Theme-1

NUMBER SYSTEM
INTEGERS

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Integers () -5,-4,-3,-2, -1,0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
*********'')
-5,-4,-3,-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

Negatives of natural numbers Zero Natural Numbers

Positive integers =
= 1,2, 3, 4, 5, *******

Negative integers=I
.-8,-7,-6, -5,-4,-3,-2,-1
Negatives of natural numbers

side.
1. Positive integers go upto infinity on the right side of 0 (zero), i.e. on positive
side.
Negative integers go upto infinity on the left side of 0 (zero), i.e. negative
on
2.
3. Zero (0) is simply an integer. It is neither negative nor positive.

1.2 MULTIPLICATION (Product) OF INTEGERS

1. The product of two integers of the same sign is always positive.
i.e. (one positive integer) x (another positive integer) = a positive integer
and (one negative integer) x (another negative integer) = a positive integer

(+ve) x (+ve) = + ve

and (-ve) x (-ve) = +ve.

Forexample
() 5x4 20 and (-5)x(4) = 20

and -7x-6 = 42
(i) 7x6 4 2
and
(ii) 15x8 120 and (-15) x (-8) =120; so on.

is negative.
2. The product of one postive integer and one negative integer always
ie (one positive integer) x (one negative integer) = a negative integer
and (one negative integer) x (one positive integer) = a negative integer

(4ve) x (-ve) = ve
-

and (-ve) x (+ve) = ve.

Forexample
-20 and (-5) x 4 = -20
() 5x(4) =

7x (-6) -42 and (-7) x 6 -42

(i) =

(ii) 15x (-8) = -120 and -15) x 8 =

-120; and so on.

Integers
 1.3 PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION OF INTEGERSs
1. Closure Property
The multiplication (product) of two integers is always an integer
That is: If m and n are integers, then m xn mn, which is also =

an inte0r
For example ger
() 5 is an integer and 6 is
integer, then their product 5 x 6 30 is a
an

96 is aalso teger
(i) 8 is an integer and-12 is an integer, then their product 8 x -12
-96 =

an
(ii) -15 and-6 are integers, then (-15) x (-6) 90 is also an
integer. integer
=

(iv) -13 and 8 are

integers and so (-13) x8 =-104 is also an integer; ands
sO on
2. Commutative Property i.e. Commutativity
According to this property, if m and n are two integers, then mxn=
Consider the following table nxm

m n mxn n x m
Is mxn= nxm?
1. 6 7 6x7 42
2.
7x6 42 Yes
-10 8 (-10)x 8 = -80 8 x(-10)=-80
3. -15 7 -15)x (-7) = 105
Yes
-7) x (-15) =105
4. 21 6
Yes
21x (-6) = -126 -6) x 21 =-126
Yes
3.
Associative Property i.e. Associativity:
According to this
property, if I, m and n are three integers, thenix (mx n)
Consider the following table
=
(lxm)xn
m n Ix (mx n)
xm)xxn Islx (mx )
= (x mx n?
1. 5 32 5x
(3x2)= 5x6 30 (5 x 3) x 2 15x 2-30 Yes
2 5 3 2 5x
85
(3x2)=-5x6 -30-5x3) x 2 =-15 x2=-30
=

Yes
8x(-5x 4) =8x (-20) -160 (8x-5) x4=-40 4--160
4 =
x Yes
4 4-3-5 4x-3x-5)=4x 15 60 4x-3)
x-5=-12x-5=60
=
Yes
4 Distributive Property Le. Distributivity
According
to this property, if 1, m and n are three integers, then
Ix (m+ n) =lx m+ lxn
ie
multiplication is distributive over addition.
Consider the following table :

1. 5 7 2 Ix (m+ n) =5x (7 +2)=

and x
5 x9 45
m+Ix n= 5 x7+ 5x 2 35 + 10 45
Ix (m +n) =Ix m+lxn
 2. 8-9 5 Ix (m+ n) =8 x (-9 +5) =8x-4 =-32
and, Ix m +Ixn=8x-9 + 8x5= -72 +40=-32
Ix (m + n) =Ix m+lxn
Ix (m+ n) =-6 x (-15 +8) = -6 x-7 = 42
3.-6-15 8
Ixm+lxn=-6x-15 + (-6) x 8 90-48 42
I x (m + n) = lx m+Ixn

Note 1 Distributivity of multiplication over addition can also be stated as

(+m) x n = lxn+ mxn.

