Citric Acid Cycle - Part 2
Citric Acid Cycle - Part 2
Citric Acid Cycle - Part 2
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In Cytosol
In Mitochondria
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Reactions of TCA cycle (8 reactions)
1. Citrate synthase
2. Aconitase
3. Iso-citrate dehydrogenase
4. ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
5. Succinyl-Coenzyme A
Synthetase
6. Succinate dehydrogenase
7. Fumerase
8. Malate dehydrogenase
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Products of one turn of the citric acid cycle
One turn- One GTP (or ATP), 3 NADH, one FADH2=10 ATP
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Products of one turn of the citric acid cycle
In each turn of the cycle, one acetyl group (two carbons) enters as
6 acetyl-CoA and two molecules of CO2 leave;
Detailed Reactions of TCA cycle
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Reactions of Citric Acid Cycle
1. Citrate synthase:
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To begin a turn of the cycle, acetyl-CoA donates its acetyl group to the
four-carbon compound oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon citrate.
2. Aconitase:
There are two isoforms of this enzyme, one uses NAD+ and other uses
NADP+ as electron acceptor.
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4. a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase:
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5. Succinyl CoA synthatse:
Succinyl CoA, like Acetyl CoA has a thioester bond with very negative
free energy of hydrolysis. In this reaction, the hydrolysis of the
thioester bond leads to the formation of phosphoester bond with
inorganic phosphate. This phosphate is transferred to Histidine
residue of the enzyme and this high energy, unstable phosphate is
finally transferred to GDP resulting in the generation of GTP.
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Malonate has similar structure to Succinate
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8. L-Malate dehydrogenase:
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• One molecule of oxaloacetate is used to form citrate and
one molecule of oxaloacetate is regenerated. No net
removal of oxaloacetate occurs; one molecule of
oxaloacetate can theoretically bring about oxidation of an
infinite.
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Role of the citric acid cycle in anabolism
Intermediates of the
citric acid cycle are
fructose 1,6- bisphosphate drawn off as precursors
in many biosynthetic
pathways. Shown in red
(+)
are four anaplerotic
reactions that replenish
depleted cycle
intermediates
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