Parents

Port 1

Vocabulary & Spe:

Parenthood Vocabulary and Speaking Reading
1 Look at these words used on a website 1 Axe parenting manuals popular in your
forum to describe parenthood. Which words country? Do you think good parenting is
Baby and €hiU Care
focus on the challenges? Which words focus something that can be learned from a book
Extend your vocal: •- on the rewards? or is it instinctive?
Metaphors: amazing challenging crazy exciting 2 Read the information about an American
relotionships childcare manual and its author. How do
exhausting expensive fun incredible
life-changing miraculous noisy you think the different editions of the
;
book might have been influenced by the
Tips for parents relentless rewarding stressful
changing times?
underestimated unpredictable
3 Read two extracts from the 1946 and
2 Work in pairs. Choose two or three 1998 editions of Baby and Child Care. Answer
words and discuss what you think parents the questions.
meant by them. What would you add? 1 How did Dr Spock's ideas about fathers
and entertainment change over the years?
3 Match the words (1-8) with the 2 What do you think of his advice? Is this
words (a-h) that have a similar meaning. advice universal? Is it relevant in your
Use a dictionary. country or culture?
1 bring up a monitor
2 praise b believe in
3 punish c ignore
4 tell off a discipline
Relationships between people are like
5 check up on e compliment physical connections.
6 trust f indulge We're a very close family.
7 spoil g raise My parents split up / broke up after I left
8 neglect h criticise home.
My parents separated when I was small.
4 Choose four words in exercise 3. Write My sister and I were inseparable when we
examples of each type of parent behaviour were younger.
without using the words in exercise 3. Swap My parents have a strong bond.
with a partner. Write the correct word. We're all very attached to each other in my
family.
It's when parents phone their children all the Cracks appeared in our relationship after we
time, or read the messages on their mobile. got married.
Money problems caused deep divisions in the
5 Discuss one statement with a partner. family.
• Teachers are more important today in a 1 Put the examples above in two lists:
childi upbringing than their parents. Having a good relationship is like being
• It is easier to be a grandparent than a joined to somebody.
Ending a relationship is like breaking it.
parent.
« Parents are not as strict as they used 2 Talk about people in your family or in
families you know, using the expressions
to be. above.

Unit 5 Parents
L

Baby and Child

Famers
Some fathers have been brought up to think that the care of babies and
children is the mother's job entirely. This is the wrong idea. You can be a warm father
and a real man at the same time. Of course, I don't mean that the father has to give
just as many bottles or change just as many diapers as the mother. But it's fine for
him to do these things occasionally. He might make the formula on Sunday.

Men, especially the husbands of women with outside jobs, have been
participating increasingly in all aspects of home and child care. There is no reason
why fathers shouldn't be able to do these jobs as well as mothers. But the
benefit may be lost if this work is done as a favour to the wife, since that implies
that raising the child is not really the father's work but that he's merely being
extraordinarily generous.

Entertainment
Conscientious parents often dread comic strips and comic books,
thinking that they ruin their children's taste for good reading, fill their
minds with morbid ideas, keep them indoors, interfere with homework
and waste good money. All these accusations have a bit of truth in
them. But when children show a universal craving for something,
whether it's comics or candy or jazz, we've got to assume that it
has a positive, constructive value for them. It may be wise to
try to give them what they want in a better form, but it does
no good for us to cluck like nervous hens.

There is a darker side to the world of computers.

I'm speaking about the majority of computer games.
Most of these are variations on the theme of kill the
Writing
bad guys. The best that can be said of them
1 Work in small groups. Make a is that they may help promote eye-hand
list of the topics that you think need
coordination in children. The worst that
to be included in a childcare manual.
can be said is that they sanction,
Rules about computer games, etc.
and even promote, aggression
Role of fathers
and violent responses to
2 Write at least three tips which you would conflict.
pass on to new parents.
Glossary
formula (noun) - milk for babies
made from powder Dr Benjamin Spock
• It's fine for/to ... (1903-1998) was an American
* There is no reason why you shouldn't... pediatrician and the author of
* You can /itiight... the hugely influential Baby and
Child Care, published in 1946.
• It may be wise to ...
In Dr Spock's lifetime the book
» It does no good for / to ...
went through seven editions,
3 Swap your tips with another group. Give sold over 50 million copies and
your opinion of the other group's tips. was translated into 39 languages.

