CONTENTS

CONTENTS

Chapter No. TITLE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SYNOPSIS

3. CONSTRUCTION

4. WORKING PRINCIPLE

5. MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY DIAGRAM

6. DETAILS OF WIND TURBINE

7. FINISHING AND PAINTING

8. COST ESTIMATION

9. CONCLUSION

10. BIBILOGRAPHY

11. PHOTO VIEW

INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

In our technical education the project work plays a major role. Every student is put

in to simulate life particularly where the student required bringing his knowledge, skill

and experience of the project work.

It helps how to evolve specifications under given constrains by systematic

approach to the problem a construct a work device. Project work thus integrates various

skills and knowledge attainment during study and gives orientation towards application.

As the students solve the various problems exposed by the project work, the

students get the confidence to overcome such problems in the future life. It helps in

expanding the thinking and alternatives for future applications.

SYNOPSIS
 SYNOPSIS

To save the fuel and power and to overcome skilled labour shortage, most of the

devices should be operated by non conventional energy. The main aim for us to select

this project work is to acquire practical knowledge in the field of non conventional

energy using wind.

We selected “FABRICATION OF POWER GENERATION USING WIND

TURBINE” as our project work and the electrical energy is generated through by a wind

turbine which is operated by wind air. This turbine unit has three blades which are rotated

by the wind force . These blades are made 1mm thickness tin sheet in order to reduce

the self-weight fitted in a shaft housed with bearing. The output of the shaft is connected

to DC generator which supplies the electrical energy used to charge the battery.

One L E D is also connected to the output of the generator for indicator purpose .

A two way is also connected to the battery to connect charging mode and discharging

mode.

This whole arrangement is mounted in a flat metal plate

.
CONSTRUCTION
 CONSTRUCTION

This project consist of

1) Wind Turbine Blade Assembly

2) DC generator
3) M.S. FABRICATED STAND
4) Battery section unit
5) LED indicator

Wind turbine model

1)Wind Turbine Blade Assembly

The blades are basically the sails of the system; in their simplest form, they act as
barriers to the wind (more modern blade designs go beyond the barrier method). When
the wind forces the blades to move, it has transferred some of its energy to the rotor.

There are 9 turbine blades which are made from tin sheet with galvanized coating.
Each blades are 60mm width and 300mm height. The blades are screwed at the bottom
and fixed around the circumference of the tire tube of cycle wheel. The top of the blades
are insert into the PVC pipe having 50mm in diameter and folded to lock it. The blades
are twisted for easy air flow and are parallel to the tire tube at the bottom and
perpendicular to the PVC pipe at the top . The PVC pipe which is act as a main rotating
shaft and is vertically mounted on the cycle wheel hub at the Centre.

The wind-turbine shaft is connected to the center of the rotor. When the rotor spins, the
shaft spins as well. In this way, the rotor transfers its mechanical, rotational energy to the
shaft, which enters an electrical generator on the other end.

Whenever the turbine blade move, the tire tube also moves to next position leads to
rotate the PVC pipe. The blade assembly is shown in figure A.
2) DC generator

The figure shows the 12vdc generator with built in gear box. This dc generator is
mounted at the turbine assembly and connected via pvc coupling in order to manage the
misalignment . When the turbine rotates , the dc generator shaft also rotates causes the
DC current from the generator to battery.

Generator - At its most basic, a generator is a pretty simple device. It uses the properties
of electromagnetic induction to produce electrical voltage - a difference in electrical
charge. Voltage is essentially electrical pressure - it is the force that moves electricity, or
electrical current, from one point to another. So generating voltage is in effect generating
current. A simple generator consists of magnets and a conductor. The conductor is
typically a coiled wire. Inside the generator, the shaft connects to an assembly of
permanent magnets that surrounds the coil of wire. In electromagnetic induction, if you
have a conductor surrounded by magnets, and one of those parts is rotating relative to the
other, it induces voltage in the conductor. When the rotor spins the shaft, the shaft spins
the assembly of magnets, generating voltage in the coil of wire. That voltage drives
electrical current (typically alternating current, or AC power) out through power lines for
distribution

3) M.S. Fabricated Stand With Metal Plate;-

This stand is fabricated to a size of 600mm Height using 25 x 25 mm M.S.material

using L angle channel. The whole set up is mounted in 600x600 mm (LX B)base unit .

