Exp 12-B-Sp 07
Exp 12-B-Sp 07
Exp 12-B-Sp 07
INTRODUCTION
In this experiment you will determine the molar mass of an unknown acid by
titration with the sodium hydroxide you prepared and standardized in experiment 12A.
Because you will be titrating an unknown acid again, you will be using many of
the concepts and methods learned in Titration Experiment. Besides, the pilot titration is
a new technique that you will learn.
When you titrate, it is important to choose the right sample size, one that
requires a volume of titrant that is less than the calibrated buret volume. In our case
that volume is 25 ml. Because each buret reading has an uncertainty associated with it,
it is desirable to make the smallest number of readings-two- for each titration so that you
minimize the error. If your sample required more than 25 ml, the buret would have to be
refilled, two additional readings would have to be made for a total of four readings and
additional uncertainty. In the Titration Experiment the sample size was chosen for you.
In this experiment you will determine the mass of unknown acid to use by carrying out a
pilot titration.
EXPERIMENT SUMMARY:
Your unknown solid is an acid. You will dissolve it in water, add some
phenolphthalein indicator and then titrate to the end point with your standard NaOH
solution. The unknown acid is monoprotic; it has only one acidic hydrogen per
molecule. Let’s use HX for its formula. The reaction between HX and NaOH is
HX (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaX (aq)+ H2O (l)
You will measure the volume of standard NaOH solution that is required to react
with an accurately measured mass of unknown acid. From these data and the mole
ratio of NaOH to unknown acid given by the equation above, you will calculate the molar
mass of the unknown acid.
PROCEDURE
A. PILOT TITRATION
1. Check out a buret from the stockroom. Clean the buret, then rinse and fill it
with your standard NaOH solution. (Don’t forget to swirl the NaOH before you use it.)
Take your initial reading and record it below; do not record data for this titration on your
report sheet.
2. Obtain an unknown acid sample from your instructor. Weigh to the nearest
0.01 g about 0.4 g of your unknown acid on a platform balance as follows:
4. Titrate the acid solution with NaOH solution, running the NaOH solution out
rapidly. There is no need to be especially careful here since you need only to know the
approximate volume required to titrate the sample. Don’t worry about overshooting the
end point a little. When you have reached the end point take your final buret reading
and record below. If you have not reached the end point but the NaOH solution level in
the buret is nearly down to the 25 ml mark, take a buret reading and then refill the buret.
Take a new initial reading and then continue titrating to the endpoint. Take another
final buret reading and record it below.
Mass of Pilot Sample Volume of NaOH for Pilot Sample
Using the sample mass and the volume of titrant used in the pilot titration, calculate the
mass of the sample that would require 15 ml of titrant. This is the sample mass you will
use in your titrations. Show a setup for your calculation below and get your lab
instructor’s approval (on your report sheet) before proceeding to part B.
Calculation:
2. Titrate each solution to the end point with the standard sodium hydroxide
solution. Record your titration data on the Report Sheet.
CALCULATIONS
A. Calculate the mass of each sample and the volume of NaOH solution required to
reach the end point.
B. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown acid using the mass of acid sample,
volume of standard NaOH solution used in the titration, molarity of the NaOH
solution(from Exp 12A) and the mole ratio of NaOH to unknown acid given by the
titration reaction.
C. Calculate the average the molar mass of your unknown acid. Your instructor will
calculate your percent error. If it is greater than 5%, you will be required to repeat the
experiment.
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CALCULATIONS
___________ g/mole
Titration #2:
Setup:
___________ g/mole
Titration #3:
Setup:
___________ g/mole
__________g/mole
__________%
(from instructor)
Precision-
Standard deviation in Molar Mass of Unknown Acid.
Setup:
___________ g/mole
Percent deviation:
Setup:
___________%
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[Use this page only if you did more than three titrations]
B. Molar Mass of unknown Acid:
Titration #4:
Setup:
___________ g/mole
Titration #5:
Setup:
___________ g/mole
Titration #6:
Setup:
___________ g/mole
__________g/mole
Accuracy-Percent Error in molar Mass of Unknown Acid
__________%
(from instructor)
Precision
Standard Deviation in Molar Mass of Unknown Acid.
Setup:
+ ________g/mole
Percent deviation
Setup:
___________ %
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QUESTIONS:
A. Please PRINT your answers to the following questions in complete sentences.
1. Why is it important to swirl the NaOH solution each time before you use it?
2. Would it be better to use an unknown acid sample of a size that should require
10.00 ml or one that would require 15.00 ml of titrant. Explain.
B. What effect on the molar mass of the unknown acid would each of the following
have-that is-would it make the calculated molar mass high, low, or would it have no
effect.
1. Adding 5 drops of phenolphthalein instead of 1 drop. 1. _________
4. Failing to rinse down the unknown acid solution from the 4.__________
inside walls of the flask near the end of the titration.
5. Placing the unknown acid in a wet container prior to weighing it. 5. ________
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C. Exercise
A student titrated a solution containing 3.7066 g of an unknown triprotic acid to the end
point using 28.94 ml of 0.3021 M KOH solution. What is the molar mass of the unknown
acid? Hint: you must write a balanced equation for the reaction.
Setup:
Answer ___________
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