Parents Unit 5
 Parents re

Part 2

Reading & Speaking

Discussing quotations Reading and Speaking Vocabulary and Listening
about names and 1 Read the four quotations about names 1 Look at the words in bold. Take it in
naming and naming. Which quote ... turns to explain their meaning to a partner.
Vocabulary & Listening 1 talks about the suitability of the same 1 Her name's Mercedes but we call her by
Names name for different stages in life? her nickname 'Meche'.
2 emphasises the influence of names? 2 In some countries names are gender
Grammar & Pronunciation 3 questions the motives and consequences specific, but unisex names are common
will for present habits of name giving? in many cultures, for example in India.
4 points out that the person is more 3 The Bronte Sisters all wrote under male
Word stress
important than the name? pseudonyms.
Speaking 4 Parents often give their children a
2 Work in pairs. Discuss the quotes and relative's name as a first or middle name.
Naming customs answer the questions. 5 Actors and singers sometimes give
• How important do you think a name is? themselves stage names.
• Do you think it is good for a child to 6 Some cultures use patronymics and
have an unusual name? matronymics instead of a surname or
• What effect do you think it has on a child family name.
to have an unusual name? Do you know 7 Women in Spain normally keep their
any examples? maiden name when they marry.
8 Most people use an invented username
Does the name you give your child rather than their real name in internet
affect his life? Or is it your life forums.
reflected in his name? In either case,
what kind of signal does a child's : Listen to five people talk
name send to the world — and most about names. Which of the names in bold in
exercise 1 do the speakers talk about?
important, does it really matter?
(Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, 3 Listen again and match the topics a-e to
economists)
the speakers (1-5).
From a native perspective, your name a using the same first name as a mark of
reflects who you are. White Deer of respect
Autumn reflects what I've done. But b unusual names
as I go on in life, I may want to let go c ancestry
of that and take another name. I have d changing one's family name
that right. So, naming is the ability to e order of family names and given names
evolve and change in your identity. 4 Work in pairs. Choose two questions and
(White Deer of Autumn, Native American discuss.
writer)
• What influence does the state have on
What's in a name? That which we call names in your country? Can parents
a rose name a child anything they wish?
By any other name would smell as • Is it usual in your country or culture for
sweet. women to keep their maiden names on
(Juliet in Romeo and Juliet by William marrying?
Shakespeare) • Do you have a nickname? When did you
get it? Where does it come from?
From antiquity people have • Do you have an interesting username
recognised the connection between that you use on the internet? How did
naming and power. you choose that name?
(Casey Miller and Kate Swift, feminist writers)
Unit 5 Parents
Grammar and Pronunciation 4 Look at these sentences by parents. Decide
if they are a criticism or a statement of fact.
Then check with a partner: take turns to read
A parent will usually pass on their first
out a sentence with the correct stress.
name to their children as a family name.
People will often ask me about my name. 1 He just won't eat vegetables.
2 She just won't tidy her room up.
3 She will often play basketball after school.
1 Work in pairs. Read the sentences above
4 He'll usually go out on a Friday night.
from the listening and answer the questions.
5 They will leave their clothes lying all over
1 Underline the adverbs of time used with the floor.
the words. Do the sentences refer to past, 6 She will usually cook once a week.
present or future time?
2 Do the sentences refer to a particular 5 Complain to a partner about your children's /
occasion or regular behaviour? partner's / a friend's annoying habits. Use the
correct stress.
2 Complete the sentences with will / won't
My daughter will throw her clothes on the floor.
and the correct verb from the box.