The figure shows the wind turbine set up. This whole arrangement of wind turbine

assembly is mounted in a base stand. The base stand is shown in figure B.

4)Battery section unit;

The figure shows the 3Vdc Lead acid rechargeable battery connected in series to make

12vdc .battery charger circuit readily available in market is connected to this

battery .here charging is given from the dc generator output.

5)LED indicator ;

To show the dc voltage generation output a LED indicator is connected ..

Bearing mechanism;
For the smooth operation of Shaft, bearing mechanism is used. To have very less
friction loss the two ends of shaft are pivoted into the same dimension bearing. The
Bearing has diameter of 2.54cm. Bearing are generally provided for supporting the shaft
and smooth operation of shaft. We have used ball bearings for the purpose of ease of
maintenance
Purpose of wind turbine ;

The purpose of wind turbine is shown in below schematic sketch.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

Before starting the operation ,the wind turbine is set and facing air flow

direction . Hence the turbine rotates .The rotation of turbine blade is transferred to

motion through the shaft held in bearings .This output of the shaft is connected to DC

generator which generates the DC supply . the DC generated power supply is stored in

battery.

Working principle of wind turbine

In the case of a wind-electric turbine, the turbine blades are designed to capture the
kinetic energy in wind. The rest is nearly identical to a hydroelectric setup: When the
turbine blades capture wind energy and start moving, they spin a shaft that leads from the
hub of the rotor to a generator. The generator turns that rotational energy into electricity.
At its essence, generating electricity from the wind is all about transferring energy from
one medium to another. Now the output generated current is passed to the battery through
the charger circuit.

Introduction to wind turbine

Introduction to wind turbine
Wind power all starts with the sun. When the sun heats up a certain area of land, the air
around that land mass absorbs some of that heat. At a certain temperature, that hotter air
begins to rise very quickly because a given volume of hot air is lighter than an equal
volume of cooler air. Faster-moving (hotter) air particles exert more pressure than slower-
moving particles, so it takes fewer of them to maintain the normal air pressure at a given
elevation . When that lighter hot air suddenly rises, cooler air flows quickly in to fill the
gap the hot air leaves behind. That air rushing in to fill the gap is wind. .

If you place an object like a rotor blade in the path of that wind, the wind will push on it,
transferring some of its own energy of motion to the blade. This is how a wind turbine
captures energy from the wind. The same thing happens with a sail boat. When moving
air pushes on the barrier of the sail, it causes the boat to move. The wind has transferred
its own energy of motion to the sailboat.

Turbine Aerodynamics
TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups: the horizontal-axis variety, as shown in
the photo to the left, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model
pictured to the right, named after its French inventor. Horizontal-axis wind turbines
typically either have two or three blades. These three-bladed wind turbines are operated
"upwind," with the blades facing into the wind.

Wind turbines can be built on land or offshore in large bodies of water like oceans and
lakes. Though the United States does not currently have any offshore wind turbines, the
Department of Energy is funding efforts that will make this technology available in U.S.
waters.
 ADVANTAGES

•There are several reasons why we would choose a vertical axis wind turbine over a
horizontal axis windmill.
•They are mounted lower to the ground making it easy for maintenance if needed.
•They start creating electricity at speeds of only 6 mph. And
•Third, they may be able to be built at locations where taller structures, such as the
horizontal type, can't be.
•Higher power utilization--20% higher than HAWT.
•Lower noise level--only 27-37 DB, suitable for your living condition.
•Safer operation--Spin at slower speeds than horizontal turbines, decreasing the risk of
injuring birds and also decreasing noise level.
•Simpler installation and maintenance--besides the traditional installation site, it can be
mounted directly on a rooftop, doing away with the tower and associated guy lines.
•Not affected by orientation variation—no matter the wind blow from any orientation,
VAWT can work without regard to its face.
•Economical and practical-Although one-time investment expenses are larger, but you
don’t have to pay higher tariffs forever.
 INTRODUCTION TO
WIND POWER

