CHAPTER 1 and 2 Revised
CHAPTER 1 and 2 Revised
CHAPTER 1 and 2 Revised
By
Arca, Jessilyn D.
Manaog, Aira E.
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURIAL, AND ACCOUNTANCY
DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER I
Introduction
are all allowed and implemented with the help of policies that are also provided to
create the operational procedures. Schools would be unable to meet the needs
of the students without them because they lack the organizational structure and
organized and productive environment, as well as, to prevent the chaos that will
lead to the students feeling unsafe inside the school. An organized, productive,
and safe environment will not only benefit the school members but also the
school's reputation. The policies made by the school will reflect the environment
inside the school that will affect the academic performance of the students.
areas. Teachers typically make use the rate of graduates, the overall
students' achievement.
The environment that the school provides to the students makes it easier
to distinguish from any other place. There is a separate gate for the entrance and
exit, the student knows where to go and what to do, and the school environment
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DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
is organized and productive at the same time. Everyone's having fun and going
home safe and sound. Everyone knows how important it is to maintain such an
environment for both the facilitator and the students to have a more engaging
performance suffers as a result of the lack of these amenities, and the education
result, intellectual ruin or decay appears and devastates the entire educational
system. The amenities stated in this previous study include teacher support,
the environment created by the school policies and the effects aforementioned
The general purpose of the study is to reveal the effects of the school
a comprehensive understanding of what are the effects and how the school
policy affects the academic performance of the students. This study is intended
for office administrative students who are at the stage of learning administrative
qualities that are accustossmed to the course they chose. The administrative
Furthermore, this study will contribute great significance to the rest of the
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students’ whatever course they belong to, as well as, the other members of the
school.
Theoretical Framework
This study uses the Regulatory Focus Theory of Tory Higgins in 1997,
Theory of the Regulatory Focus is divided into two systems: the promotion and
the prevention system. Fostering hope and aspiration is a primary goal for those
who use a promotion-focused system. On the other hand, pursuing safety and
expected in the current study that perceptions of functional strategies could vary
depending on different regulatory focus. The reward for learning may vary
engagement for those with a promotion focus. They might make learning easier.
how they are progressing toward academic performance (Yan & Yang, 2021).
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DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
In this study, the application of the theory namely the students who are
with a positive attitude since they would feel as though they have achieved
something by doing so. Their desire to achieve something would most likely drive
them to consistently provide their best effort, which would affect their academic
the rules set forth by the school in order to prevent violations. They strive to avoid
of School Policy on the students. It shows the two systems: promotion focus, and
Administration students.
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Conceptual Framework
terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
Administration and
survey
2. Effects of school policy on
questionnaire.
the academic performance of
`
Action Plan
Office Administration Students
in terms of:
Collection of survey
answers.
2.2 Prevention Focus
terms of:
Feedback
that discuss the various steps needed and instruct the researchers to develop a
The input consists of the profile of the respondents in terms of name, age,
sex, year level, and campus. Next, the effects of school policy on the academic
prevention focus. The last input pertains to the effects of school policy on the
data. Through these instruments, the foreseen output of this study is the creation
of new action plan to intensify the compliance of school policy that will affect the
The study seeks to determine the effects of the school policy on the
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
2. What are the respondents’ assessments on the effects of school policy on the
3. How can the school policy affects the academic performance of the Office
3.4 ID Requirements
4. What is the significant relationship between the school policy to the academic
Hypothesis
Based on the main problem of study, the researchers will test the
according to profile.
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DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
qualities.
The University will benefit from this study since it will be of help in
improving school policy for they can provide students with an effective and
productive environment.
Professors will benefit from this study since they can modify classroom
the effects of the school policy on the academic performance of the students,
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of school policy and
its relation to the students' academic performance. In terms of the school policy,
the policies under Student Conduct and Discipline are supposed to be the main
focus, along with how these policies' implementation and the environment they
The scope of the study will be limited to the 3rd year office administration
utilized for conducting the survey online. The survey will be disseminated through
the use of social media platforms. The participants will be chosen randomly.
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DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
Definition of Terms
a variety of academic courses that are being affected by the school policy.
Discipline is a skill that the students may improve by adhering to the school
Environment refers to the setting created by school policy, which takes effect on
Office Administration Students are those who are enrolled in the Bachelor of
incorporates the desire to make gains with an emphasis on goals and ideals and
Regulatory Focus Theory is the theory used to support this study, which
teaching and learning, expectations, and accountability that affect the students'
academic performance.
Self-discipline means the ability of the students to control themselves and carry
theories, concepts, and principles that are significant to the research being
School Policy
(2019 ed.), it is a formal statement of the rules and regulations of the university
as well as the anticipated behavioral standards for all students. It includes part II
policy, ID requirement, proper uniform & dress code, and code of conduct will be
and friendly school environment. Local school policy must consider the
distinctive, diverse, and dynamic social communities that make up each school
(Asensi, 2019). The degree of conformity to the enforced school policies can be
utilized to determine how well-managed a school is, and this can be done with
emphasize that they are employed to develop outcomes that can adapt to the
social context and impart knowledge. Schools must respond to questions about
institutions and systems towards high standards, solve all issues affecting the
well-being and rights of young learners, and enhance other school operations.