C3 Grammar focus - explanation & more practice
be christened call mostly use of will for present habits on page 140
not often address typically give
Speaking
In Russia parents (1) a child Work in pairs and choose one of the tasks
three names. A child (2) with a below.
first name, a patronymic and a surname.
A Prepare a short presentation about naming
Today people (3) you by your
customs in your country. Think about:
first name and your patronym because
that sounds rather formal. People • number of names
• origin of first names: traditional, family,
(4) _ your first name but your
parents and / or people who know you creative names ...
• middle names — customary? another
well (5) you by your diminutive,
first name, a further family name or a
a sort of informal family name. Pasha is
patronymic?
the diminutive for Pavel, for example.
• family names: from mother or father?
any common names?
3 ^& 1.71 Listen. Underline will /won't Give your presentation to another group.
in the sentences where it is stressed. Then
choose the correct option for the rule below. B Prepare a short presentation about your
own name. First make notes:
1 Here in Germany women will keep their
own names. • Does your first name have a meaning?
2 In some countries, the state won't allow « Is your first name a traditional name, a
parents to give their children uncommon modern name or one your parents invented?
names. Are you named after somebody?
3 She won't accept that I'm all grown up. « Is your family name common in your
4 Some parents will insist on giving their country?
children strange names. • Do you like your name? What other
name would you have preferred?
• stress ivill / won't when the statement « Do you have family members with
is a statement of fact / a criticism interesting names?
Tell the rest of the group.
 earliest memory Writing Grammar
1 As part of a project about memory,
people were asked to submit their earliest They would all stand around, eating and
Now now fliere memories online. Read the ones at the sighing.
bottom of these pages. Which ones ... I used to drink a lot of milk -when Iwasyoungt
I used to be a vegetarian.
to, & • make you smile / make you feel sad?
I didn't use to eat meat.
« tell you something about the person?
I tried oysters once but 1 didn yt like them.
• make you think of a similar memory?
2 Match the quotations at the bottom of • to talk about repeated actions or habit-
Acjfrctives to in the past that don't happen now we
the pages to the senses in the box. Do the
texture use would or used to
writers make you feel / see / ... the things
they describe? • to talk about past states or conditions
that have changed, we only use used to
hearing sight smell taste touch • we don't use would or used to when we
memories
talk about a specific past event or to
describe something that happened a
3 Write about a childhood memory using
fixed number of times or for a fixed
one of these beginnings:
length of time; we use the past simple
Touching... Listening to... Smelling... for these situations
Looking at... Eating / Drinking ...
1 Underline more sentences with used to
and would in the text.
Reading
2 Complete the text with would or used to.
1 Read Now here, now there by Molly Sometimes both are possible.
Wizenberg about a childhood food
When I was a child we (1) (visit)
experience. Answer the questions.
my grandmother most days. She
1 Was the childhood experience positive (2) (live) just around the
or negative? corner and whenever we visited her she
2 What experience did she have 25 years (3) (always / give) us fantastic
later? food. She (4) (often / make)
2 Read the text again. Make notes on ... kibbeh (minced lamb mixed with bulgar
wheat and spices). I (5) (love) this.
1 why oysters were a part of her childhood.
My grandmother (6) (serve)
2 whether her family liked eating oysters.
it with thick pieces of onion. I (7) -
3 what Molly can remember about the
(not like ) raw onion, so I (8) , (eat)
oyster she ate as a child.
the kibbeh with pieces of flat bread.
4 why she tried another 2 5 years later.
I've never tasted anything like it since.
5 how she felt before she ate this second
oyster. • CT Grammar focus - explanation & more
practice of used to, would & past simple on
page 140

