SENIOR

Precalculus HIGH
SCHOOL

Ellipses: Module
3
Center at (0,0) Quarter 1
Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Ellipses: Center at (0,0)
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Emma G. Gonzalvo
Editors: Nenet M. Peñaranda
Reviewers: Erwin C. Lugtu, Raffy D. Maga, Annie Ascotia, Ron Robert Pecaña, and
Rosallio P. Oriarte Jr.
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso, Ed. D.
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña, Ed. D.
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
OIC – Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon, Ed. D. (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde, Ed. D. (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D. (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D. (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos, Ph. D. (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D. (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines, Department of Education – National Capital Region Division

of Pasig City
 SENIOR
Precalculus HIGH
SCHOOL

Module

3
Quarter 1

Ellipses:
Center at (0,0)
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Precalculus (Senior High School) Module 3 on Ellipses: Center at

(0,0)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Precalculus (Senior High School) Module 3 on Ellipses: Center at
(0,0)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module
 EXPECTATIONS

Lesson: ELLIPSES: Center at (0,0)

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. define an ellipse; and,

2. graph an ellipse given an equation in standard form with center at
(0, 0).

PRETEST

Directions: Give the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is the standard equation of an ellipse with a

horizontal major axis, center at (0,0)?
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
a. + 𝑏2 = 1, 𝑎 > 0 c. + = 1, 𝑎 > 0
𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑏2

𝑦2 𝑥2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
b. 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1, 𝑎 > 0 d. 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2
= 1, 𝑎 > 0

2. It is one of the conic sections whose set of all points on the plane, the
sum of whose distances from two fixed points is a constant.
a. Circle b. Ellipse c. Line d. Parabola
𝑥2 𝑦2
3. In the equation
36
+ 25 = 1, which of the following is the value of 𝑎2 ?

a. 6 b. 9 c. 36 d. 81
4. Which of the following is the standard equation of an ellipse with
a vertical major axis, center at (0,0)?
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
a. 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 = 1, 𝑎 > 0 c. 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2
= 1, 𝑎 > 0
 𝑦2 𝑥2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
b. + = 1, 𝑎 > 0 d. + = 1, 𝑎 > 0
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2

5. Determine the equation of an ellipse which satisfies the given

conditions, 𝑎2 = 36, 𝑏 2 = 4, center at point of origin, major axis is
vertical.
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
a. 6
+ 2
=1 b. 2
+ 6
=1 c.36 + 4
=1 d. 4
+ 36 = 1

RECAP
In your previous lesson, you learned the four cases of the
standard equation of a parabola with vertex at (h, k).

When the parabola opens upward, the vertex form is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 =

𝟒𝒄(𝒚 − 𝒌) and when it is opens downward, the vertex form is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 =
−𝟒𝒄(𝒚 − 𝒌) . If the parabola opens to the right, this time the vertex form is
(𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄(𝒙 − 𝒉), here the role of x and y interchange. And when the
parabola opens to the left, the vertex form is (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = −𝟒𝒄(𝒙 − 𝒉).

LESSON
Why
study Ellipses?
One of the questions that comes into your mind is “why is there a
need to study ellipses?”. Do you have any idea about the shape of an ellipse?
Shown below is an image representing the shape of an ellipse.

An image is a bridge with elliptical arch. Many buildings and bridges

use the ellipse as a pleasing shape and make it strong.

Photo from https://www.pexels.com/photo/train-with-smoke-507410/

 Just like parabolas , ellipses have reflective properties that have been
used in the construction of certain structures. That is one of the many uses
of an ellipse.

Definition of an Ellipse

An ellipse is the set of all points on the plane , the sum of whose distances
from two fixed points is a constant.
Look at the figure on the right, the fixed
points referred to in the definition are
the foci of the ellipse denoted by 𝐹1 (−𝑐, 0)
and 𝐹2 (𝑐, 0). The sum of the distances from
𝐹1 to point P and from 𝐹2 to point P is equal
to 𝟐𝒂 for some real number 𝒂.

Standard Equation of an Ellipse

The standard equation for an ellipse with a horizontal major axis is

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
given by 𝟐
+ = 𝟏, 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂 > 𝒃 . Let 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏2 .
𝒂 𝒃𝟐

Features of the graph of an ellipse:

 center: point of origin (0,0)

 foci: 𝐹1 (−𝑐, 0) & 𝐹2 (𝑐, 0)
 each focus is c units away from
the center
 vertices : 𝑉1 (−𝑎, 0) & 𝑉2 (𝑎, 0)
 these are the endpoints of the major axis
 each vertex is 𝒂 units away from the center
 length of the major axis is 𝟐𝒂
 covertices: 𝑊1 (0, −𝑏) & 𝑊2 (0, 𝑏)
 these are the endpoints of the minor axis
 each covertex is 𝑏 units away from the center
 length of the minor axis is 𝟐𝒃
 Since 𝑎 > 𝑏, the major axis is longer then the minor axis.
If we interchange the roles of x and y in the equation

𝒙 𝟐 𝒚𝟐
+ = 𝟏, 𝒂>𝒃
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
the equation becomes
𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝟐
+ = 𝟏, 𝒂>𝒃 .
𝒂 𝒃𝟐
The standard equation for an ellipse with a vertical major axis.

