Philosophy Handout Lesson 1

PHILOSOPHY
I used to think that winning at any cost is the only way,

Derived from the Greek words Philos “love” and Sophia but then i realised it is causing problems. thats like
“wisdom”; hence, Philosophy literally means “Love of doing philosophy reflecting and changing belief.
Wisdom”.
Through reflection you recognize the pattern and
The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, change it, WHICH IS A FORM OF PHILOSOPHY IN
reality, and existence, especially when considered as ACTION.
an academic discipline.
3. “A reconstructed belief or a value system which
“The fundamental values or some basic assumptions shows universal and comprehensive character as a
about things, persons, institutions, and others which result of reflection and analysis in a more
form presuppositions that influence one’s beliefs, comprehensive and systematic manner”
decisions, and actions.” – Armando Bonifacio
-philosophy is the byproduct of your careful systematic
Pythagoras is said to be the first to use Philosophy examination of your thoughts and belief that are
when he differentiated the three classes of people who organized to make sense.
attended the ancient Olympic Games.
1. Lovers of Gain; ex. working non stop to achieve goal, after careful
2. Lovers of Honor; analysis and thinking through is this the best way or
3. Lovers of Knowledge or Wisdom. having breaks and before working give you a better
result.
Pythagoras called the third class of people as the best
kind of people or Philosophers; those who seek to Talking about the Subject
arrive at the truth, as they neither seek profit nor Another view on Philosophy is as a study of subjects
compete in the games. which can be understood on how they are talked about.
Talking about the subject means:
The Subject Matter of Philosophy
1. Investigating the meaning of concepts or proposal
Three Concept of Philosophy as explained by Armando of a new term in order to advance some area of
Bonifacio: philosophical inquiry;
1. “The fundamental values or some basic assumptions 2. Critiquing the use of these terms; or
about things, persons, institutions, and others which
form presuppositions that influence one’s beliefs, 3. A combination of both.
decisions, and actions.”
By dissecting language and communication we uncover
the important belief you have, the things you assume, underlying assumptions and implications.
ideas you dont even realize you are using
It reveals hidden meanings and ideas showing us
all of it work together to shape how you think, decide deeper understanding of the conversation.
and act.
example: talking about freedom we all agree that
ex. important belief like being cautious this hinders you freedom is important,
from taking risk ,shapes your decision in taking actions. but if we talk what does it means to be free?
We realize that have different ideas.

2. “The activity of reflecting on and analyzing one’s
beliefs reasons for actions or decisions could be a kind So by examining how we use the word freedom we
of Philosophy as well.” uncover different assumptions that we dont even
consider before.
Examining and questioning your thoughts is form of
philosophy. its a way of exploring the deeper meaning Philosophical and Non-philosophical Subjects
behind your actions and decisions
Philosophical subjects differ from nonphilosophical
ex. thinking why you believe certain thing or why you ones because they have a fundamental importance to a
are certainabout this things
reflective person and there is a lack of general
agreement on how subject of concern may be defined. Ethics helps people prioritize their values.
What is considered as philosophical subjects are Aesthetics

matters a reflective person believes in, counts as real, Comes from the Greek word aisthetikos which means
and considers as good which shapes his or her life. “sensitive” or “perspective”.
In this branch, the Philosopher is concerned with the

philosophical subjects involve deep questions and analysis of aesthetic experience and the idea of what is
exploration of ideas. beautiful.
existence and reality The analysis is directed toward the nature of aesthetic
ethics and morality judgment, standards of beauty, and the objectivity of
knowledge and truth these standards in response to the questions about
mind and consciousness the meaning of aesthetic experience.
free will and determinism
In aesthetics, Philosophers analyze whether beauty is
non-philosophical subjects are more practical and based on utility, experience, form, pleasure, or
concrete. expression.
Science, math medicine, economics etc.. Epistemology

Derived from the Greek word “epistēmē” which means
while philosophical subjects often deal with abstract “knowledge”.
concept and deep inquiries
This branch of Philosophy deals with various problems
NP subjects are more about practical application and concerning knowledge; its origin, whether empiricism
tangible outcomes in various fields. or rationalism, and the verification or confirmation
knowledge.
thus philosophy is an ongoing activity for it branches
to many more questions that need to be discussed. Epistemology specializes in the distinction between
belief and knowledge, the nature of truth, the problems
Philosophy becomes an ongoing activity because there of perception, the external world, and meaning and
may be many and varied answers to fundamental other minds.
questions.
Logic
Value of philosophy A branch of Philosophy that looks into whether there
Thus the value of philosophy lies in its ability to are rules or principles that govern reasoning.
stimulate critical thinking.
Logic incorporates the analysis of the methods of
It encourages open-mindedness and creativity and the deduction and induction to provide the rules on how
development of analytical skills that can be applied in people ought to think logically.
various aspects of life.
Major Branches of Philosophy Logic gives a person the techniques to create sound
Ethics arguments and avoid fallacious reasoning.
Derived from the Greek term Ethos “moral philosophy”
and is concerned about human conduct. Logic increases one’s ability to reason correctly and
distinguish irrational reasoning.
Deals with norms or standards of right and wrong
applicable to human behavior. Metaphysics
A study of reality. This literally means “after Physics”.
Considered as prescriptive as it prescribes what people
ought to do rather what people do. This branch analyzes whether everything is material,
and if life, energy, and mind are its different
The systematic reflections in Ethics will lead to an manifestation.
understanding of the concept of right and wrong and
conceptions about morality which affects one’s actions
towards others.
Metaphysics reflect on the subject of appearances
(how something looks by how it appears) and reality
(that which actually is).
Philosophizing
A reflective analysis and criticism of beliefs and values
of human beings.
To speculate or theorize about fundamental or serious

issues, especially in a tedious or pompous way.
To explain or argue in terms of one’s philosophical

theories.

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PHILOSOPHY

I used to think that winning at any cost is the only way,

We realize that have different ideas.

What is considered as philosophical subjects are Aesthetics

In this branch, the Philosopher is concerned with the

Science, math medicine, economics etc.. Epistemology

To speculate or theorize about fundamental or serious

To explain or argue in terms of one’s philosophical

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