ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CATEGORY L T P CREDI T
ECT381 EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
PCC 3 1 0 4

Preamble: This course aims to design an embedded electronic circuit and implement the same.

Prerequisite: ECT203 Logic Circuit Design, ECT206 Computer Architecture and

Microcontrollers

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to
CO 1 Understand and gain the basic idea about the embedded system.
K2
CO 2 Able to gain architectural level knowledge about the system and hence to program
K3 an embedded system.
CO 3 Apply the knowledge for solving the real life problems with the help of an
K3 embedded system.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO 3 3 2 1 2 2
1
CO 3 3 3 3 2 2
2
CO 3 3 3 3 2 3 2
3

Assessment Pattern
Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment End Semester Examination
Tests
1 2
Remember K1 10 10 10
Understand K2 20 20 20
Apply K3 20 20 70
Analyse
Evaluate
Create

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Mark distribution
Total CIE ESE ESE
Marks Duration
150 50 100 3 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain
10 questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students
should answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which student
should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1) : Understand the embedded system fundamentals and system
design (K1).

1. Give the challenges of embedded computing..

2. Give the structural description of embedded system.
3. What are the phases of EDLC?

Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Understand the peripheral devices and their interfacing with the
processor. (K2)

1. Compare and contrast the PCI bus and PCI-X bus.

2. How the ROM memories are classified? Explain.
3. How the peripheral devices are connected with processors?

Course Outcome 3 (CO3): To write programs using high level languages for embedded
systems. (K3)

1. Write an embedded C program for sorting 64 numbers stored in memory locations and
find the smallest and largest number.
2. How the functions are called by using pointers in embedded ‘C’ ? Discuss with the help
of examples.
3. Give the features of Object Oriented Programming.

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Course Outcome 4 (CO4): To understand the ARM processor architecture and pipeline
processor organization. (K2)

1. Give the architecture of the ARM processor and explain the registres.
2. Explain the pipelined architecture of ARM processor.
3. Write an ARM assembly language program to print the sum of two numbers.

Course Outcome 5 (CO5): To write programs in assembly and high level languages for
ARM processor. (K3)

1. Write a note on Thumb single register in ARM processor.

2. Briefly discuss about the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA).
3. What are the data types supported by ARM programming high level languages.

SYLLABUS

Module 1 : Introduction to Embedded Systems( 08 Hours )

1.1 Complex Systems and Microprocessors

Embedding Computers, Characteristics of Embedded Computing Applications, Application
of Microprocessors, The Physics of Software, Challenges in Embedded Computing System,
Characteristics and quality attributes of an embedded system, Performance in Embedded
Computing
1.2 The Embedded System Design Process
Requirements, Specification , Architecture Design, Designing Hardware and Software
Components and System Integration.
1.3 Formalisms for System Design
Structural Description, Behavioral Description, An embedded system design example.
1.4 Embedded product development cycle (EDLC)
Different phases of EDLC and EDLC models

Module 2 : Embedded system interfacing and peripherals (09Hours)

2.1 Communication devices

Serial Communication Standards and Devices - UART, HDLC and SPI. Serial Bus Protocols -
I2C Bus, CAN Bus and USB Bus, Parallel communication standards-ISA, PCI and PCI-X Bus.
2.2 Memory
Memory devices and systems :– ROM-Flash, EEPROM: RAM-SRAM, DRAM, Cache memory,
memory mapping and addresses, memory management unit– DMA .
2.3 I/O Device
Interrupts:-Interrupt sources, recognizing an interrupt, ISR – Device drivers for handling ISR,
Shared data problem, Interrupt latency.

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Module 3 : Embedded Programming( 11 Hours)

3.1 Programming languages:- Assembly Languages, High level languages, Embedded C,

Object oriented programming, C++, JAVA.
3.2 Embedded C programming:- Keywords and Identifiers, Data Types, Storage Class,
operators, branching, looping, arrays, pointers, characters, strings, functions, function pointers,
structures, unions, pre-processors and macros, constant declaration, volatile type qualifier, delay
generation, infinite loops, bit manipulation, ISR, direct memory allocation

Module 4 : ARM Processor fundamentals (07 Hours )

4.1 ARM Processor architecture:-The Acorn RISC Machine- Architectural inheritance, The
ARM programmer's model, ARM development tools.
4.2 ARM Assembly Language Programming:-Data processing instructions, Data transfer
instructions, Control flow instructions, writing simple assembly language programs.
4.3 ARM Organization and Implementation:-3 stage pipeline ARM organization, 5-stage
pipeline ARM organization, ARM instruction execution, ARM implementation, The ARM
coprocessor interface

Module 5: ARM Programming (10 Hours)

5.1 Architectural Support for High Level Languages :-Abstraction in software design, Data
types, Floating-point data types, The ARM floating-point architecture, Expressions, Conditional
statements, Loops, Functions and procedures, Use of memory, Run-time environment.
5.2 The Thumb Instruction Set :-The Thumb bit in the CPSR, The Thumb programmer's
model, Thumb branch instructions, Thumb software interrupt instruction, Thumb data processing
instructions, Thumb single register data transfer instructions, Thumb multiple register data
transfer instructions, Thumb breakpoint instruction, Thumb implementation, Thumb
applications.
5.3 Architectural Support for System Development:- The ARM memory interface, The
Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA).

