DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE NORTH

SUBJECT- GEOGRAPHY

CLASS- X CHAPTER- RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

(TO BE WRITTEN IN THE NOTEBOOK)

Q1. What is a resource?

ANS.

Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it’s
technologically accessible, culturally acceptable and economically feasible is called as a
resource.

Q2. What is the relation between nature, technology and institution?

OR

What is the role of humans in resource development?

ANS.

Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate
their economic development

Human beings are essential components of resources. They transform material available in
our environment into resources and use them.

Q3. Classification of resources

ANS. Refer flow chart on page 2.

Q4. Differentiate between biotic and abiotic resources

ANS.

BIOTIC RESOURCES

- These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as flora and fauna, fisheries, life
stock.

ABIOTIC RESOURCES

- All those things that are composed of non living things such as rocks and metals are
called abiotic resources.

Q5. Differentiate between Renewable and Non – Renewable resources.

ANS.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

- Resources which can be reproduced by physical, chemical and mechanical processes

are called as renewable resources
- Examples include solar, wind energy, water, forests and wildlife.

NON – RENEWABLE RESOURCES

- These occur over a long geological time. These resources take million of years in their
formation.
- Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be
recycled.

Q6. Classify resources on the basis of ownership.

ANS.

INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES

- These are owned by privately by individuals.

- Famers own land which is allotted to them by government against payment of
revenue.
- Urban people own plots, houses and other property like plantation, pasture ponds and
wells.

COMMUNITY RESOURCES

- These resources are accessible to all members in that community.

- Village commons including grazing grounds, burial grounds, public parks are few
examples.

NATIONAL RESOURCES

- Technically, all resources belong to the nation. The country has legal powers to
acquire private land for public welfare.
- All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife and land within 12 nautical miles
from the coast termed as territorial water and resources therein belong to the nation.

INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES

- These resources cannot be accessed without prior approval of the international

institutions that govern these resources.
- The oceanic resources beyond 200 Nautical miles from the EEZ to open ocean are
international resources.
Q7. What is EEZ?

ANS.

- It’s called as the Exclusive Economic Zone

- Oceanic resources 200 nautical miles from the Indian Ocean are our EEZ.
- Resources from this region can be accessed by neighbouring countries.

Q8. Differentiate Potential, Stock and Developed resources.

ANS.

POTENTIAL STOCK DEVELOPED

Resources found in the Materials that have the Resources which are
region, but have not been potential to satisfy human surveyed and their quantity
utilised. needs but they are not being and quality has been
used due to the absence of determined for usage
technological development.

Example – The western parts Example – Water is a The development of these

of India (Rajasthan and compound of Hydrogen and resources depends on
Gujarat) have enormous Oxygen, which can be technology and level of
prospects for tapping wind utilised and energy. But due feasibility. Example – Coal
and solar energy, but so far, to lack of technological know in Jharkhand.
they have not been developed – how, these are not being
properly. used.

Q9. What are “Reserves”?

ANS.

- Reserves are a subset of stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing
technical know –how but their use has not been determined.
- River water can be used to generate hydel power. But presently, its been used only for
limited extent.

Q10. Why is conservation of resources?

ANS.

Human beings use resources indiscriminately and this has led to the following major
problems:

- Depletion of resources to satisfy the greed of few individuals.

 - Accumulation of resources in few hands which in turn, divided the society into two
segments that is, haves and have nots. (Rich and Poor)
- Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crisis, such as
global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

Q11. What is sustainable development?

ANS.

Sustainable development means development should take place without damaging the
environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the
future generations.

Q12. What is resource planning? Why is it required in a country like India?

ANS.

- Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.

- India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are regions which
are rich in certain types of resources, but are deficient in some other resources.
- Examples : The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in
minerals and coal deposits.
- Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lack in infrastructural
development.
- The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar energy but lacks water
resources.
- The cold desert of Ladakh has very rich cultural heritage nut it is deficient in water,
infrastructure and vital minerals.

Q13. Resource planning is a complex process. Substantiate.

ANS.

- Identification of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying,
mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation.
- Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technological, skill and
institutional set up.
- Matching up resource development plans with overall national development.

Q14. Resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by
appropriate technology and institutional development. Substantiate.

ANS.
 - There are regions in our country that are rich in resources. On the contrary, there are
some regions which have a poor resource base but are economically developed.
- Higher level of technological development of the colonial countries helped them
exploit resources and establish supremacy.
- Therefore in India, development in general, and resource development in particular
does not only involve the availability of resources, but also the technology quality of
human resources and the historical experiences of people.

Q15. What is the need for the conservation of resources?

ANS.

- Irrational supply and over utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and
environmental problems.
- To overcome these problems, resource conservation at different level is required.

Q16. What was Gandhiji’s opinion on resource conservation?

ANS.

- Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation by quoting:
“There is enough for everybody’s need, not for everybody’s greed”.
- He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology
as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level.
- He was against mass production but wanted production by the masses.

Q17. What are the main advantages of India’s diverse relief features?

ANS.

- India has land under a variety of features – Mountains, Plateaus, Plains and Islands.
- About 43% of the land area are plains, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry.
- Mountains account for 30% of the total surface area of the country and ensure perennial
flow of rivers, provides facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.
- About 27% of the area are the plateaus. It poses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and
forests.

Q18. How have human activities been responsible for land degradation?

ANS.

- Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete, leaving behind deep scars
and traces of over burdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and
Odhisa, deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.
- In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra, overgrazing is one of the main reasons for
land degradation.
- The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite for ceramic
industry generate huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of
infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.
 - In States like Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land
degradation due to water logging, leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity of the soil.
- In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water
pollution in many parts of the country.

Q19. Describe the steps taken to solve the problem of land degradation.

ANS.

There are many ways to solve the problem of land degradation.

- Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.

- Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on overgrazing, stabilising of sand dunes by
growing thorny bushes are some of the ways to check land degradation.

Q20. What factors help in the formation of soil?

ANS
Factors helping soil formation as follows
 Relief
 Parent rock/ bed rock
 Climate
 Vegetation and other forms of life
 Forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, glaciers,
wind, activities of decomposers
Q21.Why is alluvial soil called fertile soil?
ANS
Alluvial soil mostly contains adequate proportions of potash, phosphoric acid and
lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal/pulse
crops.

Q22.In which region is black soil found?

ANS
Regions in which black soil may be found include
 Maharashtra
 Saurashtra
 Malwa
 Madhya Pradesh
 Chhattisgarh
 Also extend in the southeast direction along the Godaveri and Krishna valleys
SOIL REGIONS OF INDIA
Note:

The above maps to be attached in your note books.