Features of the graph of an ellipse:

 center: point of origin (0,0)

 foci: 𝐹1 (0, 𝑐) & 𝐹2 (0, −𝑐)
 each focus is c units away from
the center
 vertices : 𝑉1 (0, 𝑎) & 𝑉2 (0, −𝑎)
 these are the endpoints of the major axis
 each vertex is 𝒂 units away from the center
 length of the major axis is 𝟐𝒂
 covertices: 𝑊1 (−𝑏, 0) & 𝑊2 (𝑏, 0)
 these are the endpoints of the minor axis
 each covertex is 𝑏 units away from the center
 length of the minor axis is 𝟐𝒃

Give the coordinates of the foci, vertices, and covertices of the ellipse with
the given equation. Sketch the graph.
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. + =1
25 9
The major axis of the given equation is horizontal since the denominator of
𝑥 2 is 25 which is bigger than the denominator of 𝑦 2 .

Solution: Find first the values of a, b, & c.

𝑎2 = 25 , take the square root of both sides
𝑎=5
𝑏 2 = 9, take the square root of both sides
𝑏=3

To find c, let 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .

𝑐 = √25 − 9
𝑐 = √16 → 𝑐 = 4
 Center: C (0,0)
 Foci: 𝐹1 (−𝑐, 0) & 𝐹2 (𝑐, 0)
𝐹1 (−4, 0) & 𝐹2 (4, 0)
 Vertices: 𝑉1 (−𝑎, 0) & 𝑉2 (𝑎, 0)
𝑉1 (−5,0) & 𝑉2 (5,0)
 Covertices: 𝑊1 (0, 𝑏) & 𝑊2 (0, −𝑏)
𝑊1 (0,3) & 𝑊2 (0, −3)
 𝑥2 𝑦2
2. + =1
16 25

The major axis of the given equation is vertical since

the denominator of 𝑦 2 is 25 which is bigger than the denominator of 𝑥 2 .

Solution: Find first the values of a, b, & c.

𝑎2 = 25 , take the square root of both sides

𝑎=5
𝑏 2 = 16, take the square root of both sides
𝑏=4

To find c, let 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .

𝑐 = √25 − 16
𝑐 = √9 → 𝑐 = 3
 Center: C (0,0)
 Foci: 𝐹1 (0, 𝑐) & 𝐹2 (0, −𝑐)
𝐹1 (0,3) & 𝐹2 (0, −3)
 Vertices: 𝑉1 (0, 𝑎) & 𝑉2 (0, −𝑎)
𝑉1 (0,5) & 𝑉2 (0, −5)
 Covertices: 𝑊1 (−𝑏, 0) & 𝑊2 (𝑏, 0)
𝑊1 (−4,0) & 𝑊2 (4,0)

Find the standard equation of Ellipse satisfying the given conditions, center
at (0,0):

1. Foci at (±2,0); one vertex at (4,0)

Solution:

Since the given foci and vertex are located on the x-axis, we can
conclude that the major axis is horizontal, so the standard equation is in
𝑥2 𝑦2
the form of 2
+ 𝑏2 = 1. The foci at (±2,0), we can find the values of 𝑐 =
𝑎
±2. Given the vertex at (4,0), so 𝑎 = 4, and 𝑎2 = 16. We need to find the
value of 𝑏 2 .

Let 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
2 = √16 − 𝑏 2, squaring both sides
22 = (√16 − 𝑏 2 )2 → 4 = 16 − 𝑏 2
 𝑏 2 = 16 − 4
𝑏 2 = 12

The standard equation of an ellipse satisfying the given condition is

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
+ = 𝟏.
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟐

2. Vertices (0, ±5); minor axis of length 6

Solution:

The given vertices are located on the y-axis which means that the
major axis is vertical so the standard equation of an ellipse is in the
𝑦2 𝑥2
form of + = 1. Given the value of 𝑎 = 5, so 𝑎2 = 25. The length
𝑎2 𝑏2
of the minor axis is 2𝑏, therefore, 2𝑏 = 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑏 = 3. You can find now
𝑏 2 = 9.

The standard equation of an ellipse satisfying the given conditions is

𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
+ = 𝟏.
𝟐𝟓 𝟗

ACTIVITIES

Activity A. Complete the table below. Identify if the major axis of an ellipse
is horizontal or vertical. Find the value of 𝑎2 & 𝑏 2 .

