folk tales mention 狸 and 狐 (foxes) as having supernatural powers. They’re
きつね
supposed to be shape-shifters, animals that can change their appearance at will. Normally, they’re portrayed
as being quite tricky, but these are just stories. It’s not real, of course.”
“That may be,” 友 sniffed, “but could one of you go over there to that switch please. We’re coming in
for a landing, and with your extra weight, we’re descending much faster than we should be. I need help
slowing us down. Hang on. We’re almost there!”

てくのじかん
高山
たかやま
ゆみ, a high school student in Japan, has sent you the following e-mail. Reply to her e-mail.
日本語の　生徒
せいと
さんへ
この　でんしメール(e-mail)は　私の　宿題　です。　あなたの　お名前なまえ
は　何ですか。先生の　
しゅくだいせんせい
名前
なまえ
と　学校の　名前なまえ
は　何　ですか。　今
いま
　何年生
なんねんせい
　ですか。科目
かもく
は　何が　ありますか。　
何が　楽たの
しい　ですか。
返事
へんじ
(reply)を　待って　います (waiting) 。ありがとう。
ま
では　また。
高山　ゆみ

ng Japane
ni
n To gain your passport stamp for this chapter, and to prove that you’ve mastered the survival skills
se
Begi
assport necessary to move forward, you will make a presentation on your school life. Be prepared to briefly
P talk about your classes and clubs. You must use a visual (poster or PowerPoint) to assist you.
3
Ch
ap t er

たんごちぇっくりすと

3-1
いちねんせい　　一年生 (n) 3-1 first year student
えむぴすりーぷれーやー　　MP3 プレーヤー (n) 3-1 MP3 player
おおきい　　大きい (い adj.) 3-1 big, large
がくせい　　学生 (n) 3-1 student
がっこう　　学校 (n) 3-1 school
けいたい (でんわ)　　けいたい (電話) (n) 3-1 cellular phone
こうこう　　高校 (n) 3-1 high school
こうこういちねんせい　　高校一年生 (n) 3-1 tenth grader
こうこうさんねんせい　　高校三年生 (n) 3-1 twelfth grader
こうこうせい　　高校生 (n) 3-1 high school student
こうこうにねんせい　　高校二年生 (n) 3-1 eleventh grader
さんねんせい　　三年生 (n) 3-1 third year student
しょうがくせい　　小学生 (n) 3-1 elementary school student
しょうがっこう　　小学校 (n) 3-1 elementary school
すこし　　少し (adv.) 3-1 little
せいと　　生徒 (n) 3-1 student
だいがく　　大学 (n) 3-1 college/university
だいがくせい　　大学生 (n) 3-1 college/university student
たくさん (n) 3-1 many, a lot
ちいさい　　小さい (い adj.) 3-1 small
ちゅうがくいちねんせい　　中学一年生 (n) 3-1 seventh grader
ちゅうがくさんねんせい　　中学三年生 (n) 3-1 ninth grader
ちゅうがくせい　　中学生 (n) 3-1 middle school student
ちゅうがくにねんせい　　中学二年生 (n) 3-1 eighth grader
ちゅうがっこう　　中学校 (n) 3-1 middle school
とても (adv.) 3-1 very
なんねんせい　　何年生 (inter.) 3-1 what grade/year
にねんせい　　二年生 (n) 3-1 second year student
ほいくえん　　保育園 (n) 3-1 kindergarten
みなさん　　皆さん (n) 3-1 everyone (polite)
みんな　　皆 (n) 3-1 everyone, all
やま　　山 (n) 3-1 mountain
やまもと　　山本 (n) 3-1 Yamamoto (family name)
ようちえん　　幼稚園 (n) 3-1 nursery school


