FLUID MACHINERY

ME 406

Pumps
Compressors
FANS
Sample Problems
1. What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 fpm through a 2 ft by 3 ft duct under a pressure of 3 in. water
gage?
2. Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.62 m/s and a static pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct diameter
is 1.22 m, the barometric pressure is 99.4 kPa and the gauge fluid temperature and air temperature are 30°C.
What is the total pressure of air against which the fan will operate in cm of water?
3. A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct
against 30 mm.WG static pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97 kPa. What input
horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
 Solutions to
Sample Problems
Sample Problem No.1 What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 fpm
through a 2 ft by 3 ft duct under a pressure of 3 in.
water gage?

Given: Solution:
v = 20 fpm Using the equation below,
A = 2 x 3 = 6 ft
h = 3 in =γ

Where will be solved using the continuity equation, =

Also, γ and must be in terms of air,
=
Required: ℎ = ℎ
GP in Hp Thus;

=ℎ =ℎ
Sample Problem No.1 What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 fpm
through a 2 ft by 3 ft duct under a pressure of 3 in.
water gage?

Given: Solution:
v = 20 fpm Using the equation below,
A = 2 x 3 = 6 ft
h = 3 in =γ

Where will be solved using the continuity equation, =

Also, γ and must be in terms of air,
=
ℎ
Required: ℎ = ℎ → ℎ =
GP in Hp Substituting the values;

62.4 3 1
ℎ =
12
Sample Problem No.1 What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 fpm
through a 2 ft by 3 ft duct under a pressure of 3 in.
water gage?

Given: Solution:
v = 20 fpm Using the equation below,
A = 2 x 3 = 6 ft
h = 3 in =γ

Where will be solved using the continuity equation, =

Also, γ and must be in terms of air,
=
ℎ
Required: ℎ = ℎ → ℎ =
GP in Hp Substituting the values;

62.4 3 15.6
2 1
ℎ = ℎ =
12
Sample Problem No.1 What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 fpm
through a 2 ft by 3 ft duct under a pressure of 3 in.
water gage?

Given: Solution:
v = 20 fpm Using the equation below,
A = 2 x 3 = 6 ft
h = 3 in =γ
15.6
= ℎ ℎ =
Substituting the values;

Required: 15.6 1
= 6 20 −
GP in Hp 33,000
Sample Problem No.1 What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 fpm
through a 2 ft by 3 ft duct under a pressure of 3 in.
water gage?

Given: Solution:
v = 20 fpm Using the equation below,
A = 2 x 3 = 6 ft
h = 3 in =γ
15.6
= ℎ ℎ =
Substituting the values;

Required: 15.6 1
= 6 20 −
GP in Hp 33,000

= .
Sample Problem No.2 Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.62 m/s and a static
pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct diameter is 1.22 m, the
barometric pressure is 99.4 kPa and the gauge fluid temperature
and air temperature are 30°C. What is the total pressure of air
against which the fan will operate in cm of water?
Given:
Solution:
v = 7.62 m/s
For the total fan head,
h = 2.16 cm. WG
D = 1.22 m =ℎ +ℎ

P = 99.4 kPa Total fan head must be in terms of cm.WG as a requirement unit of the
t = 30°C problem. ℎ is already in cm.WG. So, we need to solve for the velocity
head
Required: (7.62)
ℎ = ℎ =
H in cm.WG 2 2 9.8066
Sample Problem No.2 Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.62 m/s and a static
pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct diameter is 1.22 m, the
barometric pressure is 99.4 kPa and the gauge fluid temperature
and air temperature are 30°C. What is the total pressure of air
against which the fan will operate in cm of water?
Given:
Solution:
v = 7.62 m/s
For the total fan head,
h = 2.16 cm. WG
D = 1.22 m =ℎ +ℎ

P = 99.4 kPa Total fan head must be in terms of cm.WG as a requirement unit of the
t = 30°C problem. ℎ is already in cm.WG. So, we need to solve for the velocity
head
Required: (7.62)
ℎ = ℎ = ℎ = 2.9605
H in cm.WG 2 2 9.8066

Note: when using the velocity head equation, unit is always in terms of
air.
Sample Problem No.2 Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.62 m/s and a static
pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct diameter is 1.22 m, the
barometric pressure is 99.4 kPa and the gauge fluid temperature
and air temperature are 30°C. What is the total pressure of air
against which the fan will operate in cm of water?
Given:
Solution:
v = 7.62 m/s
For the total fan head,
h = 2.16 cm. WG
D = 1.22 m =ℎ +ℎ

P = 99.4 kPa Since ℎ is in meters of air, we will convert it to cm.WG

t = 30°C ℎ = ℎ

Solving for the density of air using the given conditions;

Required:
H in cm.WG 99.4
= =
−
0.28708 30 + 273
−
Sample Problem No.2 Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.62 m/s and a static
pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct diameter is 1.22 m, the
barometric pressure is 99.4 kPa and the gauge fluid temperature
and air temperature are 30°C. What is the total pressure of air
against which the fan will operate in cm of water?
Given:
Solution:
v = 7.62 m/s
For the total fan head,
h = 2.16 cm. WG
D = 1.22 m =ℎ +ℎ