Note 2 Distributivity of multiplication over subtraction is also true

ie. Ix (m- n) =lx m-Ixn and (1- m) x n=lxn- mxn.

Forexample
Ifl=8, m =13 and n = 7, then
Ix (m- ) = 8 x (13-7)
= 8 x6 48

and I x m - 1 x n =8 x 13-8 x 7
= 104 -56 48
lx (m - n) = lx m-lxn

5. Existence of multiplicative identity

For every integer a, we have
ax1 a and 1 x a =a i.e. ax 1 = 1 x a = a
itself.
Multiplication of every integer a with integer 1 (one) gives the integer
a

Integer 1 is called the multiplicative identity.

For example
5x 1 5, 1 x5 = 5, -12 x 1 =-12, 1 x (-12) = -12 and so on.

6. Existence of mutiplicative inverse

1
For every integer
non-zero a, its multiplicative inverse will be
a
so that a x= 1, the

multiplicative identity.
Thus, the multiplicative inverse of integer exists if :
an

the integer x its multiplicative inverse 1, the multiplicative identity

Out of all the integers

() multiplicative inverse of 1 is 1 itself as 1x =1

1
(i) multiplicative inverse of -1 is -1 itself as 1 x -1 =1

Therefore, the inverse of all integers does not exist, as it is not true for all integers.

7. (i) 2x-3x-4
=- 24 [Product of three negative integers]
( ) 2 x-3x-4 x-5x-6
=-720 [Product of five negative integers]
(i)-2x-3x-4 x-5 x-6x-7x-8
= 40320 Product of seven negative integers]

Integers 3
 (). given above,
In we have multipliedthree negative integers and we found. nat the product
Is a negative integer.
integers gives a
(i). given above, multiplication of 5-negative
negative in.
In
nteger.
In (ii). given above. multiplication of 7-negative integers gives a negative inte
Thus, we conclude that the product of an odd number of ative integers is alwa

8. ()-2 x-3 =6
gative
(i)-2 x-3x4x-5 120
(ii)-2 x -3 x-4x-5 x-6x-7 5040
In (). given above, the product of two negative integers gives a positive intener
In (i). given above, the product of four negative integers gives a positive integer
In (i). given above, the product of six negative integers gives a positive integer
Thus, we conclude that the product of an even number of negative integers is always Doeit.
oositive.
-a,) (-a) (-a) (-a,) Fa) upto odd number of negative
1. x x x

=- (a x a, x ag x a4 x as X
x x an
integers
a negative integer
2. (-a,) x(-a,) x (-a) x (-a) x .upto an even number of negative integers
a , X aa X a x a X .

a positive integer.

Example 1:
Evaluate
(i) 23x -3+ (-23) x 97 (i) 897 x 99 + 897 (ii) 1389 x 450 389 x 450
Solution
() 23x-3+(-23) x97
=
(-23) x 3+ (-23) x 97
=
(-23) x (3 + 97) -23 x 100 -2300=
(Ans.)
(i) 897x 99 897
897 x 99+ 897x 1
897x (99+1) 897x 100 89700
(Ans.)
() 1389x 450-389 x 450
(1389 389) x
=
450
=
1000x 450 =450000 (Ans)
Example 2
Evaluale () 3x5x6 (i) 3 x (-5) x 6
(qi) 3x (-5) x
(-6)
Solution (v) (-3) x
(-5) x (-6)
(0) 35x6= 90
(Ans.)
()
356has only one negative integer
.3-5 6s-90 (Ans)
(4H)3( 5) (-6) has
two negative integers and the product
duct of two
negative
itegers is always positive or
3(-5) (6)= 3
(V) -3) (-5) (-6) 30=90 (Ans.)
has three negative integers and the egative
integers is always negative product or u
-3) (-5) x (-6) - x
x
(3 5x6) =-90 =
(Ans.)