stable.
Trying to
Crawling along the hall with holes In marker off my tongue with a bar of soap.

vthe
a/7c//'no on my bare knees.

's house... the dirt smelling like day.

.
_

Now here, now there

I have two half brothers who live on the East Coast, and when I was a kid, if they came
home for the holidays, they used to bring a Styrofoam cooler of oysters. My father would
get out his knife and shucking glove and lean against the kitchen counter, flicking
grit and shells into the sink as he went, and they would all stand around, eating and
sighing, making the noises that people make when they eat oysters.
don't know how old I was that night, but I think I must have been about six.
Vocabulary I stood next to my father while he shucked, and he leaned down and gave me
an oyster, a fat one, an enormous one, amoeba-like, dripping with brine. I have
1 Using a dictionary to no memory of eating it. I must have forgotten on purpose. But I do know
help you, which of these that I ate it, approximately, if nearly choking can be considered eating,
words describes the texture and that it took me 25 years to eat another.
of oysters? Twenty-five years! When I get freaked out about something, I get
freaked out. The look of an oyster, the texture, the choking thing:
crunchy dry smooth I was alright with the idea of never eating a second.
But last year a cook at my restaurant shucked three oysters and put them on a plate
2 Which of these words describes how Then he dared me. I was tempted to punch him in the face. I was not pleased.
I picked up an oyster, stared at it, and felt like I was going to cry.
oysters taste for most people?
I made everyone look away, and then I ate it. Only one,
bitter delicious spicy and it was tiny, but I ate it. I chewed and everything. Molly Wizenberg
I didn't die. And when I swallowed, the flavor is the writer of the
rang around my mouth the way the ringing food blog Orangette
3 Decide if these words describe texture of a bell ricochets inside a cathedral, now and author of A
or taste. here, now there. It tasted like seawater Homemade Life: Stories
and melon and wet rocks. I didn't and Recipes from My
bland chewy disgusting lumpy even hate it.1 almost liked it. Kitchen Table. She lives
in Seattle, where she
soggy sour sticky greasy and her husband own
Glossary
the restaurant Delancey.
shuck (verb, AE) - to remove the shell Molly likes peanut
4 Choose a word or words from exercises 1-3 grit (noun) - very small pieces of stone or sand butter, meatballs,
to describe ... brine (noun) - water that contains a lot of salt sausage, French apple
turnovers, chocolate,
ricochet (verb) - to move from one surface to another ice cream, and
unripe oranges food cooked in too much oil
nectarines - although
old fish food without herbs and spices preferably not all
n mv feet.
fresh vegetables at once.

5 Work in pairs. Describe the taste and texture of

your favourite food and a food or dish you can't stand.

Speaking
Think of foods you regularly ate in your childhood
(at home, at your grandparents, at school or
on holiday). Then tell a partner about your
childhood eating habits. Use would or used to
and some of the words to describe food <s.
in Vocabulary exercise 1. \,<x>

«e&
«ft
OF
&»+
^
•-t«< rn round in the
***

stl'nging 1716 when'

'"sir*
 Children

P0rt4

Listening & Speaking

Children of their time Listening and Speaking
Extend
*. your
* .•v
1 You are going to listen to a lecture which
Extend your vocabulary starts off with the words 'Every child, every
Prefixes with self-control self-centred -
generation is a product of their times.' Do
self-esteem self-confident
you think this statement is true?
Grammar self-pity self-conscious
b0 used to / get used to 2 Work in pairs and decide which things self-respect self-righteous
you think give a generation their identity. 1 Which of the nouns and adjectives have
Pronunciation a positive meaning, which have a negative
Rank the list below in order of importance meaning, which are neutral?
Consonant clusters (1-7). Then compare with another pair. 2 Pick the word which best fits the
the political situation descriptions below.
Speaking t
the economic situation 1 'He has such an ego! He thinks everything
Generation gap; find is about him!'
important historic events
someone who ... 2 'Poor girl. She's so worried about how stm
scientific and technological developments looks and what people think of her.'
population trends 3 'It's about not showing you're angry even]
fashion when you are.'
music 4 To listen to him you'd think he'd never
done anything wrong in his life.'
3 ^§t 1 .72 Listen to the lecture and answer 5 'It's no good feeling sorry for yourself.'
the questions.
1 What generation is being discussed?
When were they born? Grammar
2 Which of the things in exercise 2 has
shaped this generation, according to the They are not used to standing on their own
speaker? feet.
4 Listen again. Are these sentences true (7) They are still getting used to sending emails.
or false (F)?
Generally speaking, this generation . . . 1 Complete the sentences with older
1 is fairly selfish: generations or members of generation Y.
2 is independent. According to the speaker ...
3 can do several things at once. 1 are not used to standing on
4 lacks new ideas. their own feet.
5 crosses national boundaries. are still getting used to
6 is loyal to employers. sending emails.
5 Discuss one of these questions with a are used to multitasking.
partner. have had to get used to
consumerism.
« Do you see yourself as belonging to a
particular generation? What characterises 2 Complete the rules about be used to and
this generation? get used to.
» How do you think the generation born
between 2000 and 2020 will be different? • to talk about a situation which you are
comfortable with, you use +
verb + or noun
• to talk about a situation you are
becoming or have become comfortable
with you use _ __ + verb -t-
or noun

