AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q1.
Calcium sulfide reacts with calcium sulfate as shown.

CaS + 3 CaSO4 → 4 CaO + 4 SO2

2.50 g of calcium sulfide are heated with 9.85 g of calcium sulfate until there is
no further reaction.

Show that calcium sulfate is the limiting reagent in this reaction.

Calculate the mass, in g, of sulfur dioxide formed.

Mr (CaS) = 72.2
Mr (CaSO4) = 136.2

Mass of sulfur dioxide ____________________ g

(Total 5 marks)

Q2.
A student is provided with a 5.60 g sample of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
contaminated with sodium ethanoate (CH3COONa).

The student dissolves the sample in deionised water and makes the volume up
to 200 cm3

The student removes 25.0 cm3 samples of the solution and titrates them with
0.350 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution.

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

The table below shows the results of these titrations.

Rough 1 2 3

Final volume / cm3 20.85 41.10 20.50 40.80

Initial volume / cm3 0.00 20.85 0.00 20.50

Titre / cm3 20.85 20.25 20.50 20.30

(a) Use the results in the table above to calculate the mean titre value.

Use the mean titre to calculate the percentage by mass of sodium

ethanoate in the original sample.

Mean titre value _______________ cm3

Percentage by mass ____________________

(6)

(b) The student rinses the burette with deionised water before filling with
sodium hydroxide solution.

State and explain the effect, if any, that this rinsing will have on the value of
the titre.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Q3.
This question is about two experiments on gases.

(a) In the first experiment, liquid Y is injected into a sealed flask under vacuum.
The liquid vaporises in the flask.
The table below shows data for this experiment.

Mass of Y 717 mg

Temperature 297 K

Volume of flask 482 cm3

Pressure inside
51.0 kPa
flask

Calculate the relative molecular mass of Y.

Show your working.

The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

Relative molecular mass of Y ____________________

(5)

(b) In the second experiment, another flask is used for a combustion reaction.

Method

• Remove all the air from the flask.

• Add 0.0010 mol of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (C8H18) to the flask.
• Add 0.0200 mol of oxygen to the flask.
• Spark the mixture to ensure complete combustion.
• Cool the mixture to the original temperature.

The equation is

C8H18(g) + 12 O2(g) → 8 CO2(g) + 9 H2O(l)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Calculate the amount, in moles, of gas in the flask after the reaction.

Amount of gas ______________________________ mol

(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Q4.
A compound contains 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen and 53.3% oxygen by
mass.

Which could be the molecular formula of this compound?

A C2H2O2

B C2H2O

C C2H4O2

D C2HO2
(Total 1 mark)

Q5.
When driving a car, a legal limit for ethanol (Mr = 46.0) is 80 mg per 100 cm3 of
blood.

What is this concentration in mol dm–3?

A 1.74 × 10–1

B 1.74 × 10–2

C 1.74 × 10–3

D 1.74 × 10–4
(Total 1 mark)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q6.
What is the percentage atom economy for the production of ethanol from
glucose?

C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

A 25.6%

B 27.1%

C 51.1%

D 54.2%
(Total 1 mark)

Q7.
Nitration of 1.70 g of methyl benzoate (Mr = 136.0) produces methyl
3-nitrobenzoate (Mr = 181.0). The percentage yield is 65.0%

What mass, in g, of methyl 3-nitrobenzoate is produced?

A 0.830

B 1.10

C 1.47

D 2.26
(Total 1 mark)

Q8.
Which compound needs the greatest amount of oxygen for the complete
combustion of 1 mol of the compound?

A ethanal

B ethanol

C ethane-1,2-diol

D methanol
(Total 1 mark)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q9.
This question is about a volatile liquid, A.

(a) A student does an experiment to determine the relative molecular mass

(Mr) of liquid A using the apparatus shown in the figure below.

The student injects a sample of A into a gas syringe in an oven.

At the temperature of the oven, liquid A vaporises.

The table shows the student’s results.

Mass of fine needle syringe and contents

11.295 g
before injecting

Mass of fine needle syringe and contents

10.835 g
after injecting

Volume reading on gas syringe before

0.0 cm3
injecting

Volume reading on gas syringe after injecting 178.0 cm3

Pressure of gas in syringe 100 kPa

Temperature of oven 120 °C

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Calculate the Mr of A.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Mr _______________
(4)

(b) The student noticed that some of the liquid injected into the gas syringe did
not vaporise.

Explain the effect that this has on the Mr calculated by the student.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(2)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

The table is repeated here.