4 -7
Concise MATHEMATIcs Middle Schoo
Example 3
Evaluate
() (-2) x (4) x (-6) x (-5) (i) (-1) x (4) x (-5) x (-7) x (-8)
(in)-1) x
(-1) x (-1) x 20 times (iv)-1)
....
x (-1) x (-1) x
25 times
Solution
) Since the number of negative integers in the product is even, the result of this
product will be positive.
Hence, -2) x (-4) x (-6) x (-5) = 2 x 4 x 6 x5 240 (Ans)
(i) Since the number of negative integers in the product is odd, the result of this product
will be negative.
Hence, (-1) x (-4) x (-5) x (-7) x (-8) = -(1 x 4 x5x 7 x 8) = -1120 (Ans.)
(ii) Since the number of negative integers in the product is even, the result of this
product will be positive.
Hence, (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x (-1)x . 2 0 times
= 1x1x 1x 1x..... 20times =1 (Ans.)
(iv) Since the number of negative integers in the product is odd, the result of this product
will be negative.
Hence, (-1) x (-1)(-1) x (-1) x
x 25 times

25 times) =-1 (Ans.)

=-(1x 1x1x1x .
Example 4:
-3-2-1 o 1 2 3

Complete the adjoining multiplication

table -3
Is the multiplication table symmetrical
about the diagonal joining the upper
-2
corner ?
left corner to the lower right

Solution
table will be
The required multiplication
a sgiven below: 2

A 3
| 3
x-3-2-1 01 2
3 0-3-6-9
-3 9 6
AB is the diagonal joining
the upper left corner
-6
-2 6 4 2 0-24 to the lower right
corner.

-1 3 2 o-1-2 -3
0 oo 0 0
about
table is symmetric
-3 -2-1 0 2 3 Yes, the multiplication
the diagonal joining
the upper left corner
to the

2 -6 4-2 2 4 6 lower right corner.

-3 0 3 6 9
 EXERCISE 1(A)
1. Evaluate
(i) 427 x8 +2x 427 (i) 394 x 12 + 394x (-2) () 558 x 27 3x
558
2. Evaluate
() 673 x 9 + 673 (ii) 1925x 101 1925
3. Verify
() 37 x {8+ (-3)) =37 x 8 +37 x (-3)
(i) -82) x {(4)+19) = (-82) x (4) + (-82) x 19
(i) (7-(-7)} x 7 = 7x7-(-7) x7
(iv) {(-15) - 8} x -6 = (-15)x (-6) - 8 x (-6)

4. Evaluate
i) 15x8 (i) 15 x (-8)
(ii)(-15) x 8 (iv) (-15) x - 8

5. Evaluate
(i) 4x6 x8 (ii) 4 x 6 x (-8) (ii) 4 x (-6) x 8
(iv) (4) x 6 x8 () 4x (-6) x (-8) (vi)(-4)x (-6) x8
(vii)(-4) x 6 x (-8) (vii)(-4)x (-6) x (8)
6. Evaluate
(i) 2x4 x 6 x8 (i) 2 x (4) x 6 x8 (ii) -2)x 4x (-6) x8
(iv) (-2) x (-4) x 6x (-8)
(v) (-2) x (4) x (-6) x
(-8)
7. Determine the integer whose product with -1' is
()-47 (i) 63
(ii) -1
(iv) 0
8. Eighteen integers are multiplied together. What will be the sign of their product,
(i) 15 of them are
negative and 3 are positive?
(ii) 12 of
them are negative and 6 are positive?
(ii) 9 of them are
positive and the remaining are
(iv) all are negative? negativee?
9. Find which is
greater?
(i) (8+ 10)x 15 or 8+ 10x 15
(ii) 12 x (6 -8) or 12 x
6-83
(i) ((-3)4) x (-5) or
(-3)-4 x (-5)
10. State true or false
()
product of two different integers can be
zero.
(i)
product of 120 negative integers and 121
(ii) a x (b+ C) =axb+c positive integers is
negative
(iv) (b c)x a= b-cx a.