3-2
あした　　明日 (n) 3-2 tomorrow
あめりかし　　アメリカ史 (n) 3-2 American history
いちじ　　一時 (n) 3-2 one o’clock
いっぷん　一分 (n) 3-2 one minute
いま　　今 (n/adv.) 3-2 now
えいご　　英語 (n) 3-2 English language
おんがく　　音楽 (n) 3-2 music
かがく　　科学 (n) 3-2 science
かていか　　家庭科 (n) 3-2 family consumer science
かもく　　科目 (n) 3-2 school subject
から (part) 3-2 from
きのう　　昨日 (n/adv.) 3-2 yesterday
きゅうふん　　九分 (n) 3-2 nine minutes
きょう　　今日 (n) 3-2 today
きょうしつ　　教室 (n) 3-2 classroom
くじ　　九時 (n) 3-2 nine o’clock
くらす　　クラス (n) 3-2 class
こくご　　国語 (n) 3-2 national language (Japanese language)
ごご　　午後 (n) 3-2 p.m.
ごじ　　五時 (n) 3-2 five o’clock
ごぜん　　午前 (n) 3-2 a.m.
ごふん　　五分 (n) 3-2 five minutes
〜ごろ 3-2 about
さくぶん　　作文 (n) 3-2 essay
さんじ　　三時 (n) 3-2 three o’clock
さんぷん　　三分 (n) 3-2 three minutes
しけん　　試験 (n) 3-2 test, exam
しちじ or ななじ　　七時 (n) 3-2 seven o’clock
じゅういちじ　　十一時 (n) 3-2 eleven o’clock
じゅうじ　　十時 (n) 3-2 ten o’clock
じゅうにじ　　十二時 (n) 3-2 twelve o’clock
じゅぎょう　　授業 (n) 3-2 class
しゅくだい　　宿題 (n) 3-2 homework
じゅっぷん or じっぷん　　十分 (n) 3-2 ten minutes
しょうてすと　　小テスト (n) 3-2 small test, quiz
しんりがく　　心理学 (n) 3-2 psychology
すうがく　　数学 (n) 3-2 math
〜すぎ 3-2 past, after, (too) much
すけじゅーる　　スケジュール (n) 3-2 schedule
せいぶつがく　　生物学 (n) 3-2 biology
せかいし　　世界史 (n) 3-2 world history
たいいく　　体育 (n) 3-2 physical education
たのしい　　楽しい (い adj.) 3-2 fun, enjoyable
ちょっと (adv.) 3-2 little, somewhat
てすと　　テスト (n) 3-2 test

ときどき　　時々 (adv.) 3-2 sometimes

ななふん　　七分 (n) 3-2 seven minutes
なんじ　　何時 (inter.) 3-2 what time
なんぷん　　何分 (inter.) 3-2 how many minutes
にじ　　二時 (n) 3-2 two o’clock
にじゅっぷん　　二十分 (n) 3-2 twenty minutes
にぷん　　二分 (n) 3-2 two minutes
にほんし　　日本史 (n) 3-2 Japanese history
はちじ　　八時 (n) 3-2 eight o’clock
はっぷん　　八分 (n) 3-2 eight minutes
はん　　半 (n) 3-2 half hour
びじゅつ　　美術 (n) 3-2 art
ひるやすみ　　昼休み (n) 3-2 lunch break
ぶつりがく　　物理学 (n) 3-2 physics
ほーむるーむ　　ホームルーム (n) 3-2 homeroom
ほけんたいいく　　保健体育 (n) 3-2 health (class)
まいにち　　毎日 (n) 3-2 every day
むずかしい　　難しい (い adj.) 3-2 difficult
よじ　　四時 (n) 3-2 four o’clock
よんぷん　　四分 (n) 3-2 four minutes
れきし　　歴史 (n) 3-2 history
ろくじ　　六時 (n) 3-2 six o’clock
ろっぷん　　六分 (n) 3-2 six minutes
3-3
あと　　後 3-3 after
あとで　　後で 3-3 afterwards
いちじかんめ　　一時間目 (n) 3-3 first period
がっしょう　　合唱 (n) 3-3 chorus; choir
けんどう　　剣道 (n) 3-3 kendo
けんどうぶ　　剣道部 (n) 3-3 kendo club
ごじかんめ　　五時間目 (n) 3-3 fifth period
こんぴゅーたらーぼ　　コンピューターラボ (n) 3-3 computer lab
さんじかんめ　　三時間目 (n) 3-3 third period
じゅうどう　　柔道 (n) 3-3 judo
じんじゃ　　神社 (n) 3-3 shrine
せいせき　　成績 (n) 3-3 score, grade
たいいくかん　　体育館 (n) 3-3 gymnasium
たっきゅうぶ　　たっきゅう部 (n) 3-3 Ping-Pong club
つぎ　　次 (adv.) 3-3 next
てら　　寺 (n) 3-3 temple
としょかん　　図書館 (n) 3-3 library
なんじかんめ　　何時間目 (inter.) 3-3 what period
にじかんめ　　二時間目 (n) 3-3 second period
ばすけぶ　　バスケ部 (n) 3-3 basketball team
ばれーぼーるぶ　　バレーボル部 (n) 3-3 volleyball club (team)


