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    CERTIFICATION

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    warkfin003
    This document certifies that a research project titled "Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index in men supplemented with tigernut milk in Calabar" was carried out by Manadom Nenubari, a student at the University of Calabar, under the supervision of Dr. Uwem O. Akpan. The project assesses the effects of supplementing men with tigernut milk on their total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide, and oxidative stress index. Key findings include significantly higher total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index before supplementation compared to after, and significantly lower total antioxidant capacity before supplementation. There were no significant differences in BMI or blood pressure before and after supplementation

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    CERTIFICATION

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    This document certifies that a research project titled "Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index in men supplemented with tigernut milk in Calabar" was carried out by Manadom Nenubari, a student at the University of Calabar, under the supervision of Dr. Uwem O. Akpan. The project assesses the effects of supplementing men with tigernut milk on their total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide, and oxidative stress index. Key findings include significantly higher total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index before supplementation compared to after, and significantly lower total antioxidant capacity before supplementation. There were no significant differences in BMI or blood pressure before and after supplementation

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    This document certifies that a research project titled "Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index in men supplemented with tigernut milk in Calabar" was carried out by Manadom Nenubari, a student at the University of Calabar, under the supervision of Dr. Uwem O. Akpan. The project assesses the effects of supplementing men with tigernut milk on their total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide, and oxidative stress index. Key findings include significantly higher total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index before supplementation compared to after, and significantly lower total antioxidant capacity before supplementation. There were no significant differences in BMI or blood pressure before and after supplementation

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    11 views7 pages

    CERTIFICATION

    Uploaded by

    warkfin003
    This document certifies that a research project titled "Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index in men supplemented with tigernut milk in Calabar" was carried out by Manadom Nenubari, a student at the University of Calabar, under the supervision of Dr. Uwem O. Akpan. The project assesses the effects of supplementing men with tigernut milk on their total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide, and oxidative stress index. Key findings include significantly higher total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index before supplementation compared to after, and significantly lower total antioxidant capacity before supplementation. There were no significant differences in BMI or blood pressure before and after supplementation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    CERTIFICATION

    This is to certify that this research project on ‘Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity,
    total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index in men supplemented with tigernut milk
    in Calabar’ was carried out and written by Manadom Nenubari (Matric number
    17/021145107) under the supervision of Dr Uwem O. Akpan in the Department of
    Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, University of Calabar, Calabar.

    STUDENT’S NAME: MANADOM NENUBARI


    STUDENT’S SIGNATURE: …………………………….
    DATE: …………………………….

    SUPERVISOR’S NAME: DR UWEM O. AKPAN


    SUPERVISOR’S SIGNATURE: …………………………...
    DATE: …………………………...

    Ag. HEAD OF DEPARTMENT: DR I. K. ISONG


    SIGNATURE: ……………………………...
    DATE: ……………………………

    i
    DEDICATION

    This project is dedicated to God almighty for the fulfillment of his mercy and the grace
    to write a new page in my Life.

    ii
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    I am grateful that I was given the opportunity to make this project which has ultimately
    enriched my knowledge in so many ways. I express my sincere gratitude to my
    supervisor, Dr Uwem O. Akpan for his professional advice and contribution.

    I am equally, yet specially, thankful to Dr Iya Eze Bassey for her assistance,
    encouragement and unprecedented contribution right from the outset to the completion of
    this work. Also, I duly appreciate my lecturers such as Prof. Etukudoh, Dr Isong, Dr
    Eworo, Dr. Augusta and the entire staff of the Department of Clinical Chemistry and
    Immunology for their contributions towards my academic success and the impact they
    have made in my life.

    I deeply thank and honour my parents, guardians and siblings: Mr Dornubari Theophilus
    Manadom, Rev. Adumene Manadom, Deaconess (Mrs) Daughter Manadom, and my two
    beautiful sisters Baridubari and Bariduduune Manadom for their moral, financial,
    material support, encouragement and prayers.

    Furthermore, I feel indebted to my close friends: Oko Godwin, Osita Longinus, Nweke
    Light, Ule Deborah, Benjamin Chidozie, Wisdom Obed, Desire Simon, Deezua Austin,
    Aweami Daniel, Ogabo Godwin, Ebong Precious, Obule Clement, Fidelis Julius, among
    others, for their immense support, especially when it appeared that all hope was lost;
    they were almost my backbone throughout my stay in the university. In the same vein, I
    declare that my roommates are the best- Eteng Michael, Anosike David, Ogbu Daniel,
    Ekpo Benedict and Isike Andrew. Accept my sincere appreciation.