Mass of fine needle syringe and contents

11.295 g
before injecting

Mass of fine needle syringe and contents

10.835 g
after injecting

Volume reading on gas syringe before

0.0 cm3
injecting

Volume reading on gas syringe after injecting 178.0 cm3

Pressure of gas in syringe 100 kPa

Temperature of oven 120 °C

(c) Each reading on the balance used to record the mass of the fine needle
syringe and contents had an uncertainty of ±0.001 g

Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the mass of liquid A injected in this

experiment.

Percentage uncertainty _______________

(1)
(Total 7 marks)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q10.
A student investigates two experimental methods of making methylpropanal. The
equations for these two methods are shown.

In each method, the student uses 1.00 g of organic starting material.

The yield of methylpropanal obtained using each method and other data are
included in the table.

Method 1 Method 2

Yield of methylpropanal / mg 552 778

Percentage yield 80.0%

Percentage atom economy 62.1%

Calculate the percentage yield for Method 1.

Calculate the percentage atom economy for Method 2.

State the importance of percentage yield and percentage atom economy when
choosing the method used to make a compound.

% yield _______________

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Importance of percentage yield _____________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

% atom economy _______________

Importance of percentage atom economy _____________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
(Total 6 marks)

Q11.
A student does an experiment to determine the percentage by mass of sodium
chlorate(I), NaClO, in a sample of bleach solution.

Method:

• Dilute a 10.0 cm3 sample of bleach solution to 100 cm3 with distilled water.
• Transfer 25.0 cm3 of the diluted bleach solution to a conical flask and
acidify using sulfuric acid.
• Add excess potassium iodide to the conical flask to form a brown solution
containing l2(aq).
• Add 0.100 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate solution (Na2S2O3) to the conical
flask from a burette until the brown solution containing l2(aq) becomes a
colourless solution containing l–(aq).

The student uses 33.50 cm3 of sodium thiosulfate solution.

The density of the original bleach solution is 1.20 g cm–3

The equations for the reactions in this experiment are

ClO–(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 l–(aq) → Cl–(aq) + H2O(l) + l2(aq)

2 S2O32–(aq) + l2(aq) → 2 l–(aq) + S4O62–(aq)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

(a) Use all the information given to calculate the percentage by mass of
NaClO in the original bleach solution.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Percentage by mass _______________

(7)

(b) The total uncertainty from two readings and an end point error in using a
burette is ± 0.15 cm3

What is the total percentage uncertainty in using the burette in this

experiment?

Tick (✓) one box.

0.45%

0.90%

1.34%

(1)
(Total 8 marks)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q12.
The equation below represents the complete combustion of butane.

20 cm3 of butane are completely burned in 0.20 dm3 of oxygen.

Which statement is correct?

All volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.

A 40 cm3 of carbon dioxide are formed

B 0.065 dm3 of oxygen react

C 70 cm3 of oxygen remain

D 0.50 dm3 of steam are formed

(Total 1 mark)

Q13.
The heat released when 1.00 g of ethanol (Mr = 46.0) undergoes complete
combustion is 29.8 kJ

What is the heat released by each molecule, in joules, when ethanol undergoes
complete combustion?

(the Avogadro constant L = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1)

A 2.28 × 10–18 J

B 4.95 × 10–20 J

C 2.28 × 10–21 J

D 4.95 × 10–23 J

(Total 1 mark)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q14.
This question is about sodium fluoride (NaF).

Some toothpastes contain sodium fluoride.

The concentration of sodium fluoride can be expressed in parts per million
(ppm).
1 ppm represents a concentration of 1 mg in every 1 kg of toothpaste.

(a) A 1.00 g sample of toothpaste was found to contain 2.88 × 10–5 mol of
sodium fluoride.

Calculate the concentration of sodium fluoride, in ppm, for the sample of

toothpaste.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Concentration of sodium fluoride _______________________________ ppm

(4)

(b) Sodium fluoride is toxic in high concentrations.

Major health problems can occur if concentrations of sodium fluoride are
greater than 3.19 × 10–2 g per kilogram of body mass.

Deduce the maximum mass of sodium fluoride, in mg, that a 75.0 kg

person could swallow without reaching the toxic concentration.

Mass of sodium fluoride _______________________________ mg

(1)

(c) The concentration of sodium fluoride in a prescription toothpaste is 2800

ppm.

Use your answer to Question (b) to deduce the mass of toothpaste, in kg,
that a 75.0 kg person could swallow without reaching the toxic
concentration.

Mass of toothpaste _______________________________ kg

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

(1)

(d) Identify the diagram in the figure below that shows the correct relative
sizes of the ions in sodium fluoride.
Justify your answer.

Diagram __________

Justification
_________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 9 marks)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q15.
A student heated a solid sample of Na2CO3. xH2O for 1 minute to remove water
and determine a value for x
The diagram shows the apparatus used. The table shows the results recorded.

