34 SPAD 4 EN1 C

Differential relay 1992 - 10 - 27

Written
ASEA BROWN BOVERI SPAD 330 C Checked
Approved

ABB Relays

Features Three-phase biased differential relay Stabilized operating principle prevents

for the protection of power transformers spurious function on faults occurring
and generator-transformer units. outside the area of protection.

Matching of the power transformer Blocking function, for prevention of

vector group with DlL switches and the spurious operations caused by con-
electronics. No intermediate current nection inrush currents, based on the
transformers are needed. occurrence of the second harmonic.

The transforming ratio errors of the Local display of measured and set
C.T.s separately correctable on the HV values on relay front panel.
and LV side of the power transformer.
Continuous self-supervision of the
Separately adjustable differential electronic circuitry and the operation
current high-set instantaneous stage. of the microprocessor.

1
C
Contents Features ..........................................................................................................1
Application .......................................................................................................2
Description of function .....................................................................................2
Connection diagram ........................................................................................5
Connections ....................................................................................................6
Intermodular control signals ............................................................................7
Signal abbreviations ........................................................................................7
Output relay module ........................................................................................8
Auxiliary power module ...................................................................................9
Applications ...................................................................................................10
Technical data ...............................................................................................15
Spare parts ....................................................................................................16
Information required with order .....................................................................17

The complete User’s Manual for the differential relay SPAD 330 C is composed of the
following partial documents:

General differential relay description 34 SPAD 4 EN 1

General characteristics of C-type relay modules 34 SPC 2 EN 1
Differential relay module 34 SPCD 1 EN 1
Instructions for mounting and maintenance of relays
of the SPA-300 series 34 SPA 11 EN 1

Application The differential relay SPAD 330 C is designed transformer units. The relay is also adopted for
to be used as a fast interwinding short-circuit three-winding power transformers provided that
and interturn fault protection for two-winding the power transformer is characterized by a
power transformers and power plant generator- unidirectional power flow.

Description of The differential relay compares the phase transformer and temporarily by transformer
function currents on either side of the protected object. connection inrush currents. As the transformer
If the amplitude or phase angle difference of load current increases, the differential current
the currents, or both, exceed the threshold caused by the current transformer inaccuracies
value setting, the relay operates. The current and the tap-changer grows in the same
transformer secondary currents measured on proportion as the load current. At short-circuits
either side of the protected object are desig- occurring outside the protected area, and when
nated I1 and I2 . Under normal service conditions, motors are started, the load current may grow
that is when there is no fault in the protected high enough to cause partial saturation of the
area, the I1 current is equal to the I2 current and current transformers. In such a case the
the differential current Id = 0, expression 1. differential current may grow to many tens per
cent of the load current. Because of these facts
Id = I1 - I2 (1) the operation of the differential relay has to be
stabilized to the load current. The higher the
In practice the differential current Id deviates load current in a biased differential relay, the
from zero also under normal service conditions. higher the differential current is required to
When protecting power transformers, differ- cause a relay operation. The bias current Ib of
ential currents are caused by inaccuracies of the relay is determined by expression 2:
the current transformers, changes in the tap-
changer position, no-load current of the power lb = ( I1 + I2) /2 (2)

2
 Id
In

Id3

Ib2
Ib3

1
Id2

Id1

1 2 3 4 5 Ib
In

1 2 3

Fig.1. Theoretical characteristic curve of a biased differential relay.

The effect of the bias function on the operation Partial range 2

of the relay is graphically illustrated by the
characteristic curve presented in Fig. 2. The range between 0.5 x In < Ib < 2.5 x In is called
the influence area of the starting ratio s. By
The differential relay has two adjustable setting the starting ratio, it is possible to
parameters, the basic setting p of the differential influence the slope of the characteristic curve
current and the starting ratio setting s. Using in this area, i.e. how big a change in the
the designations in Fig. 2 the settings p and s differential current, in relation to the load current
can be specified as follows: change, is required for tripping. The starting
ratio makes allowance for errors of the current
p = Id1 / In (3) transformers and changes of the tap-changer
s = Id2 / Ib2 (4) position. When using current transformers of
the 10P accuracy class, the current error in the
The slope of the characteristic curve varies in rated current range does not exceed 3 %.
the different sections: Hence the errors caused by the current
transformers may be in the class of 3+3 % =
Partial range 1 6 % at the most.