ぶかつ　　部活 (n) 3-3 club activity
ぶらすばんど　　ブラスバンド (n) 3-3 brass band
ほうかご　　放課後 (n/adv.) 3-3 time after school
やきゅうぶ　　野球部 (n) 3-3 baseball team
よじかんめ　　四時間目 (n) 3-3 fourth period
りくじょうぶ　　陸上部 (n) 3-3 track and field club
ろくじかんめ　　六時間目 (n) 3-3 sixth period
3-4
あける/あけます　　開ける/開けます (開けて) (v) 3-4 (to) open (door/window)
あつい　　暑い (い adj.) 3-4 hot (weather)
さむい　　寒い (い adj.) 3-4 cold (weather)
しめる/しめます　　閉める/閉めます (閉めて) (v) 3-4 (to) close (doors/windows)
すずしい　　涼しい (い adj.) 3-4 cool (weather)
だめ (な adj.) 3-4 is bad
でも (part./conj.) 3-4 but
むしあつい　　蒸し暑い (い adj.) 3-4 humid (weather)
3−5
いきましょう　　行きましょう (v) 3-5 let’s go
えあこん　　エアコン (n) 3-5 air conditioner
かぜ　　風 (n) 3-5 wind
さあ (interj.) 3-5 well…
どう (inter.) 3-5 how
とりい　　鳥居 (n) 3-5 Shinto shrine gate
はやく　　速く (adv.) 3-5 quickly
わっ! (interj.) 3-5 similar to “wow!”

People and Places
of Nagasaki 第 4 課

By the
h end of this chapter you will learn: By the end of this chapter you will be able to:
A) a little about trade in Japan in during the Tokugawa A) interview someone about what country she/he is from, what lan-
period (1603–1868) guage is spoken there, and what sorts of food are eaten there
B) where Kyushu (one of Japan’s four main islands) is B) use three directional verbs (行きます to go, 来ます to come, and 帰
いきかえ
on a map and some of its geographical features ります to return home) in asking and answering questions about
C) about interesting sites on the island of Kyushu coming to school, going to a friend’s house, or returning home
D) the origins of some Japanese foods and other C) create simple non-past and non-past negative sentences. For in-
goods stance, if your friend invites you to a party, you will be able to say
E) 11 new kanji whether or not you are going
D) read and write 11 additional kanji
Hakata Port, Kyushu

何人ですか。
なにじん
第4課の1 Where are you from?

会話 Dialogue
かいわ
ベン
べん
：あなたは、だれ　ですか。
じゅん：それは何　ですか。
キアラ
きあら
：あの　風は　どこから　ですか。
かぜ
友
とも
：皆みな
さん、ちょっと　待ま
って　下さい。僕ぼく
の　名前
なまえ
は　友
とも
　です。あの風
かぜ
は　あの鳥居
とりい
か
ら　です。あの　鳥居とりい
は　時とき
の門
もん
　です。
じゅん：時とき
の門
もん
？
ベン & キアラ
きあら
：それは、何　ですか。
べん
友
とも
：ちょっと、静しず
かに　して　下さい。
ところで、あなた達たち
は、何人
なにじん
　ですか。
単語 New Words
たんご
アメリカ (n)
あめりか
アメリカ人 (n)
あめりかじん
カナダ (n)
かなだ
カナダ人 (n)
かなだじん
オーストラリア (n)
おーすとらりあ
オーストラリア人 (n)
おーすとらりあ
ニュージーランド (n)
にゅーじーらんど
ニュージーランド人 (n)
にゅーじーらんど
じんじん
For nationalities such as the ones below, you may designate that the person is of that country’s descent rather than a
“citizen of” by replacing “ 人 ” with “系.” For example:
じんけい
イギリス (n)
いぎりす
イギリス人 (n)
いぎりすじん
オランダ (n)
おらんだ
オランダ人 (n)
おらんだじん
ロシア
ろしあ
(n) ロシア人 (n)
ろしあじん
イギリス系 (n)
いぎりすけい

4-1 Where are you from? 129
ポルトガル (n)
ぽるとがる
ポルトガル人 (n)
ぽるとがるじん
スペイン (n)
すぺいん
スペイン人 (n)
すぺいん
フランス (n)
ふらんす
フランス人 (n)
ふらんすじん
じん
ドイツ (n)
どいつ
ドイツ人 (n)
どいつじん
中国 (n)
ちゅうごく
中国人 (n)
ちゅうごくじん
韓国
かんこく
(n) 韓国人 (n)
かんこくじん
台湾
たいわん
(n) 台湾人
たいわんじん
(n) インドネシア (n) イ
いんどねしあ
ンドネシア人 (n)
いんどねしあじん
イタリア (n)
いたりあ
イタリア人 (n)
いたりあじん
メキシコ
めきしこ
(n) メキシコ
めきしこ
人 (n) *
何人 (inter.)
なにじん
ところで (exp./conj.)
じん
日系人 (n) – of Japanese descent

にっけいじん
外国人
がいこくじん
(n) – foreigner (手伝う) 手伝います ( ) – to help
てつだてつだ
何系
なにけい
(inter.) – of what ethnicity? から (part.) – from (言
い
う) 言
い
います (v) – to say
外国
がいこく
(n) – foreign country
* You were previously introduced to this kanji compound read as なんにん. Depending upon the context, you should be able to tell whether
the kanji compound means “how many people?” (なんにんですか) or “what nationality?”（なにじんですか）.
漢字 Kanji
かんじ
言　外
1
ゲン , い(う) , こと – to speak
言
2 げん
3
4
6
言 (語 ) – language; 言 ( う ) – to say; 言 (葉 )
げんごいうことば
5
7 – words, language
This kanji shows a face. The first stroke is the forehead and is often drawn vertically. The second stroke is a
7 strokes “unibrow.” Subsequent strokes form the eyes, then the nose, and finally the open mouth that is SPEAKING.