6 oncise MATHEMATICS
Middle Scho
1.4 DIVIsION OF INTEGERS:
Division is an inverse process of multiplication.
To divide 36 by 9 means to find an integer which on multiplying with 9 gives 36. Such an
integer is 4. This fact is expressed as
36 9 4 4x9 36
Similarly. 75 15 5 5 x 15 75
Remember
1. Division of an integer by an integer of the same sign is always positive
one integer
i.e. a positive number.
an integer with the same sian
For exampie

-24
() -6
= 4 Gi) 4
32 8x4 (2x19)
-57-(3x19) 3' and so on
(ii)
20-5x4
+veinteger a positive number
+veinteger
-veinteger
a positive number
veinteger
-

2. Division of an integer by an integer of the opposite sign is always negative.

one integer
i.e. a negative number.
an integer with the opposite sign

For example

9 =4

8x4 8 -2x19
32 iv) 57 3x19
(i) 20 -5x4 5 3
+ ve integer a negative number
- ve integer

ve integer
a negative number
+veinteger
Note 1: In a division,
the numberto be divided is called the dividend, 5, dividend 65.
thus in 65 + 13 = =

in
the number which divides any given number is called the divisor; thus
13.
65+13 =5, divisor =
the result of division is called quotient; thus in 65 + 13 = 5, quotient 5.

dividend
i.e. = quotient
Note 2 Dividend+ divisor =quotient, divisor

Integers
 i f dividend is positive and divisor is negative, the quotient is ative

i f dividend is negative and divisor is positive, the quotient is negativo

if dividend and divisor both are positive Or both are negative, the
the quotient is
positive
The following table will make the above concept more clear

Dividend Divisor Dividend+ Divisor

Quotient
40
40 40 8
8 5
-40
40 8 (-40)+8B= 8 5
-40
8
40)+(-8) = 8 5

-8 40
40 40-8=
-8 -5

Remember:_b
1.5 PROPERTIES OF DIVISION OF INTEGERS:
Closure property:
division of one integer by another
The
integer is not
always an integer.
mand n are two diferent integers
then +nis not necessarily an integer.
m

For example 18 is an integer and 5 is also an integer, but

18 5 E,is not an integer.

Similarly, -14 is an integer and 4 is also an integer, but

-14 4 is not an integer.

Ciosure property is not satisfied for the division of
integers.
Commutative property (commutativity):
Division of integers does not satisfy the commutative property.
If m and n are two different integers then m+ n*n+ m.
For example: For two integers 15 and 5
15+5 3,but 5+15= =

1 5 33 15
The same can be shown by taking more pairs of integers.

3 Associative property (associativity):

Division of integers does not satisfy the associative property, i.e.
if 1, m and n are three different integers then/+ (m + n) * (+ m) + n

8 Concise MATHEMATICS Middle School-7

 n
Note:1+(m+ n) =l+ Ix
m m

and,(+m)+ n=m+nm mn
For any three in integers , m and m
n
1 +(m +n) * (1+ m) + n
m mn
Division of integers is not associative.

4. Distributive law
Division of integers is not distributive over addition and subtraction, ie
If 1, m and n are three different integers then

+ (m+n) m n

and, I+ (m-n)

5. Existence of identity for division:

There is no identity for division of integers.
1
If mis an integer, then m 1 m, which is anintegeritself, but 1+m= which is not
m
necessarily an integer unless m = 1.

