INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 14230-2

Third edition
2016-08-15

Road vehicles — Diagnostic

communication over K-Line (DoK-
Line) —
Part 2:
Data link layer
Véhicules routiers —
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PREVIEW
(DoK-Line) —
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Partie 2: Couche de liaison de données

ISO 14230-2:2016
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Reference number
ISO 14230-2:2016(E)

© ISO 2016
ISO 14230-2:2016(E)


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ISO 14230-2:2016
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1aac270738c2/iso-14230-2-2016

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Contents Page

Foreword...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms........................................................................................................ 1
3.1 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................................................................ 1
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms............................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Conventions................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
5 Document overview........................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
6 Physical bus topology....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7 Data link layer overview................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
7.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
7.2 Format description of data link layer services............................................................................................................. 7
7.3 Services provided by the data link layer to higher layers................................................................................... 7
7.4 Specification of DoK-Line data link layer service primitives............................................................................ 8
7.4.1 DL_Data.request................................................................................................................................................................ 8
7.4.2 DL_Data.confirm................................................................................................................................................................ 8
7.4.3 DL_Data_FB.indication................................................................................................................................................. 9
7.4.4 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
DL_Data.indication.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
7.4.5 DoK-Line_Init.request................................................................................................................................................... 9
7.4.6 (standards.iteh.ai)
DoK-Line_Initialize.confirm..................................................................................................................................... 9
7.4.7 DoK-Line_ChangeParameter.request............................................................................................................ 10
7.4.8 DoK-Line_ChangeParameter.confirm ISO 14230-2:2016 ........................................................................................................... 10
7.5 Service data unit specification................................................................................................................................................. 10
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7.5.1 SA, Source Address 1aac270738c2/iso-14230-2-2016
....................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.5.2 TA, Target Address........................................................................................................................................................ 10
7.5.3 TAtype, target address type.................................................................................................................................. 11
7.5.4 <Length>............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
7.5.5 <MessageData>............................................................................................................................................................... 11
7.5.6 <Result_DoK-Line>....................................................................................................................................................... 11
7.5.7 <InitializationModeIdentifier>.......................................................................................................................... 12
7.5.8 <InitializationResultData>.................................................................................................................................... 12
7.5.9 <Result_Initialization>.............................................................................................................................................. 12
7.5.10 <Parameter_Value>...................................................................................................................................................... 13
7.5.11 <Result_ChangeParameter>................................................................................................................................. 13
8 Protocol initialization...................................................................................................................................................................................14
8.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
8.2 Timing parameters for 5-BAUD_INIT................................................................................................................................ 14
8.3 Protocol determination................................................................................................................................................................. 14
8.3.1 5-BAUD_INIT according to ISO 9141............................................................................................................ 14
8.3.2 5-BAUD_INIT according to this document............................................................................................... 16
8.3.3 FAST_INIT according to this document...................................................................................................... 17
8.3.4 FAST_INIT according to ISO 14230–4.......................................................................................................... 19
8.3.5 Client protocol determination by server (ECU) key bytes......................................................... 20
8.3.6 Initial data exchange after successful completion of initialization.................................... 22
8.4 Protocol specific key bytes.......................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.4.1 Format of key bytes..................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.4.2 Key bytes for emissions-related OBD protocols of ISO 9141‑2............................................. 23
8.4.3 Key bytes for emissions-related OBD protocol ISO 14230-4................................................... 23
8.4.4 Key bytes for enhanced diagnostics with support of ISO 14230‑4.................................... 24
8.4.5 Calculation of decimal value of key bytes................................................................................................. 25