In the range Ib= 0…0.5 x In the differential current The starting ratio must not be too high, because
required for the relay to operate is constant. the sensitivity of the differential relay to interturn
The value of the differential current is equal to faults of the power transformer depends
the basic setting value p of the relay. The basic primarily on the starting ratio.
setting primarily allows for differential currents
caused by a no-load situation of the power Partial range 3
transformer, but it may also affect the whole
level of the characteristic curve. At rated voltage At high bias current values, Ib> 2.5 x In , the
the no-load losses of the power transformer characteristic curve has a constant slope,
can be expressed as tenths of a per cent only. approx. 100 %. This means that the increase
But if the voltage of the power transformer in the differential current required for relay to
suddenly rises due to an operational disturb- tripping equals to the increase in the corre-
ance, the magnetizing current of the transformer sponding bias current.
consequently rises. Normally, the magnetic
flux density of the power transformer is rather The actual characteristic curve and the setting
high at rated voltage, and then a voltage rise of range of the biased differential relay are
a couple per cents causes the magnetizing illustrated in Fig. 2. The setting values can be
current to rise by several tens of units of per adjusted within the shaded area.
cent. This fact is considered in the basic setting.

3
B
 Id 4.0
In
Curve p/% s/%

1 50 50
3.0 2 20 10

1.

2.0
2.

1.0

0.5

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Ib
In

Fig. 2. Setting range of the characteristic curve of the biased differential relay SPAD 330 C.

In power transformer protection the stabilization such a way that the measurement of the
of the operation with regard to the restraint differential current and a possible tripping
current is not enough to ensure a correct decision are based only on current samples
operation of the relay under all operation measured during the quarter-cycle following
conditions . the zero crossing of the HV and LV side phase
currents. This lowers the requirements on the
The connection of the power transformer to the current reproduction capability of the current
network causes a connection inrush current, transformers.
the amplitude of which may be many times the
magnitude of rated current and which may The differential relay is also provided with a
have a half-time of up to several seconds. To high-set instantaneous stage. The setting range
the differential relay this connection inrush of the high-set stage is 20…30 x In. It has been
current represents pure differential current, selected so that the relay does not operate on
and would make the relay operate almost the high-set stage until high above the highest
always when the transformer is connected to unsymmetrical connection inrush current
the network. To eliminate the effect of the levels. As the bias current goes below approx.
connection inrush current the differential relay 33 % of the differential current the setting value
is provided with a blocking function, the of the high-set stage is automatically halved,
operation of which is based on the occurrence cause under such circumstances a fault must
of a second harmonic component of the exist within the protected area. The load current
differential current. The second harmonic has no stabilizing effect on the operation of the
component in the connection inrush current high-set stage.
may vary in the range 12…100 %. The operation
of the differential relay is blocked when the In transformer protection it has previously been
second harmonic component of the current on necessary to use intermediate current trans-
one of the phases exceeds the set blocking formers in association with differential relays,
level. The blocking level is adjustable within in order to match the vector group and the sec-
the range 10…20 % of the differential current. ondary currents of the main current transform-
ers. In most cases, when using SPAD 330C,
The unintended operations caused by partial the intermediate transformers can be omitted,
saturation of the current transformers are because the matching can be made by using
prevented not only through stabilization. The the switches and the setting knobs on the front
unintended operations are also prevented in panel of the relay modules.

4
Connection
diagram P2 P1 P1 P2
L1

L2

L3
S2 S1 S1 S2

330
SPAD 330
SPAD C C

Fig. 3. Block schematic diagram of the biased differential relay SPAD 330 C.

