NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT

Department of Mathematics, Winter Semester 2023-2024

Mathematics-II (MA1013E), Tutorial-1

1. Find the differential equation of all circles which pass through the origin and whose centres are on the x-axis.

2. Find the differential equation of the family of curves y = ex (A cos x + B sin x) where A and B are constants.

3. Find the differential equation whose solution is

(a) all tangent lines to the parabola y = x2 .

(b) all ellipses centered at the origin.
(c) all parabolos with axis parallel to the axis of y.

4. State the existence and uniqueness theorem of first order ordinary differential equations. Check the existence
and uniqueness of solution of the following initial value problems. If solution exists, find the unique solution
or all solutions.
dy dy 4
(a) = x − y + 1, y(1) = 2. (b) = 5y 5 , y(0) = 0.
dx dx
dy 4 dy 2y
(c) = 5y 5 , y(0) = 1. (d) = , y(0) = 1.
dx dx x
5. Solve the following differential equations (Variable-Separable/reducible to Variable-Separable)
dy 2 dy
(a) = ex+y + x2 ex +y . (b) tan y = sin(x + y) + sin(x − y).
dx dx
dy dy
(c) = (4x + y + 1)2 . (d) = sin(x + y) + cos(x + y).
dx dx
6. Solve the following differential equations (Homogenous/Non homogeneous)
y y y y dy
(a) (x3 + 3xy 2 )dx + (y 3 + 3x2 y)dy = 0. (b) (x cos + y sin )y − (y sin − x cos ) = 0.
x x x x dx
dy x+y+4 dy 2x + 3y + 4
(c) = . (d) = .
dx x−y−6 dx 6y + 4x + 5
7. Solve the following differential equations (Linear/Bernoulli/Reducible to linear or Bernoulli)
(a) y(log y)dx + (x − log y)dy = 0. (b) (1 + y 2 )dx = (tan−1 y − x)dy.
dy dy
(c) + x sin(2y) − x3 cos2 y = 0. (d) = y 3 cos(2x) − y sin(x).
dx dx
8. Solve the following differential equations (exact/make it exact with integrating factor)
x x x
(a) (1 + e y )dx + e y (1 − )dy = 0. (b) y sin(2x)dx = (1 + y 2 + cos2 x)dy.
y
(c) (x3 + xy 2 + 4y)dx + (y 3 + yx2 − 4x)dy = 0. (d) ydx − xdy + (1 + x2 )dx + x2 sin ydy = 0.
(e) (xy 3 + y)dx + 2(x2 y 2 + x + y 4 )dy = 0. (f) (2xy 4 ey + 2xy 3 + y)dx + (x2 y 4 ey − x2 y 2 − 3x)dy = 0.

9. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the following family of curves

(a) 3xy = x3 − a3 , a is the parameter. (b) x2 + y 2 = 2ax, a is the parameter.

10. Show that the family of parabolas x2 = 4a(y + a) is self orthogonal, a is the parameter.

11. If the temperature of the air is 290K and a substance cools from 370K to 330K in 10 minutes, find when
the temperature will be 295K. (Ans=40 minutes)

12. The number of bacteria in a yeast culture grows at a rate which is proportional to the number present. If
the population of a colony of yeast bacteria triples in one hour, find the number of bacteria which will be
present at the end of five hours. (Ans: Increases by 35 times the initial bacteria).
13. (a) Find the current at any time t > 0 in a circuit having in series a constant electromotive force 40V , a resistor
10Ω and an inductor 0.2H given that initial current is zero. (b) Find the current when E(t) = 150 cos(200t).
3 15
(Ans (a): 4(1 − e−50t ), (b) (50 cos(200t) + 200 sin(200t)) − e−50t ))
170 17
14. A capacitor C = 0.01F in series with a resistor R = 20 ohms is charged from a batter E = 10V . Assuming
that initially the capacitor is completely uncharged, determine the charge Q(t) and the current i(t) at any
time t. (Ans: Q(t) = 0.1(1 − e−5t ), i(t) = 0.5e−5t ).