    Conclusively, I return all glory and thanksgiving to God almighty in whose will it is that
    I have come this far. May He alone be forever adored. Amen.

    iii
    ABSTRACT
    The tigernut is the tuber of Cyperus esculentus widely cultivated all over the world
    for its rich nutrient profile. On the other hand, due to the presence of flavonoids, it
    has good antioxidant properties, thus, can be used as a source of natural
    antioxidants. Evidently, oxidative stress has been implicated in both organ and
    systemic dysfunction, including male infertility. Therefore, this study assessed the
    seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxide (TPP), and
    oxidative stress index (OSI) in men before and after supplemented with tigernut
    milk. Accordingly, thirty consenting men aged 18-40 years were recruited into the
    study and were divided into three groups with respect to the additives in the tigernut
    milk, viz: group one–dates and ginger, group two–date, group three–sugars. The
    TAC and TPP were determined by colorimetric methods, coupled with macroscopy
    and microscopy for the semen analysis, while OSI was gotten by calculation.
    Anthropometric indices (weight, height and BMI) and socio-demographic data were
    obtained using standard method. All data were analyzed using Paired Student’s t-
    test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation at p<0.05. The Total plasma peroxide (TPP)
    and OSI levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) before supplementation compared
    to post-supplementation levels, while TAC was significant lower (p=0.000) before
    supplementation compared to after supplementation. There was no significant
    difference (p>0.05) in BMI and blood pressure before and after supplementation.
    There was a significant positive correlation in semen volume (r=0.731, p=0.000),
    sperm count (r=0.601, p=0.000) and sperm morphology (r=0.903, p=0.000) before
    and after tiger nut supplementation. There was no significant variation (p>0.05) in
    all parameters among the three groups of men studied. This findings of this study
    shows that Tigernut milk supplementation increases TAC, OSI and reduces TPP
    levels with no significant effect on the blood pressure and BMI. This suggests that
    tigernut products have antioxidant and possible cardio-protective roles in the body.

    iv
    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    TITLE PAGE i
    DEDICATION ii
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
    ABSTRACT iv
    LIST OF TABLES vi

    CHAPTER ONE: NTRODUCTION


    1.1 Introduction 1
    1.2 Statement of problem 2
    1.3 Aims 3
    1.4 Specific objective 3
    1.5 Justification of study 3

    CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW


    2.1 Tiger nut 4
    2.1.1 Taxonomy of tiger nut 4
    2.1.2 Geographical distribution of TN 5
    2.1.3 Cultivation of tiger nut 5
    2.1.4 Nutritional composition of tiger nut 5
    2.1.5 Nutritional and Health benefits of TN 6
    2.1.6 Edible products and uses of tigernut 8
    2.1.7 Tigernut milk and it's nutritional benefits 8
    2.2 Oxidative stress 9
    2.2.1 Reactive nitrogen species 10
    2.2.2 Reactive oxygen species 11
    2.2.2.1 Exogenous reactive oxygen species 12
    2.2.2.2 Endogenous reactive oxygen species 12
    2.2.3 Damaging effect of free radicals 13
    2.2.4 Lipid peroxidation 14
    2.2.4.1 Total Plasma peroxide 15
    2.2.5 Total antioxidant capacity 16
    2.3 Antioxidants 16

    v
    2.3.1 Enzymatic antioxidants 17
    2.3.2 Non-enzymatic antioxidants 18
    2.3.3 Role of antioxidants in male fertility 19
    2.4 Relationship between tiger nut milk and male fertility. 20

    CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS


    3.1 Study area 22
    3.2.1 Study design 22
    3.2.2 Sample collection/ selection 23
    3.3.1 Semen analysis 23
    3.4 Measurement of anthropometric indices 24
    3.5 Laboratory methods 25
    3.5.1 Estimation of total antioxidant capacity 25
    3.5.2 Measurement of total plasma peroxide 25
    3.5.3 Oxidative stress index 26
    3.6 Statistical analysis 26

    CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS


    4.1 Results 27

    CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION


    5.1 Discussion 32
    5.2 Conclusion 34
    5.3 Recommendation 34
    References
    Appendix

    vi
    LIST OF TABLES

    TABLE 4.1 Body mass index, Blood pressure and semen parameters of men before
    and after tigernut supplementation 28

    TABLE 4.2 Serum and semen biochemical parameters of men before and after
    tigernut supplementation 29

    TABLE 4.3 Correlation of Body mass index, Blood pressure and semen parameters
    between men before Tigernut supplementation and after
    Supplementation 30

    TABLE 4.4 Comparison of Body mass index, Blood pressure, semen parameters, TPP,
    TAC and OSI between men before Tigernut supplementation and after
    supplementation 31

    vii

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