U aux Auxiliary voltage

A, E Output relays
I RF Self-supervision
Ul Differential relay module of L1 phase SPCD 3C21
U2 Differential relay module of L2 phase SPCD 3C22
U3 Differential relay module of L3 phase SPCD 3C23
U4 Output relay module SPTR 5B4
U5 Power supply module SPGU 240A1, SPGU 48B2
U6 Input/output module SPTE 6B3

5
Connections The biased differential relay SPAD 330 C has
the following inputs and outputs.

Terminal No. Function

1-2 Phase current IL1 of the HV side (5 A)

1-3 Phase current IL1 of the HV side (1 A)
4-5 Phase current IL2 of the HV side (5 A)
4-6 Phase current IL2 of the HV side (1 A)
7-8 Phase current IL3 of the HV side (5 A)
7-9 Phase current IL3 of the HV side (1 A)
13-14 Phase current IL1 of the LV side (5 A)
13-15 Phase current IL1 of the LV side (1 A)
16-17 Phase current IL2 of the LV side (5 A)
16-18 Phase current IL2 of the LV side (1 A)
19-20 Phase current IL3 of the LV side (5 A)
19-21 Phase current IL3 of the LV side (1 A)
61-62 Auxiliary voltage supply. The positive lead of the dc supply is
to be connected to terminal 61. The auxiliary voltage range is
marked on the front panel.
63 Protective earth
65-66 CB tripping contact
68-69 CB tripping contact
73-74-75 Signalling contact
76-77-78 Signalling contact
70-71-72 Self-supervision alarm contact. Under normal service conditions
the relay is energized and the contact gap 70-72 is closed.
When a fault occurs or the auxiliary voltage is interrupted,
the contact gap 71-72 closes.

The differential relay SPAD 330 C is provided optic cables are connected to the counter
for being connected to the fibre-optic SPA data terminals Rx and Tx on the bus interface
bus. The connection is performed by using a module. The fibre-optic cables are linked from
SPA-ZC series bus interface module, which is one protection relay to the other and to the
to be attached to the 9-pole D-type subminiature control data communicator. The type desig-
connector located in the centre of the rear nations of the bus interface modules and
panel of the relay unit. The screws required are fibre-optic cables are found in the document
included in the delivery of the optional bus 34 SPA 12 EN1 “Characteristics of fibre-optic
interface module. The terminals of the fibre- cables and instructions for mounting”.

Fig. 4. Rear view of the biased differential relay SPAD 330 C.

6
Intermodular
control signals
U1
TS
Id>
BS IN

BS OUT
I2f>
ENA

SPCD3C21

U4

U2
TS
Id>
1
BS IN
A
BS OUT
I2f>
ENA SPTR5B4

SPCD3C22

U3
TS
Id>
STRÖMBERG

BS IN

BS OUT
SPAD 330 C

I2f>
ENA
SPCD3C23

Fig. 5. The control signals routed between the functional modules of the differential relay. The
second harmonic blocking signal BS OUT generated by any relay phase module also blocks the
other phase modules.

Signal In connection and block diagrams the signal English names of the signals, as follows:
abbreviations abbreviations have been derived from the

Abbreviation English equivalent

I1
I2
Id Differential current
Ib Bias (restraint) current
In Rated current
I2f 2nd harmonic or
Ihr Harmonic restraint current
TS Trip signal
BS Blocking signal
IRF Internal relay fault
ENA Enable
Rx Receiver channel
Tx Transmitter channel
R Reset
S&R Step and Reset

7
Output relay The output relay module SPTR 5B4 of the The incoming and outgoing signals of the
module biased differential relay SPAD 330 C is located output relay module are firmly related to the
together with the power supply module, behind module locations of the relay case. The output
the system front panel, which is fixed with four signals from each module location are
cross-slotted screws. The output relay module individually routed to the output relay module.
contains the output relays and the control Therefore, it is important that the relay modules
circuits of these relays. The output relay module are plugged into the relay case in the order
forms a separate, withdrawable relay module. illustrated in the figure on Page 1. This ensures
that the function of the relay corresponds to the
connection diagram of the relay unit.

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 65 66 68 69

U4
A
E

IRF

TS/U1

TS/U2 1

TS/U3

ENA
SPTR5B4

Fig. 6. Block diagram of output relay module SPTR 5B4.

8
Power supply To be able to operate the relay needs a constant converter. The primary side of the power supply
module supply of auxiliary energy. The power supply module is protected with a fuse, F1, located on
module forms the voltages required by the the PC-board of the module. The fuse size is
protection relay modules and the auxiliary relay 1 A (slow).
module. The module is located behind the
system front plate together with the output The power supply module forms the secondary
relay module. The power supply module can voltages required by the relay modules; i.e.
be withdrawn after removing the system front +24 V, ±12 V and +8 V. The output voltages
plate . ±12 V and +24 V are stabilized in the power
supply module, while the +5 V logic voltage
The power supply module is a transformer required by the relay modules is formed from
connected, i.e. galvanically isolated primary the +8 V by the stabilizers of the concerned
and secondary side, flyback-type dc/dc relay modules.