15. Find the general solution of the following differential equations.

(a) 8y ′′ − 2y ′ − y = 0.
(b) y ′′ + 9y ′ + 20y = 0.
(c) 9y ′′ − 30y ′ + 25y = 0.
(d) 4y ′′ + 4y ′ − 3y = 0.

16. Solve the initial value problems (IVPs). Check that your answer satisfies the equation as well as the initial
conditions.
√
(a) y ′′ + 4y ′ + 2y = 0, y(0) = −1, y ′ (0) = 2 + 3 2.
e
(b) 4y ′′ − 4y ′ − 3y = 0, y(−2) = e, y ′ (−2) = .
2
17. Solve the boundary value problems (BVPs).
π
(a) y ′′ + 4y = 0, y(0) = 3, y( ) = −3.
2
′′ ′ π
(b) y + 2y + 2y = 0, y(0) = 1, y( ) = 0.
2
18. Find a second order homogeneous linear differential equation for which the following functions are solutions.
Find the Wronskian and use it to verify linear independence.
1
(a) e3x , xe3x . (b) x2 , x2 ln x. (c) cos(ln x), sin(ln x). (d) x2 , x 2 .

19. If y1 , y2 are two linearly independent solutions Rof y ′′ + p(x)y ′ + q(x)y = 0, show that the Wronskian of y1 (x)
and y2 (x) can be expressed as W(y1 , y2 ) = ce− p(x)dx , where c is a constant.

20. Solve the following using method of undetermined coefficients

(a) y ′′ − 1.5y ′ − y = 12x2 + 6x3 − x4 , y(0) = 4, y ′ (0) = −8.

(b) y ′′ − 4y = e−2x − 2x, y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 0.
(c) y ′′ + y ′ = 2 + 2x + x2 , y(0) = 8, y ′ (0) = −1.
(d) y ′′ − 4y ′ + 4y = xe2x .
(e) y ′′ − 2y ′ = ex sin x.

21. Solve the following using method of variation of parameters.

e−2x
(a) y ′′ − 4y ′ + 4y = .
x
(b) y ′′ + y = cosec(x).
3
(c) y ′′ − 2y ′ + y = 3x 2 ex .
(d) y ′′ + 4y = 4sec2 (2x).
2
(e) y ′′ − y = .
1 + ex
22. Construct a non-homogeneous second order differential equation with constant coefficients whose general
solution is y(x) = ex (c1 cos(2x) + c1 sin(2x)) + ex + x.

23. Solve the following Euler-Cauchy equations

(a) x2 y ′′ − 4xy ′ + 6y = 21x−4 .

(b) 4x2 y ′′ + 8xy ′ − 3y = 7x2 − 15x3 .
(c) x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ + 2y = x3 cos(x).
(d) x2 y ′′ + xy ′ − 9y = 48x5 .
(e) x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ − 4y = x2 + 2 log(x).

24. An inductor of 2 henries, resistor of 16 ohms and capacitor of 0.02 farads are connected in series with a
battery of e.m.f. E=100sin(33t). At t=0, the charge on the capacitor and current in the circuit are zero.
Find the charge and current at time t.

25. Find the steady-state oscillation of the mass-spring system governed by the equation:
y ′′ + 5y ′ + 10y = 7 cos(t) + 2 sin(t).

26. Find the transient motion of the mass-spring system governed by the equation:
y ′′ + 3y ′ + 2y = 170 sin(4t).

27. A spring with a mass of 2 kg has natural length m. A force of 25.6 N is required to maintain it stretched to
a length of 0.7m (The spring constant is 128 by Hook’s law). If the spring is stretched to a length of 0.7m
and then released with initial velocity 0, find the position of the mass at any time.

28. A 16 lb weight is suspended from a spring having spring constant 5 lb/ft. Assume that an external force
given by 24sin(10t) and a damping force with damping constant 4, are acting on the spring. Initially the
weight is at rest at its equilibrium position. Find the position of the weight at any time. Find the steady
state solution. Find the amplitude, period and frequency of the steady state solution. Determine the velocity
of the weight at any time.

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