MATH 9 QUARTER 4 Week 1 :

NAME: ____________________________________ GR& SEC: _____________________

Competencies :
• The students illustrate the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant,
and cotangent. (M9GE–IVa–1)

To The Learners :
Provide ample time to understand and familiarize the six trigonometric ratios. Before you proceed to the
topic, make sure you have knowledge about the concept of a right triangle. You may request the help of
your family to understand better this module. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully the directions or instructions in this module.
2. Take down notes of the important concepts of the six trigonometric ratios.
3. Follow the steps using calculator in solving the problems.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian check your answers using a coupon bond and compile it as your
portfolio.
5. Enjoy and have fun!

Learning Expectations

This module was designed to help you understand and familiarize the concept of the six trigonometric
ratios. By doing this module, you are expected to:
a. familiarize the six trigonometric ratios;
b. differentiate the six trigonometric ratios; and
c. apply these ratios to solve problems that involve real-life situations.

Pre - test

I. Let us find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Read each
question/statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Using a calculator, evaluate sin 650.

a. 0.9063 c. 0.9163
b. 0.9066 d. 0.9156

2. Using a calculator, find the value of tan 450.

a. 4 c. 2
b. 3 d. 1

3. Using a calculator, find the value of cotangent 500.

a. 1 c. 1/2
b. 88.8542 d. 0.8391

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER

MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 1 | 10
 4. Using a calculator, evaluate secant 560.
a. 0.5592 c. 1
b. 1.7883 d. 0.8290

5. In the six trigonometric ratios, what is the equivalent of cos 𝜃?

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
c. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
b. d.
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

6. What is the equivalent of sec 𝜃?

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
c. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
b. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
d. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

7. What is the equivalent of cot 𝜃?

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
a. 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
c. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
b. d.
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒

8. What is the equivalent in degree of cos 𝜃 = 0.5?

a. 300 c. 600
b. 250 d. 900

9. If sec 𝜃 = 1.5557, then what is the value of 𝜃 in whole number?

a. 300 c. 750
b. 500 d. 900

4
10. If tan 𝜃 = 5, then 𝜃 is equal to what degree in whole number?
a. 300 c. 800
b. 450 d. 390

II. Identify the equivalent of the following trigonometric ratio given the figure below.

𝜃 10
6

1. sin 𝜃 = 4. csc 𝜃 =

2. cos 𝜃 = 5. sec 𝜃 =

3. tan 𝜃 = 6. cot 𝜃 =

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER

MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 2 | 10
 Looking Back to your Lesson

In the previous lesson, you have learned how to find the unknown side/s of a triangle using
Pythagorean Theorem. There are also Special Right Triangles wherein you can find the length of other
sides given only one of the sides.

Pythagorean Theorem:

In a right triangle, the sides adjacent to the right angle are sides a and b,
they are called legs while the longest side c opposite to the right angle is called
hypotenuse.
A
c
b Formula:

C B 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
a

Special Right Triangles:

• 𝟑𝟎𝟎 − 𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟗𝟎𝟎 − Triangle

The length of the hypotenuse is twice the length of the shorter leg (opposite to
300-angle) and the length of the longer leg (opposite to 600-angle) is √3 times
the length of the shorter leg.

• 𝟒𝟓𝟎 − 𝟒𝟓𝟎 − 𝟗𝟎𝟎 − Triangle

The length of the hypotenuse is √2 times as long as each leg.

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1 : Triangle Trigonometry
The Six Trigonometric Ratios
Using the six trigonometric ratios, we can find the measure of the unknown side/s and angle/s of a
right triangle. These ratios are the sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent.
Important keys :
𝜃(𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑎) is the reference angle to determine The cosecant, secant, and cotangent
the opposite, adjacent, and the hypotenuse. are the reciprocal of sine, cosine, and
tangent. These are as follows:
a c (hypotenuse) 1
(opposite to 𝜃) csc 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃
θ

b (adjacent to 𝜃) 1
sec 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃
The six trigonometric ratios are:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 csc 𝜃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 1
cos 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 tan 𝜃
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
tan 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 cot 𝜃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒

𝑆𝑂𝐻 − 𝐶𝐴𝐻 − 𝑇𝑂𝐴 𝐶𝐻𝑂 − 𝑆𝐻𝐴 − 𝐶𝐴𝑂

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER
MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 3 | 10
Examples:

I. Use the figure below to complete the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent,
cosecant, secant, and cotangent.