+8V Unstabilized logics

1 A slow voltage

Uaux +12V
Operation amplifier
80...265 V ac & dc voltage
-12V
18...80 V dc
Output relay coil
+24V voltage

Fig. 6. Voltage levels of the power supply module.

A green LED indicator marked Uaux on the both types have identical ratings, but the input
system front plate is illuminated when the voltage ranges vary.
power supply module is in operation. The
supervision of the voltages supplying the Insulation test voltage between primary and
electronics is placed in the relay modules. secondary side and the protective earth
Should the secondary voltage deviate from its 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min.
rated value by more than 25 %, a self-
supervision alarm will follow. An alarm is also Rated power Pn =15 W
received when the power supply module has
been removed from the relay case or when the Input voltage ranges of the auxiliary power
auxiliary power supply to the relay has been modules
interrupted. - type SPGU 240A1
Uaux = 80…265 V dc or ac
There are two versions of power supply - type SPGU 48B2
modules available. The secondary sides of Uaux = 18…80 V dc

9
B
Applications The biased differential relay SPAD 330 C used former, when the current transformers have
for the winding short-circuit and interturn fault “in-side” earthings, i.e. the current transformers
Example 1. protection of a YNd11 connected power trans- have the basic connection type I.

P2 P1 P1 P2
L1

L2

S2
.
S1 S1. S2
L3
330
SPAD 330
SPAD C C

Setting of the matching of the power transformer

Switch SG1
vector group:
1 0
2 1
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0

∑=2

10
Example 2. Biased differential relay SPAD 330 C used for have”inside and outside” earthings, i.e. the
the winding short-circuit and interturn fault current transformers have the basic connection
protection of a YNd11 connected power type II.
transformer, when the current transformers

P2 P1 P2 P1
L1

L2

L3
330 C
SPAD 330
SPAD C S2 S1 S2 S1

Setting of the matching of the power transformer

Switch SG1
vector group:
1 0
2 0
3 1
4 0
5 1
6 0

∑ = 20

11
B
Example 3. Biased differential relay SPAD 330 C used for transformer, when the current transformers
the winding short-circuit and interturn fault have “outside” earthings, i.e. the current
protection of a YNyn0 connected power transformers have the basic connection type I.

P1 P2 P2 P1
L1

L2

L3
S1 S2 S1
S2
330 CC
SPAD 330
SPAD

Setting of the matching of the power transformer

vector group: Switch SG1

With the adjacent setting the access of the 1 0

earth fault current flowing in the primary 2 1
circuit through the power transformer 3 0
neutral is prevented from entering the 4 1
energizing circuits of the differential relay. 5 0
6 0

∑ = 10

12
B
Example 4. Biased differential relay SPAD 330 C used for transformer, when the current transformers
the winding short-circuit and interturn fault have “inside” earthings, i.e. the current
protection of a Dyn11 connected power transformers have the basic connection type I.

P2 P1 P1 P2
L1

L2

L3
S2 S1 S1
330 CC
SPAD 330
SPAD S2

Setting of the matching of the power transformer

vector group: Switch SG1

1 1
2 0
3 0
4 1
5 0
6 0

∑=9

13
B
Example 5. Biased differential relay SPAD 330 C used for have “inside and outside” earthings, i.e . the
the winding short-circuit and interturn fault current transformers have the basic connection
protection of a Dyn11 connected power type II.
transformer, when the current transformers

P2 P1 P2 P1
L1

L2

L3
S2 S1 S2 S1
330 CC
SPAD 330
SPAD

Setting of the matching of the power transformer

vector group: Switch SG1

1 0
2 1
3 1
4 0
5 0
6 0

∑=6

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Technical data Energizing inputs

Rated current In 1 A/5 A

Thermal current withstand
- continuously 4 A/20 A
- for 1 s 100 A/500 A
Dynamic current withstand, half-wave value 250 A/1250 A
Input impedance < 100 mΩ/< 20 mΩ
Rated frequency fn, acc. to order 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Output contact ratings

