SPECIAL EDITION | NOV 2022

| VOL 27 | NO. 2-SE

ISSN: 2232-1047 eISSN: 0127-8886
www.jfatwa.usim.edu.my

THE CONCEPT OF MUSLIM FRIENDLY TOURISM AND ITS

IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA

Zahrah Fatimah Ariff Irshad1a*, Noorul Huda Sahari2b and Anis Husna3c

a Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA
E-mail: [email protected]
bAcademy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

E-mail: [email protected]
cAcademy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

E-mail: [email protected]

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Received: 07 October 2022 Accepted: 15 October 2022 Published: 30 November 2022
DOI: https://doi.org.10.33102/jfatwa.vol27no2-SE.484

ABSTRACT

Muslim friendly tourism (MFT) is famous for the services and facilities in compliance with
Shariah. Malaysia has developed an impressive tourism but there is lack of awareness among
industry players where some of them still do not show interest to implement MFT. The scope
of this research covers on the implementation of MFT in Malaysia. The objective is to examine
the concept of MFT implemented in Malaysia and its services and facilities provided by the
agency. The conceptual study adopts a qualitative method where the data are collected through
library research such as from books, articles, journals, reports, and online resources. The
collected data were analysed by using content analysis. The finding of this study discovers on
the implementation of MFT in services and regulation standards. By understanding the actual
concept, it can enhance the opportunities of MFT and attract key players to invest.

Keywords: Halal, Muslim Friendly, Services, Shariah Compliant, Tourism

1. INTRODUCTION

The Muslim population is growing at the fastest rate around the world.
Most Muslim countries are increasingly adopting the growing trend of Muslim-
friendly tourism. As a result, more Muslims are willing to travel to other
countries, whether they are Muslim or non-Muslim countries (Hasanah &
Harun, 2020). According to Global Muslim Travel Index (2017), the Muslim
international tourists estimated about 121 million in 2016 and is expected to
grow to 156 million by the year 2020. Nonetheless, the worldwide Muslim
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

population is vast and expanding, with an estimated 1.6 billion Muslims in 2010
and a predicted 2.2 billion Muslims by 2030, accounting for 26.4 percent of the
global total. Malaysia is a moderate Muslim country with multi-faith and multi-
races in the society where Islam is constitutionally the country’s official religion
(Islamic Tourism Centre, 2016). Muslim friendly tourism refers to the provision
of tourism goods and services in response to Muslim visitor demand. It
facilitates Muslim consumers' respect and dietary requirements that are
compliant with Islamic teachings as defined by Islamic Shari'ah law, which is
based on the Quran (the divine book), Hadith (the compilation of Prophet
Muhammad's traditions), and Fiqh (a group of Islamic scholars' consensus
opinions) (S Bangsawan, Ms, Rahman, & Razimi, 2019). In Islam, tourism
activities are highly recommended; this tour instruction is found in various
verses of the Al Quran. Among the terminologies that significantly used to refer
as Islamic tourism are siyar, safar, al-siyahah al-ziyarah, or al rihlah (Ahmad,
Hermintoyo, & Maghfiroh, 2021).

To implement Muslim friendly tourism, there are basic items or things that to
be included such as the transportation, food premise, finance, travel packages
and hotel and this thing shall he operated and fullfill the Shariah compliant
requirements. The Muslim Friendly Tourism nowadays become prominent
attractions to Muslim travellers to choose for. Due to higher numbers of Muslim
travellers from OIC nations, Malaysia's Ministry of Tourism has supported the
development of Muslim-friendly hospitality and services to meet their needs.

The Islamic Tourist Centre (ITC) was founded on March 16th, 2009, with the
goal of developing and promoting Islamic tourism activities (Jamil, Mohd
Reazal, i Haziz, & Md Sawari, 2019). The ITC provides training and capacity-
building services in respect to Islamic tourism in addition to offering
recommendations. In 2012, ITC prepared a blueprint paper named "Strategic
Plan for Islamic Tourism Development" through stakeholder engagements and
dialogues. This publication described the path ahead for Islamic tourism in
Malaysia and served as a guide by outlining the essential characteristics and
requirements for implementing Islamic tourism in Malaysia (Strategic
Roadmap for Development of Islamic Tourism in Oic Member Countries, 2018).
The Muslim friendly tourism is a valuable resource, especially in Muslim
nations with a rich and diverse past cultural. In the context of Islam, MFT must
be respectful to Islamic principles and human beings. It might bring wealth to
Muslim nations while also demonstrating concern and respect for their
tradition (Hossain Bhuiyan, Siwar, Mohamad Ismail, & Islam, 2011).