Equation Major axis 𝑎2 𝑏2

𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
25 16
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
9 16
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
20 25
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
9 25
 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
36 49

𝑥2 𝑦2
Activity B. Graph the given equation + = 1 in a rectangular coordinate
36 25
system and complete the table.

Find the values of the following: 𝒂 = _____ 𝒃 = _____ 𝒄 = _____

Center:
Foci: (𝒄, 0)&(−𝒄, 0)
Vertices: (𝑎, 0)&(−𝑎, 0)
Covertices: (0, 𝑏)&(0, −𝑏)
Length of minor axis: 2b
Length of major axis: 2a
Length of foci: 2c

WRAP UP
ELLIPSE WITH CENTER AT (0,0)

Corresponding Graphs
 𝒙 𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙 𝟐
+ =𝟏 + =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

Let 𝒄 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 Let 𝒄 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐

Center: (0,0) Center: (0,0)

Foci: (𝑐, 0)&(−𝑐, 0) Foci: (0, 𝑐)&(0, −𝑐)

Vertices: (𝑎, 0)&(−𝑎, 0) Vertices: (0, 𝑎)&(0, −𝑎)

Covertices: (0, 𝑏)&(0, −𝑏) Covertices: (𝑏, 0)&(−𝑏, 0)

Length of minor axis: 2b Length of minor axis: 2b

Length of major axis: 2a Length of major axis: 2a

Length of foci: 2c Length of foci: 2c

Major axis: horizontal Major axis: vertical

VALUING

In Mathematics, ellipse is one of the four conic sections formed by

slicing a cone with a plane. The others are the parabola, the circle, and the
hyperbola. The ellipse is vitally important in astronomy as celestial objects
in periodic orbits around other celestial objects all trace out ellipses.

In our lesson, you learned that in order to trace the ellipse, you need
to identify all its properties given some conditions. In our life, we wish for
many things that we don’t really need. Therefore, we should set our goals
clearly and prioritize needs over wants in order to see a clear path ahead of
us just like the points needed in order to trace an ellipse.

POSTTEST
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the standard equation of an ellipse with a

horizontal major axis, center at (0,0)?

𝑦2 𝑥2 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
a. 𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 = 1, 𝑎 > 0 c. 𝑏2
+ 𝑎2
= 1, 𝑎 > 0

𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
2 +
b. = 1, 𝑎 > 0 d. + = 1, 𝑎 > 0
𝑎 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2

2. It is a set of all points on the plane, the sum of whose distances from two
fixed points is a constant.
a. Circle b. Ellipse c. Line d. Parabola
𝑥2 𝑦2
3. In the equation
36
+ 25 = 1, which of the following is the value of 𝑏 2 ?
a. 6 b. 9 c. 36 d. 81

4. Which of the following is the standard equation of an ellipse with

a major axis at (0,±3), minor axis at (±2,0) with center at (0,0)?
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑦2
a. 3
+ 2
=1 b. 9
+ 4
=1 c. 6
+ 4
=1 d. 9
+ 4
=1

5. Determine the equation of an ellipse which satisfies the given conditions,

𝑎2 = 16, 𝑏 2 = 4, center at point of origin, major axis is vertical.
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
a. + =1 b. + =1 c.16 + =1 d. + 16 = 1
4 2 2 4 4 4

B. Find the standard equation of an ellipse satisfying the given conditions. Sketch
the graph.
1. Foci at (±4,0); one vertex at (5,0)
2. Vertices (0, ±6); minor axis of length 8

KEY TO CORRECTION
PRE-TEST ANSWER KEY

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. D
 36 49
+ =1
36 49 vertical 𝑥 2 𝑦2

9 25
+ =1
9 25 vertical 𝑥 2 𝑦2

20 25
+ =1
𝑥 2 𝑦2

9 16
20 25 vertical

+ =1
9 16 vertical 𝑥 2 𝑦2

25 16
+ =1
16 25 horizontal 𝑥 2 𝑦2

𝑏2 𝑎2 Major axis Equation

ACTIVITY A

REFERENCES

BOOK

Cuaresma, Genaro A. et al. 2004. Analytic Geometry and Calculus 1: A

Worktext for Math 26. Los Baños, Laguna: Institute of Mathematical
Sciences and Physics, University of the Philippines.

Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2016. Precalculus

Learner's Material.

Leithold, Louis. 1989. College Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Wesley

Longman Inc., reprinted by Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2002.
WEBSITE

Bourne, Murray. “The Ellipse.” Interactive Mathematics. Accessed June 10,

2020. https://www.intmath.com/plane-analytic-geometry/5-
ellipse.php

Pexels. “Train With Smoke.” Accessed June 22, 2020.

https://www.pexels.com/photo/train-with-smoke-507410/