Attendance Policy
regularly is an essential basic ability, and studies have shown that absences from
school can have both short- and long-term adverse consequences. Proper
intermittent attendance, and poor attendance adversely affects results in the long
run. Moreover, Zubrick (2019) substantiated that poor attendance and a higher
too frequently include forfeiting course credits, detention, and suspension, and
these sanctions may unintentionally make the situation worse. Students are
deprived of the chance to learn under the school policy by any absence, whether
or not it is excused.
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ID Requirement
Statistics (2022) stated that schools employ a range of adheres and procedures
to ensure the safety of students, teachers, and staff. For instance, schools
control entry to the facilities and require students to wear badges or IDs. Using a
the safety and security of all students should be a top priority every day at every
school. Wearing identity cards is currently the "best utilized" for ensuring safety
at school.
impacts, while others assert there are none or only apparent effects. However,
Kashem (2019) stressed that the dress code is more than just what people wear;
the dress code impacts how people perceive you, regardless of whether you're
Additionally, research has shown that school administrators often think that
mandated, strictly enforced clothing rules are suitable for students for several
reasons, including lowering the risk of sexual harassment and other forms of
Code of Conduct
ethically and expert guidance rules, regulations, and practices" while raising
requirements as well as interventions and sanctions that can address any issue
Academic Performance
within the students themselves, the school environment, and even the lecturers.
There should be a reason for everything; therefore, it should be more than just
highest priority in every educational setting. While many elements that affect
students' academic success have been explored, many issues still exist.
that the regulatory focus hypothesis suggests two distinct types of self-regulatory
styles: promotion focus and prevention focus. Aspiration and hope are what
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DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
people who prioritize promotion focus seek. On the contrary, those who place a
strong emphasis on preventive focus strive for responsibility and safety. In the
notion of adhering to school policies, students can employ either the promotion
focus approach or the prevention focus method. Policies are crucial as they help
to design model operating procedures, establish high standards for learning and
school's ability to help instructors and students grasp the expectations for
developed policies and procedures (Ulla, 2018). Students may obey the rules
avoid punishments.
will cooperate and that their discipline will improve by adhering to school rules.
Students who are aware of the consequences of their behavior, both inside and
school policy would help students become more disciplined and cooperative,
Promotion Focus
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As stated by Vriend et al., (2023), the main objective of promotion focuses
intent to achieve ideals through gain and advancement and further promote the
drive to encourage a person to achieve their goal. Each aspect of life and all
phases of undertaking rely upon motivation. Motivation will influence success and
motivation, motivation is also known as the "heart of learning," the "golden road
effort are encouraged by adequate motivation (Borah, 2021). Not only the
students but all the other members of the university who assist with the policy
drive that will encourage them to assist and act in accordance with the school
positive outcomes.
Eager Strategy
gains and innovation, avoidance or status quo (Yasuda & Goegan, 2023). The
decision to attend class and how well a student performs on exams may depend
on unobservable student traits like motivation leading to higher grades and more
also stated that attendance reflects the dedication of students to growth and
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURIAL, AND ACCOUNTANCY
DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
development. The more dedicated the students in attending school, the more
achievement they will achieve. That is supported by Vizoso, Rodriguez, & Aria-
Gundin, (2018) who stated that dedication is one of the academic engagement
stated that being valued, included, and acknowledged at school fosters a strong
sense of belonging. The study also included that college students who feel more
performance and lower the possibility that they may think about quitting school
Prevention Focus
that leads to the perceived importance of avoidance strategy (Yasoda & Goegan,
2019). Similarly, in school settings, students being vigilant in nature will avoid
uncertain and dangerous situations and will thrive in opportunities with safe
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surroundings. Thus, acting in accordance with the school policy will make them
Vigilant Strategy
Vigilant nature means free from any negative consequences that can
affect the academic performance of the student. However, being cautious is not
the only characteristic of a vigilant student but also self-discipline. Yasuda &
Damrongpanit (2019), who indicated that the person's key core skills for self-
people, it may result in a unified society and rapid social growth. Also, students'
lives have improved in numerous ways thanks to their ability to maintain self-
Synthesis
Related literature and studies have been gathered to support this research
study. The school policy provides the regulations that are for the operational
procedures of the school, and for the betterment of the students as it includes
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DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
regulations for student discipline. There are four sub-factors under the student
uniform and dress code, and the code of conduct. All of the aforementioned sub-
sense of security in the school premises. With the students being disciplined and
feeling safe from harm and distractions, a positive learning atmosphere can be
performance.
The students are expected to act according to the school policy. Students
can apply either of the two types of regulatory focus theory—promotion focus, or
preventive focus—as a strategy for adhering to the school policy. Students who
use a promotion-focused approach may abide by the school policy because they
are motivated to achieve their goals and are anticipating something in return.
may act in accordance with the school policy as they view it as an obligation and
these traits can improve their academic performance. It may result in greater