One of the issues that might obstruct Muslim-friendly tourism implementation

is lack of understanding and knowledge among service providers in MFT
69
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

which could limit Muslim-friendly tourist options. According to Ab Hamid,

Abdul Aziz, Abd Rahman, and Ali (2018), certain people in the industry's lack
of sensitivity causes travellers from other nations who don't know much about
halal in Malaysia to be wary. For example, several Muslim-owned restaurants
lack halal certification yet display Quranic passages on their walls. Some of
Muslims were confused about the halal certification status on the premises as
it can be misunderstood as there are Quranic verses which can make people
confuse. It means that, the concept of Muslim friendly tourism must be
understandable not only for the travellers but service providers as well so that
there will be no misconception in future about halal food or Muslim friendly
tourism. The lack of halal standards across countries with a single well-
established worldwide certification and/or accreditation organisation is one of
the biggest challenges facing the halal market, and no certification institution
offers Halal certification to companies providing Halal travel or tourism
products (Gohary, 2020). There are some challenges in implementing Muslim
friendly tourism in Malaysia but there are a lot of opportunities that can be
gained by establishing MFT. Thus, this paper aimed to highlight Muslim
friendly tourism as a recent trend in the tourism industry, analyses its patterns,
as well as discussing what are the opportunities of Islamic tourism and how it
offers for growth, development and economic prosperity are unpacked. It is
hoped that this study able to provide enough information about Muslim
friendly tourism in Malaysia.

2. METHODOLOGY

The aim of this study is to examine the concept of Muslim Friendly

Tourism that has been implemented in Malaysia includes its services and
facilities provided by the agency. This article used qualitative method to gain
information and opinions from the previous research on the related field. To
achieve the objective, the research data began with collecting data through
library research. The data is gathered from several resources including from
books, article journal, newspaper, journal data based and reports. From the
obtained data, researcher analyses all the available information related to the
study by using content analysis. Through content analysis, researcher can
examine the concept and determine the theme. Other than that, to understand
the concept of Muslim friendly tourism, the primary sources of Shariah like al
Quran, al Hadith and opinion of scholars is referred to. Inductive was made to
Quran and Hadith to examine the basis on the concept of Muslim friendly
tourism according to Shariah perspective. Preliminarily, this article overviewed
on the comprehensive concept of Muslim Friendly Tourism from the edge of
Shariah and practices in term of its implementations, services and facilities
provided in Malaysia.
70
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Muslim Friendly Tourism is an industry that is well known of its services

and facilities. Based on the content analysis conducted on the data collected
from library research, MFT always offer services and facilities that are Shariah
compliant. The analysis of the data is discussed as follow:

a. Muslim friendly services and facilities

Muslim friendly tourism has been identified as all tourist-related services

and facilities that comply to Shariah law, with a focused-on hotels, food and
beverages and travel events (Abdul Aziz A., 2018). The developing worldwide
ecosystem of MFT goods and services, marketing trends for MFT products and
services, government regulations supporting MFT and more are included in the
scope of MFT. Halal products and services are getting more popular among
people of all religions and philosophies, since halal products are renowned for
their excellence and the halal business has been establishing an enabling
environment for mutual respect and honest interaction (Ahmed & Akbaba,
2018). Muslim-friendly products and services should be included in tourism
destination planning (e.g., prayer rooms in airports and public places,
Ramadan meal plans), while preserving the quality of experience that the
location provides to other visitors (Cetin & Zeki Dinçer, 2016). The hotel
accommodations are the most prominent activity that should act according to
Syariah principles (Jamil, Mohd Reazal, i Haziz, & Md Sawari, 2019). In most
scenarios, hotel amenities are designed to be accessible to both male and female
guests which they must be separated such as gymnasium, spa and swimming
pools. This is important to avoid any misunderstanding or issues that may arise
later. In Malaysia, the Islamic Tourism Centre (ITC) and the Halal Hub Division
under JAKIM have collaborated on a program for the MFT industry products
and services providers on Halal certification and standardization.