6. Existence of inverse for division

tf mand nare two dlifferent integers,then m+ nis not an identity for division and similarly
n+ m might also not be an identity for division.
Therefore, the inverse of division of integers does not exist.
More properties for division of integers:
1. Ifm is a non-zerointegerthenm +m = 1.

1212 12 1 =1

17 17
17
=1. (-25) + (-25) = -25 =1; and so on
17 25

2. For every non-zero integer m, 0 m = 0.

e.g
e.g 0+6= 6 0, 0+(-11)= )-- 0

01 = 0; and so on
3. For every integer m, m + 0 is not defined.
8
e.g 8 +0=which is not defined
0

-23
(-23)+0= 00 , which is not defined

Inteners
 4. If1, m and n are non-zero integers, then
(+ m)+ n*l+ (m + n) unlessn=1.

When n= 1, (+m) + n= (1+ m) +1 = l+ m

and, 7+(m+ n) = I+ (m+ 1) = l+ m

5. If i, mand n are integers, then

)1> mand n is positive » (!+ n) > (m + n)

e.g. 15>6 and 3 is positive (15+3)> (6 +3) ie. 5>2

(ii) > m and n is negative (!+ n)< (m + n)

eg. 18> 9 and-3 is negative =» {18 + (-3)} < {9 + 3)}

18
_ ie. -6<-3

fan integer is negative, it means it is less than 0.

-5)<0,(-12) <0, (-23) <0; and so on.
Ifan integer is positive, it means it is greater than 0.
5>0,12 0, 23>0; and so on.

Example 5:
Divide
) 132 by 11 (i) (-132) by 11

(i) 132 by (-11) (iv) (-132) by (-11)

Solution:
132 12x11
() 132+11 11 = 12 (Ans.)
11

132-12x11 (Ans)
(i) (-132)+11 =11 11

132
(i) 132 + (-11) =11

132
11

12x11
=-12
(Ans.)
11
-132 132 12x11 = 12 (Ans)
(iv) (-132)+(-11) =11 11 11

Example 6:
Evaluate (ii) 162+ (-27)
(i) 98+ 7
() -91) + 13

MATHEMATICS Middle School-7

Concise
Solution:
(Ans.)
) (-91)+ 13 =
-91 13
13
13
(Ans.)
(i)-98+ 7 =
98
-14x7-14
7

162 -162 -6x27 (Ans.)

(it) 162+ (-27)27 27 27

Example 7:
Find the quotient in each of the following:
(ii) -17000 125
() 187212 (i) 3159 (-13)
(v) -1352 (-26)
Solution
1872 156x12-156 (Ans.)
() Required quotient= 12 12

3159
() Required quotient =13
3159
13
243x13=
13
-243 (Ans.)

-136 x 125
-17000
=-136 (Ans.)
(ii) Required quotient =
125 125

-1352 1352
52 (Ans.)
(iv) Required quotient= 26
1.6 USING DMAS
In DMAS
D stands for division

M stands for multiplication

A stands for addition
and, S stands for subtraction.

1. DMAS represents four fundamental operations D (division), M (multiplication),

A (addition) and S (subtraction).
fundamental operations, we perform operations
2. If expression has more than one
an
all we peform D (division), then M (multiplication),
using the rule of DMAS, i.e. first of
then A (addition) and in the last S (subtraction).

Example8:
Evaluate 18-6 +3 x 4.
Solution
18-6+3 x 4 Using DMAS

18-2 x 4 Division (D): 6+3 =2

= 18-8 IMultiplication (M):2x4 =8
= 10 (Ans.) Subtraction (S): 18-8 =10

Integers 11
 Example 9
Evaluate (-10) (-4) (-2) x 3
Solution Using DMAS
(-10)+(-4)+ (-2) x 3 Op
=-10+ 2 x3 Division (D): (-4)+(-2) =2 F
=-10+ 6 Multiplication (M) : 2 x3 =6
(Ans.) Addition (A): -10 + 6 = -4

Example 10:
Evaluate 5+(-48) (-16) +(-2) x 6
Solution Using DMAS
6
5+(-48) (-16) +(-2) x
Division (D) : (48) +(-16) =3
= 5 +3+ (-2) x6
= 5 +3 + (-12) Multiplication (M): (-2) x 6 = -12
Addition (A) : 5 +3 = 8
=8 12
Subtraction (S) : 8 - 12 = -4
(Ans.)

