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    Timber Floors

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    Gaurav Chavan
    There are several types of timber floors used in construction based on the span and expected loads. The simplest type is a single joist floor used for residential buildings up to 4 meters in span, consisting of wooden joists spaced 30-40cm apart supported by wall plates. Double joist floors are stronger and used for spans from 3.5-7.5 meters, with intermediate wooden supports called binders. Framed or triple joist floors are for spans over 7.5 meters and include girders to support the binders in addition to joists and boards. Timber floors can also be constructed on the ground floor by adding sleeper walls and wall-plates to reduce joist spans.

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    Timber Floors

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Chavan
    42 views7 pages
    There are several types of timber floors used in construction based on the span and expected loads. The simplest type is a single joist floor used for residential buildings up to 4 meters in span, consisting of wooden joists spaced 30-40cm apart supported by wall plates. Double joist floors are stronger and used for spans from 3.5-7.5 meters, with intermediate wooden supports called binders. Framed or triple joist floors are for spans over 7.5 meters and include girders to support the binders in addition to joists and boards. Timber floors can also be constructed on the ground floor by adding sleeper walls and wall-plates to reduce joist spans.

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    There are several types of timber floors used in construction based on the span and expected loads. The simplest type is a single joist floor used for residential buildings up to 4 meters in span, consisting of wooden joists spaced 30-40cm apart supported by wall plates. Double joist floors are stronger and used for spans from 3.5-7.5 meters, with intermediate wooden supports called binders. Framed or triple joist floors are for spans over 7.5 meters and include girders to support the binders in addition to joists and boards. Timber floors can also be constructed on the ground floor by adding sleeper walls and wall-plates to reduce joist spans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views7 pages

    Timber Floors

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Chavan
    There are several types of timber floors used in construction based on the span and expected loads. The simplest type is a single joist floor used for residential buildings up to 4 meters in span, consisting of wooden joists spaced 30-40cm apart supported by wall plates. Double joist floors are stronger and used for spans from 3.5-7.5 meters, with intermediate wooden supports called binders. Framed or triple joist floors are for spans over 7.5 meters and include girders to support the binders in addition to joists and boards. Timber floors can also be constructed on the ground floor by adding sleeper walls and wall-plates to reduce joist spans.

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    of 7

    Floors are broadly classified into following types:

    1. Timber floors.
    2. Timber floors supported on rolled steel joists.
    3. Flag stone floors resting on steel joists.
    4. Jack arch floors.
    5. Reinforced cement concrete floors.
    6. Ribbed floors.
    7. Precast concrete floors.

    Timber Floors

    Timber floors, though quite light in weight, have poor fire resistance and sound insulation
    properties. They are quite costly, except at those locations where local timber is cheaply available.
    It is also highly vulnerable to termite attack.

    Timber floors are basically of three types:

    1. Single joist timber floors.


    2. Double joists timber floors.
    3. Framed or triple joists timber floors.

    1. Single joist timber floors


    This is the simplest type of timber floor used for residential buildings, where spans are short or
    moderate (say up to 4 m) and loads are comparatively lighter. The floor consists of wooden joists
    (also called bridging joists) spaced 30 to 40 cm apart and supported on end walls, over which
    timber planking or boarding is fixed. The width of joists are kept 5 to 8 cm wide. The depth of the
    joists is determined from the thumb rule:

    Depth (cm) = (4 x span in meters) + 5 cm.

    The joists are supported on wall plates 10 x 7 cm to 12 x 7 cm in size, at the end walls. A space of
    about 5 cm is kept at the ends for air circulation. When the span exceeds 2.5 m, it becomes
    essential to strengthen the timber joists by providing herringbone strutting at the mid – span, by
    means of inclined pieces of timber of size 5 x 3 cm to 5 x 5 cm. End wedges are provided between
    the wall and joist.

    The end of the joists are nailed, cogged or notched to the wall plates. If the joists of adjacent rooms
    run in the same direction, they may be overlapped and nailed to each other. Planking consists of
    wooden boards of 4 cm thick and 10 to 15 cm width, which are fixed to the bridging joists.
    2. Double Joists Timber Flooring
    This type of flooring is stronger, and is used for spans between 3.5 to 7.5 metres. The bridging
    joists are supported on intermediate wooden supports, called binders. Thus, the loads of bridging
    joists are first transferred to the binders and through them to the end walls in the form of highly
    concentrated loads. This is a disadvantage of this type of flooring. Also, the overall depth of the
    flooring is increased.

    Because of intermediate supports, the bridging joists are of smaller sections, and are spaced at 30
    cm centers. The spacing of binders is kept 2 to 3.5 m, and they rest on stone or wooden bearing
    templates which are not less than 0.75 to 2.5 m in length. In order to reduce the overall depth of
    the floor, bridging joists are cogged to the binders, with depth of sinking equal to 113 rd depth of
    bridging girders and bearing not less than 2.5 cm. Alternatively , the ends of the bridging girders
    are cut, and they are joined with the help of fillers provided along the two sides of the binder.
    3. Framed Or Triple Joists Timber Floor
    This type of floor is suitable for spans greater than 7.50 m, in which intermediate supports, known
    as girders, are provided for the binders. There are four elements of flooring. (i) floor boards, (ii)
    bridging joists, (iii) binders, and (iv) girders. The bridging joists support the floor boards. The
    binders are staggered and connected to girders by tusk and tenon joints, to increase the rigidity of
    the floor and to decrease the overall depth of floor.
    4. Basement or ground floor of timber
    In auditoriums, to carry out dances or dramas, the timber floors are constructed on the ground
    floor. The details of construction of such floors are shown below. The sleeper walls which may be
    of one-half brick or one brick thickness are constructed at center to center distance of 1.20 m to
    1.80 m. The wall-plates are provided along the wall as well as along the sleeper walls and they
    reduce the span of the bridging joists and serve as end supports for the bridging joists. On
    wall-plates rest the ends of the bridging joists which are usually provided at a center to center
    distance of about 300 mm. Finally, the floor boards are provided to finish up the floor.

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