b. Regulations and standard on Muslim Friendly Tourism

The rapid expansion of Muslim-friendly hospitality and the expansion of

the Muslim-friendly hotel idea need the intervention of the appropriate
authorities to supervise and monitor its implementation and dissemination.
Working on the formulation of Muslim-Friendly Hospitality Services-
Requirements in accordance with Malaysian Standard (MS) has been started.
Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, IIUM, in collaboration with the Islamic
Tourism Centre, the Ministry of Tourism Malaysia, the Department of Standard
Malaysia, the Ministry of Science and Innovation Malaysia, the Department of
Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), the Ministry of Education Malaysia
71
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

(for the research grant NRGS 130010001), and the Malaysian tourism industries,
successfully completed the draught that was accepted and approved by the
Islamic Standard Committee in December 2014. A standard is necessary to
assure and maintain the integrity of goods and services that are tailored to
Muslim customers, even if the Muslim friendly hotel idea is optional.
Specifically, the Malaysian Standard (MS 210:2015) was designed with the goal
of ensuring that goods and services targeted to Muslim travellers are in
compliance with Shariah principles.

Likes others tourism sector, Muslim Friendly Tourism is also subjected to

several acts and regulations that are related to tourism in Malaysia. The acts
include Tourism Industry Act 1992 and Tourism Vehicle Licensing Act 1999.
The regulations related to Tourism Industry namely Tourism Industry (Tour
Operating Business and Travel Agency Business) Regulations 1992, Tourism
Industry (Licensing and Control of Tourist Guides) Regulations 1992, Tourism
Industry (Licensing of Tourism Training Institutions) Regulations 1994,
Tourism Industry (Compounding of Offences) Regulations 1992. Whereas for
regulation under the Tourism Vehicles Licensing namely Tourism Vehicles
(Licensing and Control of Tourism Vehicles) Regulations 2000.

Tourism Industry Act 1992 is an act allowing for the authorisation and control
of tourism enterprises and relevant or accidental aspects thereof. It consists of
five parts and each section has different approaches. For examples, section 5 of
The Tourism Industry Act 1992 stipulates the requirement for tourism
operators and agency to operate the tourism business after obtaining the licence
from the ministry. Beside it highlight an undertaking authorised for tourism
shall always show its license in a prominent location at its principal place of
business and in every section the authorised tourism business brings the
company operates on or in. It shows that it is important to have license if people
are doing business under tourism. The act is pertinent in order to protect the
travellers’ interest in case there is any issues arisen from the tourism provider.

Besides, The Muslim Friendly provider also subject to the requirements

provided in halal related standards used for Muslim friendly tourism such as
standard for halal food as in MS1500:2019: Food Product. This standard is a
guideline for the food operator and manufacturer in order to certify their food
produce as halal and the standard is regarded as important information for
people to refer at in order gain information and knowledge on halal food in
term of the food, store, and distribution and so on. This information is
important to avoid any misleading or confusion regarding the halal status of
the food consumed. All the regulations and standards are important to ensure
that tourists and service providers have something to refer and manage to
72
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

handle any problem arisen based on the law and standard provided. By having
these regulations, it shows that Malaysia is a country that prioritises and
protects the consumer rights.

c. Economic Contributions

The Tourist Development Corporation was formed in 1972, and the

government took several important efforts to acknowledge the tourist sector's
potential in Malaysia. Later, the government developed plans to boost the
tourist industry by implementing a variety of measures during the duration of
the five-year economic plan (Habibullah, Haji Din, Wei-Chong, & Siow-Hooi,
2019). Tourism is Malaysia's most profitable service industry in terms of foreign
exchange profits. There were ten nations where foreign tourists were expected
to arrive and to hit the target, non-Muslim visitors, as well as Muslim tourists
must be encouraged (Hossain Bhuiyan, Siwar, & Mohamad Ismail, 2013). One
of Malaysia's economic contributions came from the tourism industry, where
the government prioritised the development of several tourist-related projects
to boost the country's economic future (Bhuiyan, Siwar, Ismail, & Islam, 2011).