5
3

4
1. sin 𝜃 = ------ 4. csc 𝜃 = -----
3 5
Answer: Answer:
5 3

2. cos 𝜃 = ----- 5. sec 𝜃 = -----

4 5
Answer: Answer:
5 4

3. tan 𝜃 = ----- 6. cot 𝜃 = -----

3 4
Answer: 4 Answer: 3

Note: Make sure that your scientific calculator is in degree (deg) mode.
II. Use your calculator to find the value of the following.

1. sin 450 =______

• Press 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45 =
Answer: 0.7071
2. cos 500 =______
• Press 𝑐𝑜𝑠 50 =
Answer: 0.6428
3. tan 450 =______
• Press 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45 =
Answer: 1
1
4. csc 450 =______ Remember that csc 𝜃 = sin 𝜃
• Press 1 ÷ (sin 45) =1.4142,
or
• Press sin 45 = 𝑥 −1 =
Answer: 1.4142
1
5. sec 500 =______ Remember that sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃

• Press 1 ÷ (cos 50) =1.5557

or
• Press cos 50 = 𝑥 −1 =
Answer: 1.5557
1
6. cot 450 =______ Remember that cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃
• Press 1 ÷ (𝑡𝑎𝑛 45) =1
or

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER

MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 4 | 10
 • Press tan 45 = 𝑥 −1 =
Answer: 1
7. cos 𝜃 = 0.5
• Press 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0.5 =
Answer: 𝟔𝟎𝟎
8. sec 𝜃 = 1.5557
• Press 1.5557 𝑥 −1 = 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 cos =
Answer: 49.999… or 𝟓𝟎°
9. sin 𝜃 = 0.5736
• Press 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 0.5736 =
Answer: 35.0016… or 𝟑𝟓°
10. cot 𝜃 = 0.4663
• Press 0.4663 𝑥 −1 = 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 tan =
Answer: 65.000… or 𝟔𝟓°
Note: Make sure that your scientific calculator is in degree (deg) mode.
In some calculators, Shift key is same as 2nd Function key
III. Find the trigonometric ratio and its equivalent in degree of the given figure.
4
H
B

S
1. Find the degree measure of ∠𝑆 using the trigonometric ratio.

Solution: We can only use Sine since the given are opposite of ∠𝑆 and the hypotenuse.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝑆 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
4
sin 𝑆 =
5
sin 𝑆 = 0.8
To compute for the measure of ∠𝑆

Press 0.8 Shift Sin = 53.130° ≈ 𝟓𝟑°

The measure of ∠𝐵 is 𝟓𝟑°

2. Find the 𝑚∠𝐵.

Solution: Since ∠𝐵 is the reference angle, we can only use Cosine because the given are leg
adjacent to it and the hypotenuse.
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
cos 𝐵 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
4
cos 𝐵 =
5
cos 𝐵 = 0.8

To compute for the measure of ∠𝐵

Press 0.8 Shift Cos = 36.87 ≈ 𝟑𝟕°

The measure of ∠𝐵 is 𝟑𝟕°

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER

MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 5 | 10
 3. Find the length of 𝐻𝑆.

Solution: You can use Pythagorean Theorem.

BS – hypotenuse

BH and SH – legs

(𝐵𝑆)2 = (𝐵𝐻)2 + (𝑆𝐻)2

52 = 42 + (𝑆𝐻)2
25 = 16 + (𝑆𝐻)2
√25 − 16 = √(𝑆𝐻)2

√9 = √(𝑆𝐻)2
3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 𝑆𝐻
The length of SH is 3 units.

4. A tree casts a shadow distance of 7 meters from the top of the tree and found out that it has
an angle of 450. Find the height of the tree.

h 7m

450
Given:
Distance from the top of the tree to the end of the shadow (hypotenuse) = 7 meters
Reference angle is 450

Solution:

Since the tree is opposite to 450, it is considered as the opposite side. In that case, the
sides needed were opposite and hypotenuse which corresponds to the trigonometric
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
ratio sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ
sin 450 =
7
ℎ
7 (sin 450 = ) 7 Use Multiplication Property of Equality
7

7(0.7071) = ℎ Use your calculator to find 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45°

ℎ = 4.9497 ≈ 𝟒. 𝟗 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔
The height of the tree is approximately 𝟒. 𝟗 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER

MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 6 | 10
 Activities

Activity 1.1. Find My Value!