4
ガイ, そと – outside
外
1 2 がい
5
3
外 – outside; 外
そと
(国 ) – foreign country;
がいこく
外 (国人 ) – foreigner, foreign person
がいこくじん
This kanji combines the katakana タand ト. How to put タ+ト together for a memorization hint lies OUTSIDE
たと
5 strokes my creative abilities.

1. 何人ですか。/ 何系ですか。
When asking about someone’s nationality or ethnicity, you can use these two questions.
Q: 何人ですか。 = What nationality are you?

例
れい
なにじん
A: 私は中国人です。 = I am Chinese.
E
X
E
AM PL
Q: 先生は何系ですか。 = What ethnicity is the teacher?

なにけい
A: 先生はドイツ系です。 = The teacher is (ethnic) German.
どいつけい
2. 「。」と言いました。 - Tomo said, “ .”

友さんは、
ともい
The most common way to quote someone is to say the person’s name, followed by は to show that he or she is the
topic, followed by the quote, then the quotation particle と, and finally the verb “said” 言いました.
例
れい
けんじ君は、
「それは私のえんぴつです。」と、言いました。
くんい
= Kenji said, “That is my pencil.”
友さんは、
「僕は狸です。」と、言いました。 = Tomo said, “I am a tanuki.”
E
X
E
AM PL ともぼくたぬきい
3. あなた - you
あなた means you. However, あなた is not as commonly used as “you” in English. It is more common to address the
person you are talking to by his or her name. あなた can be useful, however, when you do not know the name of the
person you are talking to. Usually, it is best to use the person’s name or title if you know it.
自習 Self Check
じしゅう
1. 何人 or 何系 - what nationality/ethnicity
なにじんなにけい
Practice asking what country someone is from or what ethnicity they are, using 何
なに
人 or 何系. じんなにけい
A) What nationality is the teacher?

B) What nationality is (my friend’s) mother? 例
れい
ベン君は何人ですか。 = What nationality is Ben?
べんくんなにじん
E
X
E
C) What nationality is the English teacher? AM PL
D) What nationality is Tomo?

E) What ethnicity is that person over there?

2. ∼と言いました。
い
Read these two sentences, aloud, to yourself, and translate them into English.
A) キアラさん　は、
きあら
「これは　本　です。」と　言いました。い
B) 母は、
「座って　下さい。」と　言いました。
すわい
3. あなた
With which of the following could you use あなた?
your teacher your younger sister your friend
your dog Mr. Smith Mrs. Miyazaki

1. Pair Practice
Ask three partners about the national origin or ethnicity of their families. Be prepared to report your findings. (Take
turns.)
A-さん: ご家族は何人ですか。 = What is your family’s nationality?

例
れい
かぞくなにじん
B-さん: 私の家族はイギリス人です。 = My family is English.
かぞくいぎりすじん
E
X
E
AM PL
A-さん: ご家族は何系ですか。 = What is your family’s heritage?
かぞくなにけい
B-さん: 家族はイギリス系とドイツ系です。 = My family heritage is English and German.
かぞくいぎりすけいどいつけい
2. Pair Practice
Use this picture to talk about where each student is from.
A-さん: パオロさんは何人ですか。
例
れい
ぱおろなにじん
= What nationality is Paolo?
E
X
E
AM PL
B-さん: パオロ
ぱおろ
さんはスペイン人です。
すぺいんじん
= Paolo is Spanish.
3. Group Practice
Survey six classmates. Ask them where their grand-
parents came from. If you don’t know the answer
when you are asked, say 知りません. Report your
し
results to the class.
A-さん: おばあさんとおじいさんは何人
例
れいですか。
なにじん
E
X
E
AM PL
= What nationalities are your grand-
mother and grandfather?
B-さん: おじいさんは中国人です。でも、
おばあさんは知りません。
し
= Grandfather is Chinese. But I don’t
know about grandmother.


