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    MH1811 Tutorial 10 - SS - 2020 - Taylor - Series

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    MH1811 Tutorial 10 - SS - 2020 - Taylor - Series

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    MH1811 Tutorial 10_SS_2020_Taylor_Series

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    MH1811 Tutorial 10 - SS - 2020 - Taylor - Series

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    Nanyang Technological University

    School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences


    Division of Mathematical Sciences

    MH1811 Mathematics 2 Tutorial 10

    Topics: Taylor Series and Maclaurin Series, Taylor Polynomials.


    Differential Equations: First order ODE.

    √
    1. Consider the function f (x) = 3 + x2 at a = −1.

    (a) Evaluate the Taylor coefficients c0 , c1 and c2 at a = −1.


    √
    (b) Obtain the first three non-zero terms of the Taylor series generated by f (x) = 3 + x2 at
    a = −1.
    1
    2. Find the Taylor polynomial T4 (x) ( up to degree 4 ) of f (x) = at (i) a = 2 and (ii) a = 3.
    1−x
    3. Find the Taylor polynomial T2 (x) up to degree 2 of f (x) = ln(1 + x + 3x2 ) at a = 0, and use
    it to estimate the value f (−0.1).

    4. Use the Maclaurin series for ex and sin x to obtain the Maclaurin series, up to first four non-zero
    terms, of the following functions.

    (a) ex + x sin x
    (b) ex sin(2x)
    (c) esin x

    1
    5. Let f (x) = √ .
    1+x

    1
    (a) Show that the Taylor series, up to x4 , of f (x) = √at a = 0 is
    1+x
    1 3 5 35 4
    1 − x + x2 − x3 + x + ···
    2 8 16 128
    1
    (b) (Optional.) The value f (x) = √ is estimated by by T2 (x) for |x| < 0.01, determine
    1+x
    the error using the Taylor’s remainder.
    (c) (Optional.) Determine the number of terms of the Taylor series for f (x) required to
    1
    estimate √ to within 0.002.
    0.80

    1
    x
    et
    Z
    1
    6. Show that y = dt is a solution of the differential equation:
    x 1 t
    x2 y 0 + xy = ex .
    x
    7. Verify that y = is a solution of the initial value problem:
    ln x
    x2 y 0 = xy − y 2 , y(e) = e, x > 1.

    8. Consider the following differential equation


    dy √ √
    = ye y − − − (∗)
    dx
    (a) Verify that y = 0 (constant function with value 0 at every x) is a solution of (∗). Are
    there other constant solutions? If there are, find them.
    (b) Find all non-constant solutions of (∗).
    (c) Write down the general solution of (∗).
    9. Solve the following initial-value problems:
    √ 1 2 1 3
    (a) y 0 = e2x + x + cos 3x, y(0) = 2 (Ans: y(x) = e2x + x3/2 + sin 3x + )
    2 3 3 2
    (b) y 00 = xex , y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = 4 (Ans: y(x) = 5 + 5x − 2ex + xex )
    π
    (c) y 0 = y 2 + 1, y(0) = 1 (Ans: y = tan(x + ) )
    4
    10. Solve the following differential equations:
    dy
    (a) y − (x − 2) = 0, for x > 2. (Ans: y = C(x − 2))
    dx
    dy x(y 2 − 1) (x − 1) + C(x − 2)2
    (b) = (Ans: y = and y = −1)
    dx 2(x − 2)(x − 1) (x − 1) − C(x − 2)2
    dy p
    3
    (c) y 2 = 3x2 y 3 − 6x2 (Ans: y = 2 + Ke3x3 )
    dx
    dy
    (d) sec x = ey+sin x (Ans: y = − ln(C − esin x ) ) )
    dx
    11. (Newton’s Law of Cooling) The rate of at which an object’s temperature T is changing at
    any given time is roughly proportional to the difference between its temperature and the
    temperature of the surrounding medium Tm . Thus we have
    dT
    = −k(T − Tm ),
    dt
    where k is a constant. Suppose the initial temperature of the object is T0 .

    (a) Show that


    T − Tm = (T0 − Tm )e−kt .
    (b) A hard-boiled egg at 98◦ C is put in a sink of 18◦ C water. After 5 minutes, the egg’s
    temperature is 38◦ C. Assuming that the water has not warmed appreciably, how much
    longer will it take the egg to reach 20◦ C? (Answer: About 8 mins.)

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