Contact interval 65-66

68-69
Rated voltage 250 V dc or ac
Continuous carry 5A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry for 3 s 15 A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the control
circuit time constant L/R < 40 ms, at the
control voltage levels 48/110/220 V dc 5 A/3 A/1 A
Contact material AgCdO2

Alarm contacts 70-71-72, 73-74-75,

76-77-78
Rated voltage 250 V dc or ac
Continuous carry 5A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 10 A
Make and carry for 3 s 8A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the control
circuit time constant L/R < 40 ms, at the
control voltage levels 48/110/220 V dc 1 A/0.25 A/0.15 A
Contact material AgCdO2

Auxiliary power module

Power supply module

- type SPGU 240A1 80…265 V dc or ac
- type SPGU 48B2 18…80 V dc
Burden of auxiliary supply under quiescent/
operating conditions ~10 W/ ~15 W

Differential relay modules SPCD 3C21, SPCD 3C22 and SPCD 3C23

Transforming ratio matching range of the HV

side current transformer 0.5…1.0 x In
Transforming ratio matching range of the LV
side current transformer 0.5...1.0 x In

Differential stage Id>

Setting range of the basic setting p 20…50 % In

Setting range of the starting ratio s 10…50 %
2nd harmonic blocking threshold 10…20 % Id
Operating time 20…50 ms

High-set instantaneous stage Id>>

Starting current setting range 20…30 x In

Operating time 10…20 ms

15
C
 Data communication

Transmission mode Fibre-optic data bus

Data code ASCII
Selectable data transfer rates 4800 Bd or 9600 Bd
Fibre-optic interfacing module See data sheet 34 SPA 12 EN1
“Technical data and
mounting instructions for
fibre-optic cables”

Test voltages

Insulation test voltage, inputs and outputs

between themselves and to the relay frame as
per IEC 255-5 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min.
Impulse test voltage, inputs and outputs
between themselves and to the relay frame as
per IEC 255-5 5 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 J
High frequency interference test voltage, in-
puts and outputs between themselves and to
the relay frame as per IEC 255-5 2.5 kV, 1 MHz
Spark interference test voltage, inputs and
outputs between themselves and to the relay
frame as per SS 436 15 03 4…8 kV

Environmental conditions

Specified ambient service temperature range -10…+55°C

Temperature influence on the operating values
of the relay over the specified ambient ser-
vice temperature range < 0.2 %/°C
Long term damp heat withstand according to
IEC 68-2-3 < 95 %, +40°C, 56 d/a
Transport and storage temperature range -40...+70°C
Degree of protection by enclosure of the re-
lay case when panel mounted IP 54
Mass of the relay 6.0 kg

Spare parts Differential relay module for phase L1 SPCD 3C21

Differential relay module for phase L2 SPCD 3C22
Differential relay module for phase L3 SPCD 3C23
Power supply module
Uaux = 80...265 V ac or dc SPGU 240A1
Uaux = 18...80 V dc SPGU 48B2
Output relay module SPTR 5B4
Input/output module SPTE 6B3
Fibre-optic interfacing module See alternatives in data
sheet 34 SPA 12 EN1
“Technical data and
mounting instructions
for fibre-optic cables”

16
B
Ordering numbers SPAD 330 C, differential relay RS 621 001-AA, CA, DA, FA

The last two letters of the ordering number indicate the rated frequency fn
and the auxiliary voltage range Uaux of the relay as follows:

AA equals fn=50 Hz and Uaux= 80…265 V ac/dc

CA equals fn=50 Hz and Uaux= 18…80 V dc
DA equals fn=60 Hz and Uaux= 80…265 V ac/dc
FA equals fn=60 Hz and Uaux= 18…80 V dc

Information Example:
required
with order 1. Type designation and title of SPAD 330 C, biased differential relay
2. Rated frequency fn = 50 Hz
3. Ordering number RS 621 001-AA
4. Auxiliary voltage Uaux = 110 V dc
5. Accessories 2 raising frames type SPA-ZX301
2 bus interface modules SPA-ZC12 BB
2 fibre-optic cables SPA-ZF AA10
1 fibre-optic cable SPA-ZF AA5
6. Special requirements —

17