Mass of empty evaporating

24.35 g
basin

Mass of evaporating basin

25.47 g
and solid before heating

Mass of evaporating basin

and solid after heating for 1 24.92 g
minute

(a) Use the data in the table to calculate a value for x in the formula Na2CO3.
xH2O Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

Value for x ____________________

(5)

(b) The correct value for x is 10.

Suggest a reason for the difference between the experimental value for x
and the correct value.

(If you were unable to calculate an experimental value for x assume it was
8.05.
This is not the correct experimental value.)

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

(1)

(c) Suggest how the procedure could be improved, using the same apparatus,
to give a more accurate value for x
Justify your answer.

Suggestion
_________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Justification
_________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q16.
A student determined the relative molecular mass, Mr, of an unknown volatile
liquid Y in an experiment as shown in the diagram.
The student used a hypodermic syringe to inject a sample of liquid Y into a gas
syringe in an oven.
At the temperature of the oven, liquid Y vaporised.

The student’s results are shown in the table.

Mass of hypodermic syringe and liquid Y before

10.91 g
injection

Mass of hypodermic syringe and liquid Y after

10.70 g
injection

Oven temperature 98.1 °C

Atmospheric pressure 102 kPa

Increase in volume in gas syringe after injection

85.0 cm3
of Y

(a) Define the term relative molecular mass (Mr).

Use the experimental results in the table to determine the relative

molecular mass of Y.
The gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(5)

(b) Some of the liquid injected did not evaporate because it dripped into the
gas syringe nozzle outside the oven.

Explain how this would affect the value of the Mr of Y calculated from the
experimental results.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Q17.
How many protons are there in 6.0 g of nitrogen gas?

Avogadro constant, L = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1

A 1.3 × 1023

B 9.0 × 1023

C 1.8 × 1024

D 3.6 × 1024

(Total 1 mark)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q18.
A 30 cm3 sample of nitrogen was reacted with a 60 cm3 sample of fluorine
according to the equation

What is the volume of the gas mixture after the reaction, at constant temperature
and pressure?

A 20 cm3

B 30 cm3

C 40 cm3

D 50 cm3

(Total 1 mark)

Q19.
Citric acid, C3H5O(COOH)3, occurs naturally in many fruits and can also be
synthesised in the laboratory for use as a food flavouring. A student analysed a
sample of citric acid to determine its percentage purity.

The student dissolved 784 mg of impure citric acid in water to prepare 250 cm3 of
solution in a volumetric flask.

The student titrated 25.0 cm3 samples of this solution with 0.0500 mol dm–3
sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as the indicator.

C3H5O(COOH)3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → C3H5O(COO)3Na3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

(a) The student rinsed the burette before filling it with the sodium hydroxide
solution.

State why the student should use sodium hydroxide solution rather than
water for the final rinse of the burette.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(1)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

(b) The student carried out several titrations. The results are shown in the
table.

Complete the table to show the titre in each titration.

Titration Rough 1 2 3

Final reading /
25.2 23.95 47.65 24.10
cm3

Start reading /
0.0 0.05 23.95 0.10
cm3

Titre / cm3
(1)

(c) Calculate the mean titre using the concordant results.

Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.

Mean titre ____________________ cm3

(2)

(d) The total uncertainty when using the burette is ±0.15 cm3. This is the
combination of uncertainties in the start reading, final reading and the
determination of the end point.

Use your answer to part (c) to calculate the percentage uncertainty for the
use of the burette in this experiment.

Percentage uncertainty ____________________ %

(1)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

(e) Use your answer to part (c) to find the mass, in mg, of citric acid dissolved
in 250 cm3 of the solution.

The relative molecular mass (Mr) of citric acid is 192.0

mass ____________________ mg
(3)

(f) Calculate the percentage purity of this sample of citric acid.

Percentage purity ____________________ %

(1)
(Total 9 marks)

Q20.
A student added 627 mg of hydrated sodium carbonate (Na2CO3.xH2O) to 200
cm3 of 0.250 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid in a beaker and stirred the mixture.
After the reaction was complete, the resulting solution was transferred to a
volumetric flask, made up to 250 cm3 with deionised water and mixed thoroughly.
Several 25.0 cm3 portions of the resulting solution were titrated with 0.150 mol
dm–3 aqueous sodium hydroxide. The mean titre was 26.60 cm3 of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.

Calculate the value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O

Show your working.
Give your answer as an integer.

Value of x ____________________
(Total 7 marks)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q21.
Copper can be produced from rock that contains CuFeS2

(a) Balance the equations for the two stages in this process.

.....CuFeS2 + .....O2 + .....SiO2 ⟶ .....Cu2S + .....Cu2O + .....SO2 +

.....FeSiO3

.....Cu2S + .....Cu2O ⟶ .....Cu + .....SO2

(2)

(b) Suggest two reasons why the sulfur dioxide by-product of this process is
removed from the exhaust gases.