Text Books

1. Raj kamal, Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, TMH, 2003
2. K.V. Shibu, Introduction to Embedded Systems, 2e, McGraw Hill Education India, 2016.

3. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design,

Morgan Kaufman Publishers - Elsevier 3ed, 2008
4. Steve Furber, ARM system-on-chip architecture, Addison Wesley, Second Edition, 2000

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Reference Books

1. David E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education Asia, First Indian
Reprint 2000.
2. Steve Heath, Embedded Systems Design, Newnes – Elsevier 2ed, 2002
3. Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, ARM System Developer’s Guide De-
signing and Optimizing System Software, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 2004
4. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, Embedded Systems Design – A Unified Hardware /
Software Introduction, John Wiley, 2002.
5. Tammy Noergaard, Embedded Systems Architecture, A Comprehensive Guide for
Engineers and Programmers, Newnes – Elsevier 2ed, 2012
6. Iyer - Embedded Real time Systems, 1e, McGraw Hill Education New Delhi, 2003
7. Lyla B. Das, Embedded Systems: An Integrated Approach, 1/e , Lyla B. Das, Embedded
Systems, 2012

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of Lectures
1 Introduction to Embedded Systems
1.1 Complex Systems and Microprocessors 3
1.2 The Embedded System Design Process 1
1.3 Formalisms for System Design 2
1.4 Embedded product development cycle (EDLC) 2
2 Embedded system interfacing and peripherals
2.1 Communication devices 3
2.2 Memory 3
2.3 I/O Device 3
3 Embedded Programming
3.1 Programming languages 1
3.2 Embedded C programming 10
4 ARM Processor
4.1 ARM Processor architecture 2
4.2 ARM Assembly Language Programming 3
4.3 ARM Organization and Implementation 2
5 ARM Programming
5.1 Architectural Support for High-Level Languages 4
l The Thumb Instruction Set 4
5.3 Architectural Support for System Development 2

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Simulation Assignments:

1. At least one assignment should be of programming (Both assembly and C languages) of

embedded processor with simulation tools like Keil, Eclipse.
2. Another assignment should be an embedded system design mini project like,
Programming assignments can be the following
a) Print “HELLO WORLD” or any text, b)Data transfer, copy operations c)Arithmetic
operations d)Sorting operations, e)Input/output control, f)Programs using functions,
g) Interrupts and ISR h) controller design
3. Mini project can be done in the following areas.
a) Elevator controller design (b) Chocolate vending machine design (c)
Industrial controller using sensors (d) IOT applications using sensors,
communication devices and actuators

Model Question paper

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

FIFTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, (Model Question Paper)
Course Code: ECT381
Course Name: EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
(Answer for all questions. Each Question Carries 3 marks)

1. Define an embedded system

2. Write any three challenges of embedded system design
3. Explain how an RS232 device is interfaced to a processor
4. What is interrupt latency?
5. What are the differences between assembly level language and high level language?
6. What is the difference between macros and functions?
7. Write the contents of CPSR register of ARM processor and their use.
8. Draw the five stage pipeline architecture of ARM processor
9. What is the use of thumb instruction set in ARM processor?
10. Write a note on ARM memory interface. [ 10 X 3 = 30 Marks]

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PART – B

(Answer one question from each module; each question carries 14 Marks)

Module – I

11. a). What are the characteristics of an embedded system? Explain. [07 Marks]
b). Explain the different phases of EDLC. [07 Marks]
OR
(a) Write different steps involved in the embedded system design process. [07 Marks]
(b) Explain the structural description of embedded system design. [07 Marks]

Module – II

12. (a) What is serial and parallel port communication? Explain with the help of necessary
diagrams. [07 Marks]
(b) What is interrupt? How interrupts are handled in a processor? Explain ISR.[07 Marks]

OR

13. (a) With the help of a diagram show how ROM and RAM are interfaced to a processor.
Explain the read/write processes. [07 Marks]
(b) Explain how a memory management unit is used in a processor. What are its uses?
What is DMA ? [07 Marks]

Module – III

14. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantage of object oriented programming like C++
and Java. [07 Marks]
(b) Write an embedded C program for adding 64 numbers stored in memory locations and
find the average of the same. [07 Marks]

OR

15. (a) What is pre-processor directive? How is a pre-processor directive instruction

differentiated from normal program code? What are the different types of pre-processor
directives available in ‘Embedded C’? [07 Marks]
(b) Write an embedded C program to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division operations of 2 numbers stored in specific memory locations using a mode
control . [07 Marks]

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Module – IV

16. (a) Write a note on ARM processor architecture and its registers. [07 Marks]
(b) Write a note on data processing and data transfer instructions with the help of
examples. [07 Marks]

OR

17. (a) What is pipelined architecture? Explain how an ARM instruction is executed in a five
stage pipeline processor with the help of an example. [08 Marks]
(b) Write an ARM assembly language program to print text string “Hello World”
.[06Marks]

Module – V

18. (a) Explain ARM floating point architecture and discuss how floating point numbers are
handled. [07 Marks]
(b) Write a note on Thumb single register and multiple register data transfer instructions
with the help of examples. [07 Marks]

OR

19. (a) What is Thumb instruction set? Why it is used? Explain Thumb programmers model.
[07 Marks]
(b) Draw the block diagram of AMBA architecture. What are the different types of buses
used in this architecture? [07 Marks]

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