P = 99.4 kPa Since ℎ is in meters of air, we will convert it to cm.WG

t = 30°C ℎ = ℎ

Solving for the density of air using the given conditions;

Required:
H in cm.WG 99.4
= = = 1.1427
−
0.28708 30 + 273
−
Sample Problem No.2 Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.62 m/s and a static
pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct diameter is 1.22 m, the
barometric pressure is 99.4 kPa and the gauge fluid temperature
and air temperature are 30°C. What is the total pressure of air
against which the fan will operate in cm of water?
Given:
Solution:
v = 7.62 m/s
For the total fan head,
h = 2.16 cm. WG
D = 1.22 m =ℎ +ℎ

P = 99.4 kPa Since ℎ is in meters of air, we will convert it to cm.WG = 1.1427

ℎ
t = 30°C ℎ = ℎ → ℎ = ℎ = ℎ = 2.9605

Required:
H in cm.WG 1.1427 (296.05 )
ℎ = ℎ = 0.338296 =ℎ
1000
Sample Problem No.2 Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.62 m/s and a static
pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct diameter is 1.22 m, the
barometric pressure is 99.4 kPa and the gauge fluid temperature
and air temperature are 30°C. What is the total pressure of air
against which the fan will operate in cm of water?
Given:
Solution:
v = 7.62 m/s
For the total fan head,
h = 2.16 cm. WG
D = 1.22 m =ℎ +ℎ ℎ = 0.338296 =ℎ

P = 99.4 kPa
t = 30°C = 0.338296 + 2.16 .

Required: = . .
H in cm.WG
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for GP,
P = 97 kPa
=γ =ℎ +ℎ
e = 44.3%
Using continuity equation to solve for velocity;

Required: 750 1
= = =
BP in Hp 1.22 (0.91 ) 60
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for GP,
P = 97 kPa
=γ =ℎ +ℎ
e = 44.3%
Using continuity equation to solve for velocity;

Required: 750 1
= = =
BP in Hp 1.22 (0.91 ) 60

= 11.2592
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for GP,
P = 97 kPa
=γ =ℎ +ℎ
e = 44.3%
For velocity head;
= 11.2592
Required: (11.2592)
ℎ = ℎ = ℎ = 6.4635
BP in Hp 2 2 9.8066
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for GP,
P = 97 kPa
=γ =ℎ +ℎ
e = 44.3%
Since the static pressure head is given, we just need to convert the unit in
terms of air;
ℎ
Required: ℎ = ℎ → ℎ =
BP in Hp
We will be using the given conditions to determine the density of air and
water
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Density of water using the given specific volume,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG 1 1
= = = 995.8572
t = 21°C 0.00100416
P = 97 kPa
Density of air using the given air conditions,
e = 44.3%
97
= = = 1.1493
Required: −
0.28708 21 + 273
−
BP in Hp
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for GP,
P = 97 kPa
=γ =ℎ +ℎ
e = 44.3%
Since the static pressure head is given, we just need to convert the unit in
terms of air;
ℎ = 1.1493
Required: ℎ = ℎ → ℎ =
BP in Hp 995.8572 (0.03 )
=ℎ = 995.8572
ℎ = ℎ = 25.9947
1.1493
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for GP,
P = 97 kPa
=γ =ℎ +ℎ
e = 44.3%
= ℎ +ℎ
= 1.1493
Required: where,
1.1493 9.8066
BP in Hp = = 0.011271
= −
1000
−
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for GP,
P = 97 kPa
=γ =ℎ +ℎ
e = 44.3%
= ℎ +ℎ ℎ = 6.4635

Required: Substituting the given values, ℎ = 25.9947 =ℎ

BP in Hp
= 0.011271 750 6.4635 + 25.9947 = 0.011271
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for GP,
P = 97 kPa
=γ =ℎ +ℎ
e = 44.3%
= ℎ +ℎ

Required: Substituting the given values,

BP in Hp 1 1
= 0.011271 750 6.4635 + 25.9947
60 −
0.746
= 6.13
 A ventilation system includes a fan of 750 m per minute. A capacity
Sample Problem No.3 discharging thru a 122 cm x 91 cm air duct against 30 mm.WG static
pressure. Air temperature is at 21°C and the barometer pressure is 97
kPa. What input horsepower will be required to give fan an efficiency
of 44.3%? Specific volume of water is 1.00416x10 m /kg
Given:
Solution:
Q = 750 m /min
Using total fan efficiency equation,
A = 122 cm x 91 cm
h = 30 mm. WG = ℎ ℎ . , =
t = 21°C
Solving for power input,
P = 97 kPa
e = 44.3% = 6.13
=

Required: 6.13
= = . BP = 13.8375 Hp
BP in Hp 0.443