EXERCISE 1(B)

1. Divide
(ii) 117 by (-9)
(i) 117 by 9 (i)-117) by 9
225 by (-15) (vi) (-552) 2 4
(iv) (-117) by (-9) (v)
(vii) (-798) by (-21) (vii)(-910) 26
2. Evaluate
(ii) 234 (-13) (ii) (-234) + (-13)
() (-234) + 13
(vi) (-374) + (-17)
(iv) 374 (-17) (v)(-374) 17
(vii)(-728) 14 (vii) 272(-17)
following divisions
3. Find the quotient in each of the 16
(i) 299 *(-23) (i) (-384) +
(i) 299 +23
(v) 408+ (-17)
(iv) (-572) + (-22)
4. Divide
152 by- 19 (ii) O by 35
(i) 204 by 17 (i)
(v) 5490 by 10 (vi) 762800 by 100
(iv) 0 by (-82)
5.
5. State, true orfalsee
0
0+ 32 0 (i) 0 (-9) =

() =

(i) (-37) 0 =0 (iv) 0+ 0 =0

Evaluate (ii) 1920+4
(i) 12+18 +3
(i) 42+ 7+ 4 13-12 4 x 2
(V) 6-8-(-6) +2 (vi)
(iv) 16-5 x3+4 (ix) 16-8+4+2 x3
(vii) 16+8+4-2x3 (vii) 16 +8+4-2 x3 (-1) + 14 7
(xi) (-18)+6 +3+5 (xii) (-20) x
()(4) + (-12) + (-6)
is 6, find the other integer.
7. The product of two integers is-90. If one of them
-15, find the other.
8. The product of two integers is 210. If one of them is

MATHEMATICS Middle School7

12 Concise
1.7 REMOVAL OF BRACKETS
performed before the
bracket are
While removing the brackets, operations within the
operations outside it.

For example

) (24+3)x2 x2 (24+3) =8]

= 8 x 2 16

(i) 24+(3 x 2) = 24 6

24+6 =4]
244
[18 6 3
(ii) 18(2 x 18+6-5) =18 (2x3-5)
= 18+(6-5)
[2x3 =6]
[6-5 1]
18+1
18
18
1
numbers
is written just before a bracket, with
Whenever a number
important : minus signs; the bracket is
removed and
inside the bracket that are separated by plus or
the number written outside
at the same time each number inside the bracket is multiplied by
it.
Forexample
3(8+11) =3 x8+3x 11 24 +33 57
25
(i) 5(3-8+ 10) 15-40+50 65-40
=
=
=

x-1 =3
(ii)-3(15 18+2) =-3(17 18) =-3
4b+ 12
(iv) 4(a +b-3) -4a
-

(v) 3(a-b) 3a-3b =

(V) 5(3a +2b) 15a + 10b =

used
of brackets are used. The most commonly
In a complex expression, many types
brackets are Bracket's name
Bracket's symbol
Small bracket or Parentheses

Curly (middle) bracket

2. Square bracket
3 Vinculum.
4. are used,
all the four types of brackets, as discussed above,
Note If in an expression small bracket, then inside curly
vinculum, then inside
below
first of all we simplify expression
bracket.
bracket and lastly inside square

Example 11:

Evaluate 30-126-(15+(8-6-3))

13
Integers
Solution

30-26-(15 (8-6-3)
Removing vinculum]
30-(26 (15+ (8 3)
Removing small bracket]
30 126-(15+5]]
3 0-126-20] Removing curly bracket]
Removing square bracket
30 -6
24 (Ans.)
Order in which the brackets must be removed