Reason 1
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Reason 2
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) A passenger jet contains 4050 kg of copper wiring.

A rock sample contains 1.25% CuFeS2 by mass.

Calculate the mass, in tonnes, of rock needed to produce enough copper

wire for a passenger jet. (1 tonne = 1000 kg)

Mass of rock ____________________ tonnes

(4)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

(d) Copper can also be produced by the reaction of carbon with copper(II)
oxide according to the equation

2CuO + C ⟶ 2Cu + CO2

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the production of copper by

this process.

Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.

Percentage atom economy ____________________

(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q22.
Which of these contains the greatest number of atoms?

A 127 mg of iodine

B 1.54 × 10−4 kg of phosphorus

C 81.0 mg of carbon dioxide

D 1.70 × 10−4 kg of ammonia

(Total 1 mark)

Q23.
A 20.0 cm3 sample of a 0.400 mol dm−3 aqueous solution of a metal bromide
(MBrn) reacts exactly with 160 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 aqueous silver nitrate.

What is the formula of the metal bromide?

A MBr

B MBr2

C MBr3

D MBr4
(Total 1 mark)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q24.
An experiment was carried out to determine the relative molecular mass (Mr) of a
volatile hydrocarbon X that is a liquid at room temperature.

A known mass of X was vaporised at a known temperature and pressure and the
volume of the gas produced was measured in a gas syringe.

Data from this experiment are shown in the table.

Mass of X 194 mg

Temperature 373 K

Pressure 102 kPa

Volume 72 cm3

(a) Calculate the relative molecular mass of X.

Show your working.

Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.

The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

Relative molecular mass _________________________________________

(5)

(b) Analysis of a different hydrocarbon Y shows that it contains 83.7% by

mass of carbon.

Calculate the empirical formula of Y.

Use this empirical formula and the relative molecular mass of Y (Mr = 86.0)
to calculate the molecular formula of Y.

Empirical formula
____________________________________________________

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Molecular formula
____________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Q25.
Ethanedioic acid (H2C2O4) is a diprotic acid. Beekeepers use a solution of this
acid as a pesticide.

A student carried out a titration with sodium hydroxide solution to determine the
mass of the acid in the solution. The student repeated the titration until
concordant titres were obtained.

H2C2O4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ⟶ Na2C2O4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

(a) The student found that 25.0 cm3 of the ethanedioic acid solution reacted
completely with 25.30 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide solution.

Calculate the mass, in mg, of the acid in 25.0 cm3 of this solution.

Mass of acid = ____________________ mg

(4)

(b) The student used a wash bottle containing deionised water when
approaching the end-point to rinse the inside of the conical flask.

Explain why this improved the accuracy of the titration.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Give the meaning of the term concordant titres.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

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AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Q26.
This question is about a toxic chloroalkane, X, that has a boiling point of 40 °C.

A student carried out an experiment to determine the Mr of X by injecting a

sample of X from a hypodermic syringe into a gas syringe in an oven at 97 °C
and 100 kPa. The student’s results are set out in Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1

Mass of hypodermic syringe filled with X before

10.340
injection / g

Mass of hypodermic syringe with left over X after

10.070
injection / g

Mass of X injected / g

Table 2

Volume reading on gas syringe before injection of X /

0.0
cm3

Volume of X in gas syringe after injection of X / cm3 105.0

Volume of X / cm3

(a) Complete Table 1 and Table 2 by calculating the mass and volume of X.
(1)

(b) X is known to be one of the following chloroalkanes: CCl4 CHCl3 CH2Cl2

or CH3Cl

Justify this statement by calculating a value for the Mr of X and use your
answer to suggest the most likely identity of X from this list.

Give your answer for the Mr of X to an appropriate precision.

(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1)

Mr of X

Mr of X = ______________________

Page 26 of 27
AQA Chemistry A-Level - Amount of Substance QP

Identity of X
(If you have been unable to calculate a value for Mr, you may assume that
the Mr value is 52. This is not the correct value).

Identity of X = __________________
(5)

(c) Suggest a reason, other than apparatus inaccuracy, why the Mr value
determined from the experimental results differs from the actual Mr. Explain
your answer.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) Suggest, with a reason, an appropriate safety precaution that the student
should take when using the toxic chloroalkane, X, in the experiment.

Safety precaution
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Reason
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q27.
What is the volume of 0.200 mol dm−3 Ba(OH)2 (aq) required to neutralise exactly
30.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 HCl(aq)?

A 150.0 cm3

B 75.0 cm3

C 15.0 cm3

D 7.50 cm3
(Total 1 mark)

Page 27 of 27
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