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    Lecture 5

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    This document discusses design thinking methods and the glass box methodology. It describes the 5 stages of the design thinking process: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. Each stage is explained in 1-2 paragraphs. It also contrasts the black box and glass box design methodologies, noting that glass box is more open, rational, and involves the beneficiary in decision making compared to black box.

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    Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    kaveen khalil
    41 views23 pages
    This document discusses design thinking methods and the glass box methodology. It describes the 5 stages of the design thinking process: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. Each stage is explained in 1-2 paragraphs. It also contrasts the black box and glass box design methodologies, noting that glass box is more open, rational, and involves the beneficiary in decision making compared to black box.

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    This document discusses design thinking methods and the glass box methodology. It describes the 5 stages of the design thinking process: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. Each stage is explained in 1-2 paragraphs. It also contrasts the black box and glass box design methodologies, noting that glass box is more open, rational, and involves the beneficiary in decision making compared to black box.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views23 pages

    Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    kaveen khalil
    This document discusses design thinking methods and the glass box methodology. It describes the 5 stages of the design thinking process: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. Each stage is explained in 1-2 paragraphs. It also contrasts the black box and glass box design methodologies, noting that glass box is more open, rational, and involves the beneficiary in decision making compared to black box.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Architectural Design

    Methodology
    DESIGN THINKING METHODS

    MSc. Arch.| Lawand Kamal 23/2/2022

    University of Duhok

    Week 5
    THINKING METHODS
    Design Thinking is a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving problems. It’s
    extremely useful in tackling complex problems that are ill-defined or unknown, by understanding the human
    needs involved, by re-framing the problem in human-centric ways, by creating many ideas
    in brainstorming sessions, and by adopting a hands-on approach in prototyping and testing.

    We will focus on the five-stage Design Thinking model proposed by the Hasso-Plattner Institute of
    Design at Stanford (d.school). d.school is the leading university when it comes to teaching Design
    Thinking. The five stages of Design Thinking, according to d.school, are as follows: Empathise, Define
    (the problem), Ideate, Prototype, and Test.
    1. Empathise
    The first stage of the Design Thinking process is to gain
    an empathic understanding of the problem you are trying
    to solve. This involves consulting experts to find out more
    about the area of concern through observing, engaging
    and empathizing with people to understand their
    experiences and motivations, as well as immersing
    yourself in the physical environment so you can gain a
    deeper personal understanding of the issues
    involved. Empathy is crucial to a human-centered design
    process such as Design Thinking, and empathy allows
    design thinkers to set aside their own assumptions about
    the world in order to gain insight into users and their
    needs.
    Depending on time constraints, a substantial amount of information is gathered at this stage
    to use during the next stage and to develop the best possible understanding of the users,
    their needs, and the problems that underlie the development of that particular product.
    2. Define (the Problem)

    During the Define stage, you put together the information


    you have created and gathered during the Empathise
    stage. This is where you will analyse your observations
    and synthesise them in order to define the core problems
    that you and your team have identified up to this point.
    You should seek to define the problem as a problem
    statement in a human-centred manner.
    The Define stage will help the designers in your team gather great ideas to establish features,

    functions, and any other elements that will allow them to solve the problems or, at the very

    least, allow users to resolve issues themselves with the minimum of difficulty. In the Define

    stage you will start to progress to the third stage, Ideate, by asking questions which can help

    you look for ideas for solutions by asking: “How might we… encourage teenage girls to perform

    an action that benefits them and also involves your company’s food-product or service?”
    3. Ideate
    During the third stage of the Design Thinking process, designers are
    ready to start generating ideas. You’ve grown to understand your
    users and their needs in the Empathise stage, and you’ve analysed
    and synthesised your observations in the Define stage, and ended up
    with a human-centered problem statement. With this solid
    background, you and your team members can start to "think outside
    the box" to identify new solutions to the problem statement you’ve
    created, and you can start to look for alternative ways of viewing the
    problem. There are hundreds of Ideation techniques such as
    Brainstorm, Brainwrite, Worst Possible Idea, and SCAMPER.
    Brainstorm and Worst Possible Idea sessions are typically used to
    stimulate free thinking and to expand the problem space.
    It is important to get as many ideas or problem solutions as possible at the beginning of

    the Ideation phase. You should pick some other Ideation techniques by the end of the

    Ideation phase to help you investigate and test your ideas so you can find the best way

    to either solve a problem or provide the elements required to circumvent it.


    4. Prototype
    The design team will now produce a number of inexpensive, scaled
    down versions of the product or specific features found within the
    product, so they can investigate the problem solutions generated in
    the previous stage. Prototypes may be shared and tested within the
    team itself, in other departments, or on a small group of people
    outside the design team. This is an experimental phase, and the aim
    is to identify the best possible solution for each of the problems
    identified during the first three stages. The solutions are
    implemented within the prototypes, and, one by one, they are
    investigated and either accepted, improved and re-examined, or
    rejected on the basis of the users’ experiences.
    By the end of this stage, the design team will have a better idea of the constraints inherent to the product

    and the problems that are present, and have a clearer view of how real users would behave, think, and feel

    when interacting with the end product.


    5. Test

    Designers or evaluators rigorously test the complete product using


    the best solutions identified during the prototyping phase. This is
    the final stage of the 5 stage-model, but in an iterative process,
    the results generated during the testing phase are often used
    to redefine one or more problems and inform the understanding of
    the users, the conditions of use, how people think, behave, and
    feel, and to empathise. Even during this phase, alterations and
    refinements are made in order to rule out problem solutions and
    derive as deep an understanding of the product and its users as
    possible.
    DESIGN METHODS

    Design methods Can be reviewed from three points of view:

    • Creativity
    • Rationality
    • Control over the design process
    BLACK BOX

    With this method, the architect performs a

    quick analysis of the available requirements

    and information and then gives an initial idea

    (Sketch) of the architectural concept.


    CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK BOX
    METHODOLOGY
    • Ambiguity of thinking
    • Focus on the external
    • Inaccurate Decision Making (Intuitive)
    • One solution
    • the action-reaction relationship between the architect and the benefactor
    • Beneficiary response Criticism and development of the idea
    • Mostly, superficiality deals with the problem
    GLASS BOX
    MECHANISM OF SOLVING PROBLEMS IN
    GLASS BOX
    Characteristics of glass box method

    1- Openly thinking
    2- The sequence of thinking
    3- The importance of decisions and the amount of information
    4- Defining the idea and wasting effort
    5- The relationship between the designer and the beneficiary
    6- Participation of the beneficiary in developing the design decision
    7- The nature of the problem and the solution
    TIME LINE OF DESIGN
    Any Questions ?

    Week 5

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