When brackets used are: |(

then ( , then{and finally[
order of removing the brackets is: firstly
When brackets used are : [(( ]
order of removing the brackets is: firstly(), then {andfinally[
3 When brackets used are : {(

order of removing the brackets is : firstly

( ) andfinally {
bracket is removed
without changing the
1 If there is a plus sign before a bracket, the
bracket.
sign of any term inside the
.e. () + (a-b+ o)= a-b+C
5b-15c
( ) 5(20+ b-3c)= 10a+ bracket is removed by changing the
a bracket, the
2 If there is a minus sign before
inside the bracket.
sign of each term
Le. ()-(a-b+ o)m-a+b-C
b - 3 c ) - 1 0 a - 5 b + 15c
(i)-5 (2a +

Example 12
Evaluate 30-18+{31-(32-10)}]

Solution:
30-18 (31-(32-10)}]
3 018+(31-22)
30-17= 13
(Ans.)
30 -18+ 9]
Example f3
Evaluate 55-125 (23-(12-11-8))

Solution

55-25-(23-(12-11-8))

55 125-(23 (12-3))]
55-[25 (23 9)
(Ans.)
55-25 14] 55-11 44
7
Concise MATHEMATICS
Middle School
14
Example 14:

Evaluate: 45-28-(34 (24-14-8)

Solution
45-28-(34-(24-14-8))
45-[28-(34-(24-6)
45-[28-{34 18)
=
45-[28- 16]= 45 -12 33 (Ans.)
Example 15:

Evaluate-(4-(5-2)
Solution:
- {4-(5-2))
-4-5+2) -5-2)-5+2]
=-4+5-2=-6 +5 =-1 (Ans.)
Alternative method :
=-{4-(5-2)) = -{4-3) = -1 (Ans.)
Example 16
Evaluate: 3(17-4(8-6).
Solution:
3{17-4(8-6)}
3(17-32 +24) -4(8-6) = 4 x8+4x6 -32+24]
= 51 96+72 123-96 27 (Ans.)
Alternative method
3{17 4(8-6)} = 3{17-4 x2)
3{17-8} = 3 x 9 = 27 (Ans.)
( EXERCISE 1(C)
Evaluate
1. 18-(20- 15 3). 2. 15+24+(15-13)
3. 35-15 +14-(13+2-1+3) 4. 27-13+4-(8+4-1+3)

5. 32-43-(51-(20-18-7) 6. 46-[26-{14-(15-4+2x2)}]

7. 45-(38-{60 3-(6-9+3)+3}] 8. 17-17-(17-(17-17-17))

9.2550-510-(270-(90-80+7)) 10. 30+-2x(25-13-3)

11. 88-15-(48)+(-16)} 12. 9x(8-3+2)-2(2+3+3)

13. 2-13-(6-(5-4-3)]

Integers- 15
 PROBLEMS INVOLVING
INTEGERS
1.8 WORD
Example 17 find the other.
-23. If of them is 15,
h e sum of two integers is one

Solution: (Ans.)
The other integer =
-23 15 -38

Alternative method:
Let the other integer be x
15+X = - 23 X=-23- 15 =- 38 (Ans.)
The other integer = -38

Example 18 15. Find the

value(s) of x.
two inteqers x
and-8 is
ne diference between

Solution:
15
The difference between two integers x and-8 IS
-8-X= 15
x - ( - 8 ) = 15 or
-8-X= 15
X+8 15 or
-X= 15 +8
X = 15-8 or -X=23 X=-23
X=-23
X 7 or
X= 7 or-23

Example 19
By how much does -6 exceed -18?
Solution:
Required = (-6) - (-18)
(Ans.)
= -6 + 18 =12

-6 exceeds -18 by 12.