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9 Message definition............................................................................................................................................................................................25
9.1 Message structure.............................................................................................................................................................................. 25
9.2 Message header.................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
9.2.1 Format byte (FMT)....................................................................................................................................................... 26
9.2.2 Target address byte (TA)......................................................................................................................................... 26
9.2.3 Source address byte (SA)........................................................................................................................................ 27
9.2.4 Length byte (LEN)......................................................................................................................................................... 27
9.2.5 Message header configurations........................................................................................................................ 27
9.3 Protocol data unit (PDU).............................................................................................................................................................. 28
9.4 Checksum byte (CS).......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
10 Protocol timing requirements..............................................................................................................................................................29
10.1 General timing measurement requirements............................................................................................................... 29
10.2 Protocol timing parameter definition............................................................................................................................... 29
10.2.1 Inter-byte and inter-message timing parameters............................................................................. 29
10.2.2 Inter-byte timing parameter set....................................................................................................................... 29
10.3 Inter-byte message timing.......................................................................................................................................................... 30
10.4 Data link layer timing at T-Data interface...................................................................................................................... 32
11 Communication services............................................................................................................................................................................34
11.1 StartCommunication service.................................................................................................................................................... 34
11.1.1 Service definition.......................................................................................................................................................... 34
11.1.2 Implementation.............................................................................................................................................................. 35
11.2 StopCommunication service..................................................................................................................................................... 36
11.2.1 Service definition.......................................................................................................................................................... 36
11.2.2 Implementation.............................................................................................................................................................. 36
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11.3 AccessTimingParameter service............................................................................................................................................ 37
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11.3.1 Service definition.......................................................................................................................................................... 37
11.3.2 Implementation.............................................................................................................................................................. 38
11.4 SendData service.................................................................................................................................................................................
ISO 14230-2:2016 40
11.4.1 Service definition ..........................................................................................................................................................
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12 Data collisions.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
1aac270738c2/iso-14230-2-2016 41
13 Error handling......................................................................................................................................................................................................41
13.1 Error handling during physical/functional 5-BAUD initialization........................................................... 41
13.1.1 Client (external test equipment) error handling during physical/
functional 5-BAUD-INIT.......................................................................................................................................... 41
13.1.2 Server (ECU) error handling during physical/functional 5-BAUD_INIT....................... 42
13.2 Error handling during physical/functional FAST_INIT...................................................................................... 42
13.2.1 Client (external test equipment) error handling during physical/
functional FAST_INIT.................................................................................................................................................. 42
13.2.2 Server (ECU) error handling during physical FAST_INIT........................................................... 43
13.2.3 Server (ECU) error handling during functional FAST_INIT (normal timing only).43
13.3 Error handling after physical/functional initialization..................................................................................... 44
13.3.1 Client (external test equipment) communication error handling (after
physical/functional initialization).................................................................................................................. 44
13.3.2 Server (ECU) communication error handling after physical initialization.................. 44
13.3.3 Server (ECU) error handling after functional initialization...................................................... 45
Annex A (normative) Server and client addresses for 5-BAUD_INIT................................................................................46
Annex B (informative) Recommended server and client addresses.................................................................................47
Annex C (informative) Protocol comparison of initialization sequence.......................................................................48
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 49

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
(standards.iteh.ai)
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 31, Data
communication.
ISO 14230-2:2016
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 14230-2:2013), which has been
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technically revised. 1aac270738c2/iso-14230-2-2016
A list of parts in the ISO 14230 series can be found on the ISO website.

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ISO 14230-2:2016(E)


Introduction
This document has been established in order to define common requirements for vehicle diagnostic
systems implemented on K-Line (UART based) communication link, as specified in ISO 14230-1.
To achieve this, it is based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Basic Reference Model in
accordance with ISO/IEC 7498-1 and ISO/IEC 10731, which structures communication systems into
seven layers. When mapped on this model, the services specified by ISO 14230 are broken into the
following:
— Diagnostic services (layer 7), specified in ISO 14229-1, ISO 14229-6;
— Presentation layer (layer 6):
— vehicle manufacturer specific;
— legislated WWH-OBD: ISO 27145-2, SAE 1930-DA, SAE J1979-DA, SAE J2012-DA, SAE J1939:2011,
Appendix C (SPN), SAE J1939-73:2010, Appendix A (FMI);
— Session layer services (layer 5):
— legislated OBD: specified in ISO 14229-2;
— legislated WWH-OBD: specified in ISO 14229-2;
— Transport layer services (layer 4), specified in ISO 14230-2;
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— Network layer services (layer 3), specified in ISO 14230-2;
(standards.iteh.ai)
— Data link layer (layer 2), specified in ISO 14230-4, ISO 14230-2;
ISO 14230-2:2016
— Physical layer (layer 1), specified in ISO 14230-1;
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in accordance with Table 1. 1aac270738c2/iso-14230-2-2016

Table 1 — Enhanced and legislated OBD diagnostic specifications applicable to the OSI layers
Enhanced Legislated OBD Legislated WWH-OBD
OSI seven layera
diagnostics (On-Board Diagnostics) (On-Board Diagnostics)
ISO 14229-1,
Application (layer 7) ISO 15031-5 ISO 14229-1, ISO 27145-3
ISO 14229-6
ISO 15031-2, ISO 27145-2, SAE 1930-DA,
ISO 15031-5, SAE J1979-DA, SAE J2012-DA,
vehicle
Presentation ISO 15031-6, SAE J1939:2011,
manufacturer
(layer 6) SAE J1930-DA, Appendix C (SPN),
specific
SAE J1979-DA, SAE J1939–73:2010,
SAE J2012-DA Appendix A (FMI)
Session (layer 5) ISO 14229-2
Transport (layer 4) ISO 15765-4,
ISO 14230-2 ISO 15765-2
Network (layer 3) ISO 15765-2

ISO 15765-4 ISO 15765-4, ISO 27145-4

Data link (layer 2) ISO 14230-2 ISO 11898-1
ISO 11898-1
ISO 11898-1, ISO 11898-1,
Physical (layer 1) ISO 14230-1
ISO 11898-2 ISO 11898-2
a Seven layers according to ISO/IEC 7498-1 and ISO/IEC 10731.