ぶんかばこ
九州
きゅうしゅう
One of the largest and most famous cities on the southern island of 九州 is 長崎ながさき
.
きゅうしゅう
The name 九州 was given to the island for the nine feudal states that made up this island.
きゅうしゅう
九州
きゅうしゅう
is the site of some of the oldest evidence of Japanese civilization. On the eastern
coast of the island, clay funerary statues called はにわ, dating from 1,500 to 1,800 years ago,
have been unearthed. These statues of houses, warriors, horses, and other animals were
placed around the graves of important people.
Much of the Tom Cruise movie The Last Samurai centers around rebels in southern 九
州. Far away from the power of the Imperial Court, this part of Japan had always been one
of the least controlled by feudal governments. The samurai of さつま in southern 九州, and
長州 in far western 本
ちょうしゅう
州 (Japan’s largest island), were instrumental in the overthrow of
ほんしゅう
the shogun-dominated 徳川とくがわ
government (1600–1868). These rebels were also interested in
the restoration of power to the Emperor, just after the Tokugawa Period. Eventually, though,
some of these same samurai came to disagree with Japan’s path toward westernization and
trade with the outside, and they attempted the second rebellion that lies at the heart of the
film The Last Samurai.
地図 Map Skills
ちず
長崎
ながさき
is an ancient Japanese city. It is close to Korea and has long been a gateway to Japan from the
Asian continent. Use the map here and available resources to answer the following questions.
n 長崎
ながさき
は　日本の　どこに　ありますか。
o 長崎
ながさき
is located on which island?
p Which Western power was the first to set foot in 長崎
ながさき
?

n What is a tanuki? See if you can find a picture of one.

o What is the time tunnel called in Japanese?
p Where did the travelers arrive?
q In what year did they arrive?
r What does 海 mean?
s Describe or draw a picture of the people and clothing Kiara and her friends might have seen in their new
location.

ジャーナルへ
じゃーなる
You’re never going to believe what happened today. We were running for cover from a sudden windstorm
toward the nearest shelter, a Shinto 神社。As we ducked under the 鳥居 gate, lights flashed and the
じんじゃとりい
next thing we knew, we were inside some sort of room, or tunnel, but there were no walls! It was very
strange. The furry little animal we had seen the day before, rustling around in the bushes near the 神
社、ran through the 鳥居 with us, and that must have triggered the “door” to this place. Ben said that
the creature was a 狸 or a “raccoon dog.” We have raccoons at home, but they don’t look anything like this.
たぬき
The creature could talk too! 「僕の　名前は　友　です。」と　言いました。He was sort of cute,
ぼくなまえとも
but seemed to be a bit cranky. Here’s what happened next ...
じゅん君は、「それは　いい　です　けど・・・・　ここは　どこ　ですか！」と
くん
言いました。We seemed to be flying through this tunnel of darkness lit only by small glowing lights.
友さんは、「これは　タイム　トンネル、時の　門　です。今から　日本の　1601年へ
たいむとんねるときもんいま
行きます。」と　言いました。じゅん君は、「ええ？ 1601年　ですか。うそ！」と　言い
い
ました。“How is that possible?” 友さんは、「それは　後　で。長崎へ　ようこそ。」と　言い
あとながさき
ました。ベン君は、「1601年の　長崎　に　は　色々な　外国人が　います。ポルトガル人
べんながさきいろいろがいこくじんぽるとがるじん
と　スペイン
すぺいん
人と　フィリピン人と　中国人と　韓国人が　います。」と　言いました。
じんふぃりぴんじんちゅうごくじんかんこくじん
As we walked out the gate, I turned around to look at it. We were right in front of yet another, different
神社！I’m not sure how this whole 時の　門 thing works yet, but walking into this live history lesson, set
ときもん
over 四百年前、is very strange indeed! From our hillside, we could see the 海 below us, with a few large
まえうみ
sailing ships anchored in the bay. People walked here and there, many carrying baskets. We started down
the hill on a hard-packed dirt road, lined on both sides with shops and houses. People were wearing clothes
that looked like the pictures in 私の　高校の　世界史の　教科書。Some had on traditional 日本の
せかいしきょうかしょ
着物、others were wearing 大きい　ぼうし with feathers, big baggy pants, and funny shoes.
きもの
友さんは、「その　人達は　スペインから　来た　人達　です。あの人は　イギリス人

ひとたちすぺいんきいぎりすじん
です。」と　言いました。「はい、あそこへ　行きましょう。」
い
And with that, 友さん led us off in the other direction.

てくのじかん
Though you’ve not been introduced to them all yet, type all the vocabulary words from this chapter into your digital dic-
tionary. Be sure to follow the pattern you began earlier and to use your file called “JISHO” (in romaji).

何語を話しますか。
なにごはな
第4課の2 What language do you speak?