Unit 5 Children
3 Rephrase the phrases in red using the Pronunciation
correct form of be used to or get used to.
1 ^& 1.73 Listen to words from the listening which
Different generations of workers in the contain consonant clusters (two or three consonants)
workplace can cause conflict. Older at the beginning. Repeat the words.
generations (1) have no problem with working
long hours and weekends and (2) are familiar creative flexible previous spoilt spread
with taking orders from a boss. However they strong switch throughout
can have trouble (3) becoming accustomed to
new technology. Middle-aged workers as a rule 2 *Si 1.74 Work in pairs. Complete the missing
(4) find it easy to do tasks without supervision. consonants in these clusters at the end of words with
However, due to the uncertain economic the letters from the box. Then listen and repeat.
situation in some countries, they have had to
(5) adapt to not having a permanent job. The cts fth gth It mpt nks nt nth,
younger generation (6) knows how to work in pth th
teams. But many are new to the workforce and
1 It's a difficu situation, a generation gap.
will have to (7) learn how to function in a work
2 He's worked here for three mo s.
environment. Members of generation Y
3 He started on the fi
(8) are in the habit of getting results
4 He's made a good atte_ i. to do the job.
quickly, so they need tasks broken down into
5 But he's out of his de__.
manageable stages.
6 I went to great len_ ___s to help him.
7 He thL J2 he knows more than me.
4 Work with a partner of a similar age 8 He expe_ — respect because of his age.
and complete the sentences about your 9 I gave him a few hi s.
generation. 10 Then I had to tell him a few tru s.
1 My generation is used to ...
2 We are still getting used to ... Speaking
3 We haven't got used to ...
1 Walk around the class. Ask questions to find
4 I don't think we'll ever get used to ...
someone who ... (Take care to pronounce consonant
1 Grammar focus - explanation & more clusters clearly.)
practice of be used to / get used to on page 140
Find someone who ...
• has a page on a social networking site.
• used to watch black and white TV.
» learnt to use computers in primary school.
• has worked for one company throughout most of
their life.
• expects to retire in the next ten years.
• can't get used to using DVD players.
• is used to sending text messages regularly.
• uses instant messaging.
• has never attempted to blog.
• remembers watching Armstrong's moon landing
on TV
2 Tell the class if you were surprised by any of the
answers.

3 Do you think there is such a thing as 'the

generation gap'? Explain why or why not.

Children Unit 5
Function globally

Warm up Language focus: changing the topic

Look at the photos above. Working with a partner, try 1 The following are key words the speakers used to
to find a way you could link these images together into a change the topic of conversation. Can you remember the
conversation. whole phrase?
speaking (2 words) speaking of
Listening reminds (3 words)
way (3 words)
1,75-1,78 Listen to four short conversations. Tick
forget (3 words)
(•) the topics you hear from the list below. There are two
just remembered (5 words)
extra topics you don't need.
an Italian friend 2 ^5> 1.79 Listen to the phrases to check your answers.
a situation at the airport Then repeat the phrases, adding your own ideas.
a sandwich bar
a dinner for staff Speaking
the cinema
Work in pairs, A and B. You are going to talk about various
a party
topics. A: start with the first topic on the left.
2 Each of the topics in exercise 1 was the first topic of one B: try to change so you both speak about the second topic.
of the conversations. Listen again. What was the second
A: listen to B and then try to change to the third topic.
topic in each conversation?