Muslim-friendly tourism provides several work opportunities for people who

are familiar with Shariah laws and live an Islamic lifestyle. The tourism sector
not only offers services but also produces jobs and boosts the Malaysian
economy (Samori & Rahman, 2014). It means that by implementing Muslim
friendly tourism in Malaysia, it can provide job opportunities and at the same
time increase the economy of Malaysia by having travellers from other
countries especially Muslims to use the services and facilities. Not only that,
but there are also many sectors that are involved directly and indirectly while
establishing Muslim friendly tourism in Malaysia.

d. Halal food

Malaysia is regarded as one of the best Muslim tourist destinations in the

world, with a variety of Muslim-friendly facilities and services (Zainol,
Mustafa, & Willibrod, 2021). Halal food is one of the main things in
implementing Muslim friendly tourism. It is because Halal food is not only
lawful, it also must safe and free from any contaminations. 75% of Muslims
choose to consume halal food when travelling due not only to religious
guidelines but also to the perception that halal food is healthier, cleaner, and
tastier. One of the most important Islamic characteristics of an Islamic tourist
resort is the availability and accessibility of halal cuisine (Hassan, 2015). When
Muslims travel, concerns such as the availability of Halal cuisine, conservative
entertainment, and the provision of separate facilities for men and women will
73
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

all be important aspects. By establishing more Halal restaurants/outlets and

Halal food, it could make the Muslim tourists feel more at ease and less
doubtful regarding local Halal food (Zainol, Mustafa, & Willibrod , 2021). In
Malaysia, there are many halal restaurants and café that provide halal food as
they get the halal certification from Department of Islamic Development
Malaysia (JAKIM). For examples, The Chicken Rice Shop, McDonalds and
others. Availability of Halal food, prayer areas, segregated entertainment
facilities, and not offering alcohol, gambling and adult channels are among the
list of Muslim traveller needs.

According to Samori and Rahman (2013), Malaysia was a pioneer in

introducing a comprehensive standard for halal products through the
Malaysian Standard: Halal Food-Production, Preparation, and Storage-General
Guidelines, which allowed Malaysia's Islamic tourism sector to market and
position itself as a unique destination among other countries due to the
existence of Halal standards that were monitored and controlled by
government authorities. Access to Halal food is easy and has been one of the
top reasons why Muslim tourists feel at home in Malaysia. Almost all types of
cuisine (Malaysian, Korean, Japanese, etc.) and all types of fast food are
available (Eddahar, 2016). Halal food is another industry that has the potential
to provide numerous opportunities not only for travellers but also for citizens.
It is because halal-certified restaurants and food items can be one of the sectors
that provide opportunities for people and the food business to make a good
living. It's essential to highlight that the Halal market affects not just Muslims,
but also non-Muslim visitors, since it's a global symbol of quality assurance and
lifestyle preference.

Figure captions and table headings should be sufficient to explain the figure or
table without needing to refer to the text. Figures and tables not cited in the text
should not be presented. Styles Heading Table and Caption Figure are available
in this template for tables and figures.

e. The implementations of Muslim friendly tourism in Malaysia

Nowadays, Islamic hospitality is ingrained in the faith, culture, and

lifestyle of Muslims. The government has made several efforts to make
Malaysia one of Asia's most developed countries. The tourist industry has
become one of the most important contributors to the country's economy. In
1980s, tourism has more potential to boost the economy due to global recession
at that time (Mazumder, Ahmed, & Al-Amin, 2009). Malaysia was named one
of the world's top rising tourism destinations by the World Tourism
Organization (WTO) in December 2004. Malaysia has a lot of potential to
74
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

enhance Islamic tourism for economic sustainability and religious fulfilment

(Hossain Bhuiyan, Siwar, Mohamad Ismail, & Islam, 2011). Prior to the rise of
Muslim tourists from OIC nations, Malaysia's Ministry of Tourism pushed the
development of Muslim-friendly hospitality and services to meet the needs of
the visitors. The Islamic Tourism Centre (ITC) was founded on March 16th,
2009, with the purpose of improving and promoting Islamic tourism activities
(Jamil, Mohd Reazal, i Haziz, & Md Sawari, 2019). Some of the efforts made by
Tourism Malaysia to promote Muslim friendly tourism are by making The
Halal Master Plan. They also catered to Muslim needs in the hospitality
industry and be the host for the first OIC Global Islamic Tourism Conference
and Exhibition in 2008. It shows that the implementation of MFT had to take a
lot of efforts and Malaysia is one of the countries that made a lot of initiatives
to implement MFT.

Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (MTPB) is the department who is

responsible to promote Malaysia as destination of choice on international level.
By launching Visit Malaysia Year (VYM) Campaign in 1990, followed by the
State Visit Year (SVY) in 1991, Malaysia started taking tourism more seriously.
Malaysian Plans (MPs) were the first initiative to demonstrate a significant
interest in tourist products and services over a five-year period. This plan was
created by the National Tourism Policy (NTP) in 1992, the Ecotourism Plan
(NEP) in 1996, and the Malaysian Tourism Transformation Programme (MTTP)
in 2010 (Mosbah & Mohamed Saleh, 2014). If effectively marketed, Muslim-
friendly tourism is one of the most competent industries for generating income
for a country especially in ASEAN (Nurrachm, 2019). One of the efforts to
promote Islamic tourism is by creating websites that are dedicated to Islamic
arts, Quranic calligraphy, and mosque architecture (Shafaei & Mohamed, 2015).
In Surah Al Rum verses 42, Allah says, travel through the earth and see what
the end of those was before you: most of them worshipped others besides
Allah.” Based on the above verse Allah wants people to see the world and
worships Him by looking at all His beautiful and different kind of creations
with different purposes. It means that travelling is something that is allowed
for people to do to see Allah’s creatures and appreciate what He has created for
humans.

4. CONCLUSION

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss on Muslim friendly tourism

and its implementation in Malaysia. The Muslim travel market will be one of
the largest contributors to the travelling market. By having Islamic Tourism
Centre, it helps to improve the quality of MFT in Malaysia. It includes food,
hotel, transportation and entertainment. Muslim Friendly tourism has many
75
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

benefits and advantages to help our economy sector as well as people too. It
also assists in promoting Islamic culture and creates awareness among people
about travel but Shariah compliant. Muslim friendly tourism has been
implemented since along way and there has been many improvements made
to make sure that it is comply with Islamic law and easy for tourists to follow
the guidance. This research can assist future tourism and hospitality research,
particularly regarding the long-term viability of Muslim friendly tourism and
Muslim travellers. It may also help future studies in understanding more about
MFT most prevalent services, which include not just food and beverage but also
lodging and destination attraction services for Muslim travellers. It means that
people need to understand the concept of Muslim friendly tourism so that they
can experience and know how it works. This big opportunity of the
implementation of Muslim friendly tourism concept comes with big challenges
in terms of its implementation and acceptance among the consumers and
traders. In Malaysia, the degree of compliance should be further upgraded to
meet the purely Islamic rules and principles.

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to convey my greatest appreciation to Universiti Teknologi

MARA for its indefinite support that enabling this paper to be published in this
journal. Besides, I would like to acknowledge and give my warmest thanks to
my supervisor, Prof Madya Dr Noorul Huda Sahari who made this work
possible. Her advice and guidance carried me through all the stages of my
writing. I would also like to thank my friend, Anis Husna for her assistance and
brilliant suggestions to complete this paper. Not to forget, my family for their
moral support so that I can complete this research on time.

76
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

6. REFERENCES

Abdul Aziz, A. (2018). Muslim Friendly Tourism: Concept, Practices and

Challenges in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in
Business and Social Sciences, 355-363.

Ab Hamid, S., Abdul Aziz, Y., Abd Rahman, A., & Ali, M. (2018). Implementing
Big Scale Halal Tourism in Malaysia. Journal of International Academic
Research in Business and Social Sciences vol 8, 304-318.

Ahmad, N., Hermintoyo, M., & Maghfiroh, A. (2021). Knowledge of Tourism

Related to Halal Tourism in the City of Semarang in the Era of Pandemic.
International Conference on Energy, Environment and Information System
(pp. 1-9). EDP Sciences.

Ahmed, M., & Akbaba, A. (2018). The Potential Of Halal Tourism In Ethiopia:
Opportunities, Challengesand Prospects. Journal International of
Contemporary Tourism Research 1, 13-22.

Bhuiyan, M., Siwar, C., Ismail, S., & Islam, R. (2011). Potentials of Islamic
Tourism: A Case Study of Malaysia on East Coast Economic Region.
Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Australian, 1333-1340.

Cetin, G., & Zeki Dinçer, M. (2016). Muslim Friendly Tourism (MFT): A
Discussion. Journal of Tourismology 2(1), 65-67.

Department of Standards Malaysia. (2015). MS 2610:2015- Muslim Friendly

Hospitality Services- Requirements.

Eddahar, D. (2016). Muslim Friendly Tourism Branding in the Global Market.

Casablanca. Global Muslim Travellers Index (2017). Global Muslim
Travel Index 2017. Retrieved from:
https://www.crescentrating.com/reports/mastercard-crescentrating-global-
muslim-travel-index-gmti- 2017.html

Gohary, H. (2020). Coronavirus and Halal Tourism and Hospitality Industry:

Is It a Journey to the Unknown? 1-26.