Using your calculator, find the value of the following degrees. Round off your answer to the nearest
ten-thousandths. (Make sure your calculator is in Deg mode)

Given Value

1. sin 350
2. cos 400
3. tan 750
4. csc 500
5. sec 800
6. cot 300
7. sin 300
8. tan 450
9. cos 250
10. sec 250

Activity 1.2. Match Us!

Match column A and column B.

Column A Column B

1. sin 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
2. cos 40 0 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
3. tan 𝜃 0.7660

4. sin 150 0.2588

5. cos 𝜃 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
6. csc 20 0 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
7. csc 𝜃 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
8. cot 𝜃 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
9. tan 36 0 2.9238

10. sec 𝜃 0.7265

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER

MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 7 | 10
Activity 1.3. Bingo!
Answer each square and choose among the choices around and place it to the corresponding square
in the bingo card. Say “BINGO” if you already completed the pattern.

tan 450
B I N G O cot 𝜃

1
cos 450
tan 𝜃

0.2561
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 tan 𝜃 0.5

ℎ𝑦𝑝.
csc 250 FREE
𝑎𝑑𝑗. 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
tan 𝜃
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

2.3662 sec 𝜃

0.7071 𝑜𝑝𝑝.
ℎ𝑦𝑝.

Remember

The following are the important concepts of trigonometric ratio.

𝜃(𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑎) is the reference angle to determine

The cosecant, secant, and cotangent the opposite, adjacent, and the hypotenuse
are the reciprocal of sine, cosine, and
tangent. These are as follows:
c (hypotenuse)
1 a
csc 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃 (opposite to 𝜃)
θ Ɵ
1 b (adjacent to 𝜃)
sec 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃 The six trigonometric ratios are:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
1
cot 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
cos 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 sec 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
tan 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒

𝑆𝑂𝐻 − 𝐶𝐴𝐻 − 𝑇𝑂𝐴 𝐶𝐻𝑂 − 𝑆𝐻𝐴 − 𝐶𝐴𝑂

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER

MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 8 | 10
 Check your Understanding

Answer the following:

1. What is the trigonometric ratio of sec 𝜃?

2. The two legs of a right triangular lot are 5 meters and 12 meters with a reference angle
opposite to the longer leg. What is the trigonometric ratio using tangent?

3. If the hypotenuse of a right triangle is 8 centimeters and the leg adjacent to a reference angle
measures 4 centimeters, then, what is the ratio using secant?

Refer to the figure below in answering numbers 4 to 10.

4. sin 𝜃 = _______

5. csc 𝜃 = _______

6. cos 𝜃 = _______

7. sec 𝜃 = _______

8. tan 𝜃 = _______

9. cot 𝜃 = _______

10. What is the degree measure of the reference angle 𝜃? (Use any of the six trigonometric ratios.
Final answer should be in a whole number)

Post – test

I. Let us find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Read each
question/statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Using a calculator, evaluate sin 650.
a. 0.9063 c. 0.9163
b. 0.9066 d. 0.9156

2. Using a calculator, find the value of tan 450.

a. 4 c. 2
b. 3 d. 1
RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER
MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 9 | 10
 3. Using a calculator, find the value of cotangent 500.
a. 1 c. 1/2
b. 88.8542 d. 0.8391
4. Using a calculator, evaluate secant 56 .0

a. 0.5592 c. 1
b. 1.7883 d. 0.8290
5. In the six trigonometric ratios, what is the equivalent of cos 𝜃?
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
c. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
b. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
d. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
6. What is the equivalent of sec 𝜃?
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
c. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
b. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
d. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
7. What is the equivalent of cot 𝜃?
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
a. 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
c. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
b. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
d. 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
8. What is the equivalent in degree of cos 𝜃 = 0.5?
a. 300 c. 600
b. 250 d. 900
9. If sec 𝜃 = 1.5557, then what is the value of 𝜃 in whole number?
a. 300 c. 750
b. 500 d. 900
4
10. If tan 𝜃 = 5, then 𝜃 is equal to what degree in whole number?
a. 300 c. 800
b. 450 d. 390
II. Identify the equivalent of the following trigonometric ratio given the figure below.

𝜃 10
6

1. sin 𝜃 = _______ 4. csc 𝜃 = _______

2. cos 𝜃 = _______ 5. sec 𝜃 = _______
3. tan 𝜃 = _______ 6. cot 𝜃 = _______

Additional Activities

For better understanding of this lesson, watch the videos on www.youtube.com: “Six Basic
Trig Ratios”, and “Trigonometry For Beginners”.

RODERICK P. LAPEÑA & JOEY M. FERRER

MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 10 | 10