The application layer services covered by ISO 14229-6 have been defined in compliance with diagnostic
services established in ISO 14229-1 and ISO 15031-5, but are not limited to use only with them.

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ISO 14229-6 is also compatible with most diagnostic services defined in national standards or vehicle
manufacturer’s specifications.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14230-2:2016(E)

Road vehicles — Diagnostic communication over K-Line

(DoK-Line) —
Part 2:
Data link layer

1 Scope
This document specifies data link layer services tailored to meet the requirements of UART-based
vehicle communication systems on K-Line as specified in ISO 14230-1. It has been defined in accordance
with the diagnostic services established in ISO 14229-1 and ISO 15031-5, but is not limited to use
with them and is also compatible with most other communication needs for in-vehicle networks. The
protocol specifies an unconfirmed communication.
The diagnostic communication over K-Line (DoK-Line) protocol supports the standardized service
primitive interface as specified in ISO 14229-2.
This document provides the data link layer services to support different application layer
implementations like the following:
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— enhanced vehicle diagnostics (emissions-related system diagnostics beyond legislated functionality,
(standards.iteh.ai)
non-emissions-related system diagnostics);
— emissions-related OBD as specified in ISOISO 15031, SAE J1979-DA and SAE J2012-DA;
14230-2:2016
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— in addition, this document clarifies the differences in initialization for K-line protocols defined
1aac270738c2/iso-14230-2-2016
in ISO 9141 and ISO 14230. This is important since a server supports only one of the protocols
mentioned above and the client has to handle the coexistence of all protocols during the protocol
determination procedure.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14230-4, Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems — Keyword Protocol 2000 — Part 4: Requirements for
emission-related systems

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms

3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

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ISO 14230-2:2016(E)


3.1.1
5 baud initialization
5-BAUD_INIT
starts with bus idle and ends with inverted address byte sent by the server
3.1.2
fast initialization
FAST_INIT
starts with bus idle and ends with the reception of all positive responses of the StartCommunication
service from all addressed servers
3.1.3
topology
serial link between client and servers and consists of a K-Line and an optional L-Line
3.1.4
server
function that is part of an electronic control unit and that provides the diagnostic services
3.1.5
client
function that is part of the tester and that makes use of the diagnostic services
Note 1 to entry: A tester normally makes use of other functions such as database management, specific
interpretation, human-machine interface.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
(standards.iteh.ai)
5-BAUD_INIT 5-baud initialization
ISO 14230-2:2016
ISO 9141-2 5-BAUD_INIT https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/b3ba9e8a-d800-4936-a739-
Protocol on K-Line according to ISO 9141-2 including 5-BAUD_INIT
1aac270738c2/iso-14230-2-2016
ISO 14230-2 5-BAUD_INIT Protocol on K-Line according to ISO 14230-2 including 5-BAUD_INIT

ISO 14230-2 FAST_INIT Protocol on K-Line according to ISO 14230-2 including FAST_INIT

ISO 14230-4 5-BAUD_INIT Protocol on K-Line according to ISO 14230-4 including 5-BAUD_INIT

ISO 14230-4 FAST_INIT Protocol on K-Line according to ISO 14230-4 including FAST_INIT

bus converter electronic control unit that links bus systems

client external test equipment

confirm confirmation service primitive

Cvt Convention: M = mandatory, C = conditional, U = user-optional

ECU electronic control unit

FAST_INIT fast initialization

FB first byte

FMT format byte

gateway linking hardware between bus systems

DA destination address

DoK-Line Diagnostic communication over K-Line

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 ISO 14230-2:2016(E)


DoK-Line_SA data link source address

DoK-Line_TA data link target address

DoK-Line_TAtype data link target address type

indication indication service primitive

LEN Length byte

Mtype message type

request request service primitive

DL_Data data link data

DoK-Line_PCI data link protocol control information

DoK-Line_PCItype data link protocol control information type

DoK-Line_PDU data link protocol data unit

DoK-Line_SA data link source address

DoK-Line_SDU data link service data unit

P1Receiver iTehinter-byte
STANDARD PREVIEW
timing parameter of the server

P2Server (standards.iteh.ai)
time between client request and server response or two server responses