Habibullah, M. S., Haji Din, B., W.-C. C., & S.-H. T. (2019). Sustainable Tourism,
Deforestation and Growth: A Case For Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability
Science and Management Vol 14, 111-124.

77
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

Hasanah, S., & Harun, A. (2020). Muslim Friendly Tourism and Western
Creative Tourism: The Conceptual Intersection Analysis. Journal of
International Islamic Business Ethics 5(1):21, 21-32.

Hassan, Z. (2015). Factors affecting Muslim Tourists Choice of Halal Concept

Hotels and Satisfaction in Malaysia: Moderating effect of Religious
Devotedness. Journal International of Accounting & Business Management,
133-143.

Hossain Bhuiyan, M., Siwar, C., Mohamad Ismail, S., & Islam, R. (2011).
Potentials of Islamic Tourism: A Case Study of Malaysia on East Coast
Economic Region. Journal Australian of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1333-
1340.

Hossain Bhuiyan, M., Siwar, C., & Mohamad Ismail, S. (2013). Tourism
Development in Malaysia from the Perspective of Development Plans.
Asian Social Science, Vol. 9, 11-18.

Jamil, N., Mohd Reazal, S., i Haziz, I., & Md Sawari, S. (2019). Rethinking the
Strategies of Islamic Tourism Development in Malaysia. An International
Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences, 184-187.

Mazumder, M., Ahmed, E., & Al-Amin, A. (2009). Does Tourism Contribute
Significantly to the Malaysian Economy? Multiplier Analysis Using I-O
Technique. Journal of International Business and Management, 146-159.

Md Salleh, N., Abdul Hamid, A., Hashim, N., & Omain, S. (2014). The Practice
of Shariah- Compliant Hotel in Malaysia. Journal of International Trade,
Economics and Finance, Vol. 5, No. 1, 26-30.

Mosbah, A., & Mohamed Saleh, A. (2014). A Review of Tourism Development

in Malaysia. European Journal of Business and Management Vol 6, 1-9.

Nurrachm, R. (2019). The Potential Industry of Islamic Tourism in Asean

Countries. IJIBE (International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics) Vol 4, 627-
639.

S Bangsawan, Ms, M., Rahman, M., & Razimi, M. (2019). Muslim friendly
tourism and. S. BANGSAWAN, et al. Muslim friendly tourism and
accommodation of Malaysian hotel industries, 341- 348.

Samori, Z., & Abd Rahman , F. (2013). Establishing Shariah Compliant Hotels
78
 Journal of Fatwa Management and Research | Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa | ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إدارة و�ﺤﻮث اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‬

November 2022 |Vol. 27 No.2-SE| ISSN: 2232-1047 | eISSN: 0127-8886

In Malaysia: Identifying Opportunities, Exploring Challenges. West East

Journal of Social Sciences-August, 95- 108.

Samori, Z., Rahman F.A. (2013). Towards the Formation of Shariah Complaint
Hotel in Malaysia: An Exploratory Study on its Opportunities and
Challenges. WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings,
Istanbul, Turkey.

Samori, Z., & Rahman, F. (2014). Hotel Industry: An Appraisal from The
Maqɩsid Al-Shari’yyah (Objectives of The Shariah) Perspective. Journal
of International Business and Management Studies, 1-14.

Shafaei, F., & Mohamed, B. (2015). Malaysia's branding as an Islamic tourism

hub: An assessment. Journal of Malaysia Society and Space vol 11, 97-106.

Strategic Roadmap for Development of Islamic Tourism in Oic Member Countries.

(2018). Ankara – Turkey: The Statistical, Economic and Social Research
and Training Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRIC).

Wijayanti, A., Widyaningsih, H., Hakim, M., & Arif Fiyan, M. (2018). Past,
Present, and Future Perspectives on The Concept of Halal Tourism.
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, (pp. 30-36).

Zainol, N., Mustafa, E., & Willibrod, A. (2021). Muslim Tourists’ Food And
Beverage Needs And Preferences During Travel. Journal of Event,
Tourism and Hospitality Studies, Vol. 1, 121-142.

Disclaimer
The views expressed in this article are those of the author. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research
shall not be liable for any loss, damage or other liability caused by / arising from the use of the contents
of this article.

79