4-2 What language do you speak? 135
会話 Dialogue
かいわ
ベン
べん
：ええ〜っ！あの　歴史れきし
の　教科書きょうかしょ
の　中
なか
の　ウィリアム
うぃりあむ
・アダムズ
あだむず
？
じゅん：サイン
さいん
　お願ねが
いします！
キアラ
きあら
：写真　お願いします！
しゃしんねが
ベン
べん
：あくしゅも　お願ねが
いします。
ウィリアム：写真　ですか。　それは　何　ですか。あなた達
しゃしんたち
は　だれ　ですか。どこから　
ですか。なぜ　私の　名前なまえ
が　分わ
かりますか。
単語 New Words
たんご
オランダ語 (n)
おらんだご
ロシア語 (n)
ろしあご
ポルトガル語 (n) スペイン語 (n) フランス語 (n)
ぽるとがるごすぺいんごふらんすご
中国語 (n)
ちゅうごくご
韓国語
かんこくご
(n) インドネシア語 (n)
いんどねしあご
イタリア語 (n)
いたりあご
ドイツ語 (n)
どいつご
写真
しゃしん
を　撮
と
っても　いい　ですか。
– May I take a photo?
(話す) 話
はな
します (v) – to speak
(知る) 知ります (v) – to know something/

サイン (n)
さいん
あくしゅ (n) 写真
しゃしん
を　撮
と
ります (v) しし
someone
sheets of…/ sheets of…/

number/quantity pages number/quantity pages
flat things flat things
一枚
いちまい
one 一ページ
いちぺーじ
七枚
ななまい
seven 七
なな
ページ
ぺじー
二枚
にまい
two ニページ八枚 eight 八ページ
にぺーじはちまいはちぺーじ
三枚
さんまい
three 三ページ九枚 nine 九ページ
さんーじ
ぺきゅうまいーじ
きゅうぺ
四枚
よんまい
four 四ページ十枚 ten 十ページ
よんぺーじじゅうまいじゅっぺじー
五枚
ごまい
five 五ページ
ごじ
ぺー
十一枚
じゅういちまい
eleven 十一ページ
ーじ
じゅういちぺ
六枚
ろくまい
six 六ページ何枚 how many? 何ページ
ろくーじ
ぺなんまいなんぺーじ

漢字 Kanji
かんじ
話
1 ワ; はなし, はな(す) – to speak, conversation
話
8
わ
2 10
9
3
4 12
話 (す) – to talk (to someone/something else);
6 11 はな
5 13 (電 )話 – telephone (literally, electric talking)
でんわ
7
The left seven strokes of this kanji form a radical, 言, that is in many words related to speaking. The right side has a
13 strokes tongue (舌) which is 1,000 (千) on top of a mouth (口). Imagine 1,000 mouths forming one tongue in order to SPEAK.

∼ます
The 〜ます form of Japanese verbs is used for the non-past tense. The non-past tense can have one of two meanings de-
pending on the situation:
a. Present or continuous action.
A) 私は日本語を話します。 = I speak Japanese.

例
れい B) 母は韓
はな
国語と英語を話します。 = My mother speaks Korean and English.
かんこくごえいごはな
E
X
E
AM PL
C) 私は每日手伝います。 = I help out every day.
まいにちてつだ
b. Future tense.
例
れい
キアラはあした手伝います。
きあら
= Kiara will help tomorrow.
てつだ
でも、友さんは手伝いません。 = But Tomo-san won’t help out.
E
X
E
AM PL ともてつだ
自習 Self Check
じしゅう
∼ます話します
はな
Give the two possible translations, continuous action and future tense, for the following:
A) ベン君は　日本語を話
べんくんはな
します。
B) 愛子さんは　手伝います。
あいこてつだ


Bring a picture of a famous personality from another country to class. Introduce this personality to your group, includ-
ing their name, nationality, and what language(s) they speak. Trade pictures and introduce the new personality to a
different classmate.

4-2 What language do you speak? 137
例
れい
こちらはサム君です。メキシコ人です。スペイン語と英語を話します。
さむくんめきしこじんすぺいんごえいごはな
= This is Sam. He is from Mexico. He speaks Spanish and English.
E
X
E
AM PL
2. Pair Practice
何ページ
ぺーじ
Take turns giving each other a page number to find in your textbook. See how quickly you can locate the correct page.
Use the counter ページ.
ぺーじ
例
れい
A-さん: 四十三ページを開いて下さい。 = Please open your book to page 43.
ぺーじひら
B-さん: (should open his/her book to page 43)
E
X
E
AM PL