SOMETHING YOUR
A NICE
fOU REMEMBER YOUR ^ MOTHER'S YOUR PRICES ARE
PRESENT YOU
FROM PARENTS W OR FATHER'S BIRTHDAY GOING UP
RECEIVED
CHILDHOOD BIRTHDAY

Unit 5 Function globally

 Learning to talk
Global English by David Crystal

When do children start to talk? If you ask a group of parents when this happened, most will say 'around
twelve months of age'. They will probably even remember what the children said. Many parents keep a diary
of their child's 'first words'.
We can never predict what a first word is going to be. Often it's the name for 'mummy' or 'daddy', but it could just
as easily be the word for an animal or a favourite toy. Everything depends on what has most captured the child's
attention. But one thing is certain: after the first word, others come quickly. By 18 months, most children have learned
about 50 words. By two, the total has risen to around 200.
Early words are actually one-word sentences. One of the first features of language a child learns well is to control
the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating and questioning. In English, daddy with a high
rising tone means 'is that daddy?' Daddy with a high falling tone means There's daddy'. Of course, only very basic
meanings can be communicated using intonation alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar.
In English, grammar chiefly means learning to put words in different orders. Children have to see that mummy push is
different from push mummy. They start practising such changes at around 18 months. By two, they have learned the
basic patterns of word order, and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go?
What are the parents doing, all this time? They're acting as teachers. Here's a typical exchange
between a mother and child:
'Of
Mother: What's that?
Child: Dog.
Mother: That's right, it's a dog. A big black dog.
The mother is doing what teachers do when they want their students to learn: she's reinforcing
the correct answer. Notice too how she shows the child some new grammar at the same time -
by putting dog into a longer sentence - and also how she points the child in the direction of some
new vocabulary. Parents always have an active role to play in their child's language learning.

Warm up 3 Each of the following sentences has one error in word

order. Without looking back at the text, correct the error.
1 Read the following examples of an English child's early
1 Parents even will probably jemember what the children
language. Put them in order from youngest to oldest.
said.
^ No mummy! I don't want. 2 Everything depends on what has^captured most the
I don't want cake. Mummy? child's attention.
I no want. Mummy 3 So soon becomes it necessary to learn some grammar.
2 Do you think a child's language develops in the same 4 In English, grammar chiefly means learning to put
way in your language? words in orders different.
s The mother is doing what teachers do when they want
to learn their students.
Reading
1 Read Learning to talk and put the paragraph titles in Speaking
order.
1 Work individually. Choose two of the questions below
- Correcting words Words come quickly and think of your answers.
. The first words — Words or sentences?
• What were your child or children's first words? How old
. Word order
were they?
Read the text again and answer the questions. • Is it a good or bad thing for young children to be
What determines a child's first words? exposed to many languages?
How can one word constitute a sentence? • Do children learn English at school? When do they
What is "the difference between a high rising tone and a start? Do you think this is a good thing?
high falling tone? • Who is most responsible for the way a child speaks, in
What is the most basic element of English grammar? your opinion: parents, teachers or friends?
How do parents teach children to talk? 2 Work in pairs. Compare your answers to exercise 1.

Global English Unit 5

 Writing

Reading 2 Choose the correct option.

