Apa Guide
Apa Guide
Apa Guide
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The American Psychological Association (APA) style is often used when writing research papers
and documenting information sources in the social sciences.
The chapter and section from the APA Manual is provided, i.e., (7.02).
Ta ble of C ontents
Books & eBooks ................................................................................................................. 2
Secondary Sources ............................................................................................................. 5
Journal Articles ................................................................................................................... 6
Magazines & Newspaper Articles....................................................................................... 7
Websites, Internet Message Boards, Electronic Mailing Lists & Social Media ...................8
Audiovisual Media (Includes motion pictures, audio/television broadcasts, maps,
artwork, photography) .......................................................................................... 10
Personal Communication (Includes letters, emails, personal interviews, telephone
conversations, memos, instant messenger, Skype) .............................................. 13
Reference List Example .................................................................................................... 14
In-text Citations: Sample Paper........................................................................................ 15
Corresponding Reference List: Sample Paper .................................................................. 15
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Journal Articles
Basic Format (7.01)
Reference with DOI
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume
number(issue number), page range. doi:0000000/000000000000
Reference without DOI
Author, A. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume
number(issue number), page range. Retrieved from http://www.homepage of
journal.com/full/url/
In-text
Direct Quote (Author’s Last Name, Year, Page or Paragraph number)
Indirect Quote (Author’s Last Name, Year)
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In-text
Direct Quote (Author’s Last Name, Year, Page or Paragraph number)
Indirect Quote (Author’s Last Name, Year)
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Wikipedia (7.01)
Reference
Canada. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved September 11, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada
In-text
Direct Quote In the 17th and early 18th centuries, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that
lay along the St. Lawrence River" ("Canada," n.d., para. 6).
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DVD (7.07)
Reference
Colson, C. (Producer), & Boyle, D. (Director). (2008). Slumdog millionaire [DVD]. United States: 20th
Century Fox Home Entertainment.
In-text
Indirect Quote (Colson & Boyle, 2008)
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Music (7.07)
Reference
Mitchell, J. (1974). Jericho. On Miles of aisles [CD]. New York, NY: Asylum.
In-text
Indirect Quote (Mitchell, 1974)
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In-text
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References
Apsolon, M. [markapsolon]. (2011, September 9). Real ghost girl caught on Video Tape 14
Bujak, J. P., & Donohoe, H. V. (1980). Geological highway map of Nova Scotia [Geology map].
Bulliet, R. W., Crossley, P. K., Headrick, D. R., Hirsch, S. W., Johnson, L. L., & Northrup, D.
(2011). The earth and its peoples: A global history (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada
Doob, A. N., & Cesaroni, C. (2004). Responding to youth crime in Canada. Toronto, ON:
Faber, B. L. (2003). Grasshopper. In World book encyclopedia (Vol. 8, pp. 327-328). Chicago, IL:
World Book.
Grazer, B. (Producer), & Howard, R. (Director). (2006). A beautiful mind [Motion picture].
Johns, E., & Mewhort, D. (2009). Test sequence priming in recognition memory. Journal of
10.1037/a0016372
McKenna, B. (2011, July 4). Newfoundland pulls ahead of Maritimes with oil and mining boom.
Province pulls plug on toxic hotel bill. (1999, June 15). Chronicle Herald, pp. A1, A5.
Start the reference list on a new page, center the title “References” and alphabetize the entries by the
surname of the author. If no author is provided, move the title into the author position. Use a hanging
indent and double-space all entries. Do not include personal communications in the reference list.
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Gray wrote (as cited in Richard, 1997, p. 4) “no other coal-field in North America has the
drift origin characteristics possessed by the Albion-Stellarton coal seams.” The thickness of the coal
seams varies, and it changes from being clean to being mixed with shale. Gray also noted (as cited in
During the first two years of the war, the coal industry was in decline (Earle, 2001). The
Quebec markets were disrupted when ships for carrying coal were reassigned to helping with the
war effort. Cheaper coal from the United States flooded the markets of central Canada. Output
increased in late 1915 when Canadian steel plants began manufacturing munitions (Ryan, 1992).
References
Earle, M. (2001). Coal in the history of Nova Scotia. In J.E. Candow (Ed.), Industry and society in
Richard, K. (1997). The Westray story: A predictable path to disaster: Report of the Westray
Ryan, J.H. (1992). Coal in our blood: 200 years of coal mining in Nova Scotia’s Pictou County.
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