ぶんかばこ
サインお願いします！

さいんねが
サイン is one of the many foreign “loan” words that have become integrated into the
さいん
Japanese language. You will learn many other words in the course of your study of Japanese.
サイン　お願
さいんねが
いします！ “Please give me your signature!” is a phrase that foreigners of-
ten hear when visiting Japanese schools or famous sites in Japan, especially in the popular
tourist cities of Nara or Kyoto. This might make you feel like a rock star, but it is often an
assignment for timid, yet eager Japanese school children. Japanese students from all over
Japan visit these famous sites on school field trips, and one aspect of going to these sites is the opportunity to practice
their English language speaking skills with foreign tourists. Taking photos with visitors and getting signatures in another
language is a highlight for many school children in Japan.
\ キアラのジャーナル Kiara’s Journal

n What did Tomo want to show Kiara, Ben, and Jun at the fruit and vegetable store?
o Where did this object originally come from? How did it get to Japan?
p Near the end of the journal entry, Ben gasps. Why is he so surprised?
ジャーナルへ
じゃーなる
友さんと　じゅん君と　ベン君 walked farther into the town down the narrow dirt street. This was
ともくん
totally weird on so many levels! I mean, what seems like only a few hours ago, we were deciding what club to visit
after school, and now we’re wandering around dirt streets in medieval Nagasaki. My friends are never going to
believe this. I knew that I was embarking on an adventure when I came to Japan, but I never imagined...

友さん stopped us in front of a fruit and vegetable store. そして　友さんは、「これを　見て

み
下さい。」と　言いました。He held up a small brown round object.「これは　スペインから
すぺいん
です。」私は、「What’s special about その potato? 」と　言いました。友さんは、「これは
ジャガイモ　です。ジャガイモは　オランダ人が　持って来き
ました(brought)。ā と言いまし
じゃがいもおらんだじんも
た。「First, スペイン人は　南米 (South America) から　ヨーロッパよーろっぱ
(Europe) へ　持って行きま
すぺいんじんなんべいもい
した (took)。And then, オランダ人は　インドネシアの　ジャカルタ (Jakarta) へ持って行きま
いんどねしあじゃかるた
した。そして　オランダ人は　ジャカルタから　ここに　持って来ました。」と　言いまし
た。ベン君は　とても surprised でした。そして、「そう　ですか。That must be why they are
called ジャガイモ。イモ means potato, and the fact that they came from Jakarta, Indonesia is why
いも
this particular kind of potato is called ジャガイモ。ジャガ is short for Jakarta! なるほど!」と　言い
じゃがいもじゃが
ました。The store owner smiled widely, leaned forward, and asked,「何人　ですか。」じゅん君は
なにじん
この人は　アメリカ人　です。その人は　オーストラリア人　です。僕は日本人　です。」と
あめりかおーすとらりあぼく
言いました。
The おじさん asked、「そう　ですか。アメリカは　オランダに　ありますか。」Realizing
あめりかおらんだ
that America had not even become a country yet, all that I could say was 「それは　ちょっと　違います
ちが
(a little different)。」おじさん asked、「何語を　話しますか。スペイン語を　話しますか。

なにはなすぺいん
私はいいえ、英語を　話します。日本語も　ちょっと　話します。」と　言いました。He
then looked at ベン君 and said「何語を　話しますか。」ベン君は、「僕も　英語を　話します。
と言いました。He stared again at me, then at ベン君、and then glanced at the tall, thin Caucasian
man waiting next door at the calligrapher’s stall. He mumbled something to himself, then smiled and said
あの人も　英語を　話しますよ。」Surprised, we turned toward the tall man wearing an old British
sailor’s uniform. I asked,「何語を　話しますか。」He answered,「私は　オランダ語と　英語と
なに
日本語も　話します。なぜ　ですか。」I said,「私と　この　人も　英語を　話します。あな
たは、何人　ですか。」「僕は　イギリスいぎりす
人　です。でも　オランダから　来ました。僕の
名前は　ウイリアム　アダムズ　です。」the man replied in good 日本語、but with a pretty serious
ういりあむあだむず
accent.
“THE William Adams?” ベン君 gasped. “You’re the one who was shipwrecked here and later met...” Before
he could finish his sentence, 友さん jumped into the conversation. “That vegetable store owner, over there,
that’s who you met. And that’s how these kids heard about you.” 友さん then turned to us with,「はい
アダムズさんは very busy でしょう。」友さん bowed to アダムズさん、「すみません。」と言
いました。Then he turned back to us. 友さんは、「あそこに　とても　いい　寿司屋が　ありま
すしや
すよ。」と　言いました。
I realized that my stomach was actually a bit ペコペコ、and I also realized that it was probably good
that ベン君 was not able to finish his sentence to Mr. Adams. If he had, he would have told Mr. Adams
about the future. From all of the sci-fi books and 漫画 that I’ve read, I know that this would definitely
まんが
not have been a good thing to do.

私はここで食べません。
た
第4課の3 I won’t eat here.