1 Paulina's parents had strict I lenient / different opinions
1 Read Paulina's article about her upbringing. Choose the
about bringing up children.
best title:
2 Her father often I sometimes / never used to get angry
Thanks, Mum and Dad! with her.
Why punishment does not always work 3 She found the differences between her parents confusing I
The importance of table manners annoying I helpful.
4 Her family were relaxed I strict I lenient about table
manners.
There are always two sides to any situation. In the case 5 She bad to I didn 't have to / was allowed to eat everything
of my upbringing, it was neither completely strict, nor on her plate.
completely lenient because my parents were totally different 6 She was often I sometimes / never allowed to eat sweets.
in their views on discipline. For my mother, everything was 7 She thinks punishment spoiled I helped I damaged her.
black and white; she had clear rules about how we should
behave, and there were punishments if we did not obey. My 8 She particularly appreciated the rules I guidelines I treats
father, on the other hand, was always calm and incapable her parents gave her.
of telling us to do something that we didn't agree with.
Sometimes I used to complain to him about my mother and Writing skills: writing an article for a
he would try to explain her reactions. I think this has taught
me how to deal with conflicts and reach a compromise. magazine or website
Something that I learnt from both my parents was the A Features of a good article
importance of having respect for other people. I remember
one day when we were travelling on a bus and I sat down 1 Tick (•) the four features that you think are the most
while other people were standing. She shouted at me 'Get important in a magazine article.
up immediately! You have young legs and you don't need to 1 An attention-grabbing title.
sit down'. At the time I felt very embarrassed about being
told off in public, but now I understand. I think children 2 An interesting first line.
nowadays have lost that respect and it really irritates me if I 3 Colourful or descriptive language.
see children sitting down while older people are standing. 4 Questions to make the reader think.
One area in which we had a lot of rules was table manners. 5 A style that is neither too formal nor too informal.
For example, we weren't allowed to start our meal until 6 Personal experiences.
the oldest person had started. We had to say 'thank you' 7 Clear and strong opinions.
when our food was served, and eat everything on our plates
before we could leave the table. We couldn't make any 8 A thought-provoking ending.
noise, such as smacking our lips, burping, or stirring our
tea or coffee loudly. Worse than that, we were only allowed 2 Work in pairs and discuss your ideas. To what extent has
to have sweets at the weekend, as a special treat if we had Paulina included these features in her article?
been good.
Although my upbringing was perhaps a bit strict compared B Giving examples
with modern children, I'm very grateful to my parents
for giving me a clear direction in life. Even.though I was Another way to make an article more interesting is to
sometimes punished, I think it has made me a better person. give clear, concrete examples
In my view, children need clear rules, but more than that
they need to learn how to get on with other people and a In the case of my upbringing, it was neither completely strict, nor
realise they are not the centre of the world. completely lenient.
b Take my own upbringing, for example. It was neither very strict
nor very lenient.
c One area in which we had a lot of rules was table manners. For
example, we weren't allowed to start our meal until the oldest person
had started.
A We couldn 't make any noise, such as smacking our lips.
 In which sentences in the examples on page 64 could Developing your speaking skills
. \ise like and for instance'?
Speaking consists of different skills:
Complete the sentences with one of the expressions fluency ~-~^_^ ____ • range of vocabulary
64. ' and
Speaking
My mother was very strict about our studies ,
accuracy " — pronunciation
we had to do our homework every afternoon before our
meal. 1 Read the statements about speaking problems. Match
We sometimes got into trouble because we disobeyed each statement to one of the skills above.
the rules the day we played football with our 1 I speak too slowly because I am translating from my
rriend Martin, for instance. language.
Some parents don't care about what their children do. 2 Sometimes people can't understand my accent.
my father, it was very different. 3 I know the rule when people correct me but I still
- We weren't allowed to eat junk food make the same mistakes.
chocolate or crisps. 4 I often pause to think about what I want to say.
s Sometimes I feel frustrated because I can't express my
Preparing to write ideas in detail.
Read Talking about your upbringing below. Complete the 6 I wish I sounded more like a native speaker.
>entences so that they are true for you. 7 I've never learned the rules so my grammar is often
incorrect.
2 Read your sentences to a partner, and ask and answer 8 I only know one way to make requests. I need to
:uestions about them. know more, for different situations.

3 Together, think of a good title for articles describing Work in pairs and discuss your ideas. Do you share any
each of your experiences. of these problems? Which of the skills do you need to
improve most?
.diking about your up
2 Here are some strategies for improving speaking.
• My upbringing was quite strict I very strict I lenient Which skill or skills do you think each one develops?
• My parents had clear / a lot of / some rules about...
• I wasn't allowed to ... * Record yourself speaking. Play the recording
• I couldn't... and note your errors. Then do the task again.
• I had to ... * Do the same as above, but this time plan more
• Something that I learned from my parents was ... varied words and grammatical structures.
• I'm grateful to my parents for... * Work with a pronunciation website or CD.
• I think this has taught me how to ...
* Ask your partner or friends to correct you.
* Rehearse conversations in English in your head.
Writing
* Before having a conversation, plan words and
Use your notes and discussion to write an article about phrases that you could use.
your upbringing. Include some of the features of a
°;ood article. * Listen to a recording by a native speaker and
copy their pronunciation. Then practise speaking
as you listen to the recording.
* Memorise dialogues and useful conversation
expressions.

3 Work in pairs. Choose two strategies to try out.

' Writing &