P3Client time between ISOend of server responses and start of new client request
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P4Sender inter-byte timing parameter of the client
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SA source address

server electronic control unit (ECU)

TA target address

UART universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter

WUP wake up pattern

4 Conventions
This document is based on the conventions discussed in the OSI Service Conventions (ISO/IEC 10731)
as they apply for diagnostic services.
These conventions specify the interactions between the service user and the service provider.
Information is passed between the service user and the service provider by service primitives, which
may convey parameters.
Figure 1 summarizes the distinction between service and protocol.

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ISO 14230-2:2016(E)


Figure 1 — Services and protocol

NOTE iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Figure 1 does not show the confirmation generated on the transmitter side of the message.
(standards.iteh.ai)
This document defines confirmed services. The confirmed services use the three service primitives
request, indication and confirmation.
ISO 14230-2:2016
For all services defined in this document, the request and indication service primitives always have the
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5 Document overview
Figure 2 shows the diagnostic communication over K-Line document reference according to OSI model.

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(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 14230-2:2016
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Figure 2 — DoK-Line document reference according to OSI model

6 Physical bus topology

DoK-Line is a bus concept based on a serial link consisting of one or two physical lines.

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Figure 3 shows the server and client topology.

Key
1 K-Line
2 L-Line (optional)

Figure 3 — Server and client topology

“K-Line” is used for communication and initialization, “L-Line” (optional) is used for initialization only.
Special cases are node-to-node connection that means only one server (ECU) on the line, which also can
be a bus converter.
The following recommendations apply:
— it is recommended to no longer support the L-Line in server (ECU) hardware;
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— client (external test equipment) hardware shall support the L-Line if compliance to ISO 15031-4 is
required.
(standards.iteh.ai)
For more detail, refer to ISO 14230-1 “K-/L-line configurations”.
ISO 14230-2:2016
Figure 4 illustrates an example of multiple servers (ECUs) connected with the K-Line to the client
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(external test equipment). Server 1.2 (ECU1aac270738c2/iso-14230-2-2016
1.2) functions as a gateway (bus converter) and is operating
on a bus system (e.g. ISO 15765, SAE J1850).

Key
1 K-Line
2 arbitrary bus system

Figure 4 — Gateway topology example

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7 Data link layer overview

7.1 General
This document specifies the data link layer services which are used in client-server based systems
to transmit data from one to the other entity. The client, referred to as external test equipment, uses
the data link layer services to transfer diagnostic request data to one or more servers, referred to as
an ECU. The server, usually a function that is part of an ECU, uses the data link layer services to send
response data, provided by the requested diagnostic service, back to the client. The client is usually
external test equipment, but can in some systems also be an on-board test equipment. The usage of data
link layer services is independent from the external test equipment being an off-board or on-board test
equipment. It is possible to have more than one client (test equipment) in the same vehicle system.
In order to describe the function of the data link layer, services provided to higher layers and the
internal operation of the data link layer has to be considered.

7.2 Format description of data link layer services

All data link layer services have the same general format. Service primitives are written in the form:
service_name.type (
[parameter 1, parameter 2, parameter 3, ...]
)
where

service_name iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

is the name of the diagnostic service (i.e. DL_Data);

type (standards.iteh.ai)
indicates the type of the service primitive (i.e. request);

[parameter 1, ...] are parameters that ISOdepend on the specific service (i.e. parameter 1 can be the
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source address of the sender). The brackets indicate that this part of the parame-
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ter list may be empty.
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7.3 Services provided by the data link layer to higher layers

The data link layer service interface defines a set of services that are needed to access the functions
offered by the data link layer, i.e. transmission/reception of data, setting of data link layer parameters.
The service access point of the data link layer provides the following service primitives as specified.
— Using the service primitive request (service_name.request), a service user requests a service
from the service provider.
— Using the service primitive indication (service_name.indication), the service provider informs a
service user about an internal event of the network layer or the service request of a peer protocol
layer entity service user.
— With the service primitive confirm (service_name.confirm), the service provider informs the
service user about the result of a preceding service request of the service user.
The following three types of services are defined.
a) Initialization services
These services, of which the following are defined, provide the functionality to perform the
initialization of the DoK-Line communication.
— DoK-Line_Initialize.request: this service is used to request the DoK-Line communication.
— DoK-Line_Initialize.confirm: this service confirms to the higher layers that the DoK-Line
communication has been carried out (successfully or not).

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