会話 Dialogue
かいわ
【ラーメン屋　で】
らーめんや
店員：いらっしゃいませ！ようこそ！　
てんいん
狸は、ちょっと・・・。
あ、すみません。たぬき
キアラ
きあら
狸は　わたしたち
：この　たぬき私達の　友達　です。
ともだち
ベン
べん
：日本語も　分わ
かります。
店員：すみません。たぬき狸は、ちょっと・・・。
てんいん
友
とも
：はい、分わ
かりました。私は　ここで　食た
べません。
ちょっと　待ま
って　下さい。
大丈夫ですよ・・・。
だいじょうぶ
友
とも
：こんにちは。
店員：いらっしゃいませ！
てんいん
ベン
べん
：アダムズさん、ここで　わたしたち
私達は　ラーメン
らーめん
を　食
た
べます。一緒
いっしょ
に　どうぞ。
あだむず
友
とも
：ありがとう　ございます。
店員：お飲の
み物
もの
は？
てんいん
友
とも
：お茶ちゃ
を　お願いします。
ねが
単語 New Words
たんご
パン
ぱん
(n) パン屋 (n)
ぱんや
本屋 (n)
ほんや
物
もの
(n) 食
た
べ物
もの
(n) 飲
の
み物
もの
(n)
まだ (adv.) –
not yet
(something) は、
ちょっと・・・・
レストラン (n)
れすとらん
(食
た
べる) 食た
べま (飲
の
む) 飲の
みまいらっしゃいませ車 (n)
くるま – (something) is
す (v) す (v) (exp.) a little…

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Michael L.

Kluemper, Lisa Berkson, Nathan Patton, Nobuko Patton

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 1 7/18/11 9:33 AM

Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

Illustrations by Boya Sun and Keiko Murakami

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009933853

ISBN 978-0-8048-4056-9 (paperback edition)

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 2 7/18/11 9:33 AM

• read and write all hiragana and katakana

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 3 7/18/11 9:33 AM

1 Introductions and Getting Started 16

1-1 Going to Tokyo! Pronunciation and learning hints.................................................. 17

1-2 Land of the Rising Sun Writing .............................................................................................. 23

1-3 I am Kiara. Self introductions ........................................................................... 27

New Word Checklist ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48

2 Family and Friends in Tokyo 52

2-5 Mom, what’s for dinner? Homonyms and abbreviations ..................................................... 78

New Word Checklist ..................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 4 7/18/11 9:33 AM

3-4 There is no homework today.

New Word Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................... 123

4 People and Places of Nagasaki 127

4-5 Please eat this sushi. Reviewing verbs ............................................................................151

New Word Checklist ....................................................................................................................................................................157

5 Time in Nara 160

5-5 Verb Review ....................................................................................................................................................................... 187

New Word Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................... 188

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 5 7/18/11 9:33 AM

6-2 Benkei is very tall, isn’t he!

The present progressive tense: 〜て-form + います and the

6-4 We are wearing Western clothing.

New Word Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................... 226

7 Hobbies in the Ancient City of Heian-kyou 229

7-3 Kiara’s Japanese is very good.

New Word Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................... 263

8 Adjectives in Amanohashidate 265

8-1 The ocean is beautiful, isn’t it?

New Word Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................... 291

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 6 7/18/11 9:33 AM

9-2 Yes, one volume is 1,025 yen.

9-5 My younger sister gave me this. To give ............................................................................................321

New Word Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................... 324

10 Meeting Basho in Kanazawa 327

10-3 I want to study Japanese more.

10-4 I do not want to wake up yet.

New Word Checklist ................................................................................................................................................................... 357

Kanji List ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 359

Appendix 1: Grammar References

Japanese-English Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................. 369

English-Japanese Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................. 377

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 7 7/18/11 9:33 AM

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 8 7/18/11 9:33 AM

Performance Goals Language Points Culture Kanji

Goals and Guidelines 9

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 9 7/18/11 9:33 AM

Using This Book

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 10 7/18/11 9:33 AM

Hiragana and Katakana

Beginning Jap_Intro_1-15.indd 11 7/18/11 9:33 AM

練習の時間 Time for Practice

キアラのジャーナル Kiara’s Journal

テクノの時間 Techno Time

単語チェックリスト New Word Checklist

Male agent: 日本語が　わかりますか。

Female agent: いい　ですね。Can you introduce yourself?

Kiara: 初めまして。私は　キアラ　です。どうぞよろしく。

はじめまして (v) 私 (pron.) 私達 (pron.) 僕 (pron.)

よろしくおねがいします – どうぞよろしくおねがいします – どうぞよろしく –

たってくださいすわってくださいみてください

たってもいいですか。すわってもいいですか。みてもいいですか。

だしてひらいてとじて

だしてくださいひらいてくださいとじてください

だしてもいいですか。ひらいてもいいですか。とじてもいいですか。

かいてきいてよんで

かいてくださいきいてくださいよんでください

かいてもいいですか。きいてもいいですか。よんでもいいですか。

おすしはおいしいです。 = Sushi is delicious.

B-SAN: はじめまして。私はパメラ (Pamela) です。どうぞよろしく。