EXERCISE 1(D)
find the other.
1. The sum of two integers is -15. If one of them is 9,
values of x.
2. The difference between integers x and -6 is -5. Find the

X-(-6) = -5 or-6-X= -

3. The sum of two integers is 28. If one intger is 45, find the other.
4. The sum of two integers is -56. If one integer is -42, find the other.
The difference between an integer xand (-9) is 6. Find all possible values of x.
5.
6. Write allthe integers between-15 and 15, which are divisible by 2 and 3.
7.
7. Write all the integers between-5 and 5, which are divisible by 2 or 3.
6. Find the result of subtracting the sum of all integers between 20 and 30 from the sum of all
integers from 20 to 30.
9 Add the product of (-13) and (-17) to the quotient of (-187) and 11.

16
Concise MATHEMATICS Middle School- 7
 10. The product of two integers is -180. If one of them is 12, find the other.
11. () A number changes from -20 to 30. What is the increase or decrease in the
number ?
(1) A number changes from 40 to -30. What is the increase or decrease in the
number ?

EXERCISE 1(E)
1. If a=-12 and b=
-10, verify that: a+ b=b+a.
2. If a=-7, b= -5 and c =8,
verify that:a +(b+ ) (a + b) + C. =

3. f a
=7, b= 5 and
c =-8, verity that: a- (b-c) + (a- b) --C.
4. The difference between two
integers x and -12 is -15. Find the value(s) of x.
5. An aeroplane is
800 m vertically above the head of a boy. After sometime, it is 1125 m vertically
above the head of the same boy. What is the change in the height of the aeroplane ?
Write a pair of integers whose: (i) sum =-7 (i) difference = -7
. Write two integers each of which is smaller than -3 and their difference is
than-3.
greater
8. Evaluate
)-1)x (-1) x(-1) x. .. 60 times.
(i) (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x (-1) x.. 75 times.
9. Evaluate
() (-2) x (-3) x
(-4) x (-5) x (-6) i)-3) x (-6) x (-9) x (-12)
(i)-11) x (-15) +(-11) x (-25) (iv) 10x (-12) + 5 x (-12)
10. ) Ifxx (-1) =-36, is x positive or negative?
(i) If x x (-1) = 36, is x positive or negative ?
11. Evaluate:
) (-20) + (-8) (-2) x3 (i)-5)-(48) + (-16) + (-2) x 6
(ii) 16+8+4-2x3 (iv) 16+8 x4-2 x3
(v) 27-15+ {28-(29-7)}] (vi) 48-118-16-(5-4+19}1
(vi)-8--6(9-11)+18-3} (vii) (24+12-9-12) - (3x8+4+1)

12. Find the difference between 8 and-8.

13. Subtract the sum of -107 and 72 from the sum of 55 and-32.
14. Write three consecutive integers
i) succeeding -14 i) preceding -22
(i) which are even and succeed 24 (iv) which are odd and precede 8
15. Points A, B,C and D are marked on a number line as shown below:
A

-9 -3 3

Find: () A-B (i) D+C (i) C+ A (iv) B-C

16 At a place, the temperature on Monday was 30°C. It rose by 3°C on
Tuesday and then dropped
by 8°C on Wednesday. Find the temperature of this place on
() Tuesday i) Wednesday

Integers 17
17. How much does 35 exceed (-35) ?

18. How much is -12 less than 3?

19. Subtract (-34) from the sum of 57 and (-51).
difference is 8.
20. Write a pair of negative integers whose
whose sum is -15.
21. Write a positive integer and a negative integer
22. Evaluate
7 (ii) (-1) x (-5) x (-4) x (-6)
(i)-2) x (-2) x (-5) x
correct answer and
5 marks a r e given for every
23. In class test, containing 20 questions,
a
answer. A student of
this class attempted ali the questions
-3 marks are given for each incorrect
Find the score of this student.
out of which only 12 were correct.
each step being
and takes 20 steps towards North,
24. Smitha starts moving from a point A
30 steps towards South, each step being
40 cm in length. Then she moves by taking between A and B.
find the distance
28 cm long. If Smitha finally reaches at point B,