INTRODUCTION TO WIND POWER

The power in the wind can be computed by using the concepts of kinetics.
The kinetic energy of any particle is given by the following formula
Kinetic Energy =½mv2.
Amount of Air passing is given by m = ρAV…………………..(1)
Where
m = mass of air transversing
A=area swept by the rotating blades of wind mill type generator
ρ= Density of air
V= velocity of air
 Substituting this value of the mass in expression of K.E.
= ½ρAV.V2 watts
= ½ρAV3watts…………………..(2)
Second equation tells us that the power available is proportional to
air density (1.225 kg/m3) is proportional to the intercept area.
Since the area is normally circular of diameter D in Vertical axis
aero turbines, then,
A = 0.25πD2(Sq. m)
Put this quantity in equation second then
Available wind power Pa =0.125 ρπD2V3 watt

Wind Power Technology

Wind power technology is the various infrastructure and process that promote the
harnessing of wind generation for mechanical power and electricity. This basically entails
the wind and characteristics related to its strength and direction, as well as the
functioning of both internal and external components of a wind turbine with respect to
wind behavior.
As mentioned earlier the effective functioning of a wind turbine is dictated by the wind
availability in an area and if the amount of power it has is sufficient enough to keep the
blades in constant rotation. The wind power increases as a function of the cube of the
velocity of the wind and this power is calculable with respect to the area in which the
wind is present as well as the wind velocity. When wind is blowing the energy available
is kinetic due to the motion of the wind so the power of the wind is related to the kinetic
energy.
We know:
…… (1)
Where k=kinetic energy
The volume of air passing in unit time through an area A, with speed V is AV and its
mass M is equal to the Volume V multiplied by its density ρ so:
…… (2)
Substituting the value of in equation we get:
So
…… (3)

.…… (4)

To convert the energy to kilowatts, a non-dimensional proportionality constant k is

introduced where,
-3

Therefore
……. (5)

With equation above, the power being generated can be calculated, however one
shouldnote that it is not possible to convert all the power of the wind into power for
generation.
The power harnessed from the wind cannot exceed 59% of the overall power in the wind.
Only a portion can be used and that usable portion is only assured depending on the wind
turbine being used and the aerodynamic characteristics that accompany it .

Why Wind:

Wind energy is a very affordable form of renewable energy. According to the American
Wind Energy Association, wind power costs just 40% as much as solar power. Excellent
incentives are available to make wind power the right choice. One of the greatest
advantages of Wind Energy is that it is ample. Secondly, wind energy is renewable. Some
other advantages of Wind Energy are that it is widely distributed, cheap, and also
reducing toxic gas emissions. Wind Energy is also advantageous over traditional methods
of creating energy, in the sense that it is getting cheaper and cheaper to produce wind
energy. Wind Energy may soon be the cheapest way to produce energy on a large scale.
The cost of producing wind energy has come down by at least eighty percent since the
eighties. Along with economy, Wind Energy is also said to diminish the greenhouse
effect. Also, wind energy generates no pollution. Wind Energy is also a more permanent
type of energy. The wind will exist till the time the sun exists, which is roughly another
four billion years. Theoretically, if all the wind power available to humankind is
harnessed, there can be ten times of energy we use, readily available. One other
advantage of wind energy that it is readily available around the globe, and therefore there
would be no need of dependence for energy for any country. Wind energy may be the
answer to the globe's question of energy in the face of the rising petroleum and gas prices
and continuously decreasing the reserves of the conventional sources.

FEATURES OF THE WIND TURBINE

 FEATURES OF THE WIND TURBINE

 It is compact in size

 It can be move

 No need of electrical power consumption

 It can be utilized any place

 It is simple in construction

 Low cost

 Least maintenance and easy to handle

 There is no need of manual monitoring and control

 FINISHING PAINTING

FINISHING AND PAINTING

JOB PREPARATION;

Before welding, remove any bend in the L angle with the sludge hammer on the anvil
block. Then it is cut to the required length with the hacksaw blade and fabricated to
required dimensional shape with arc welding.
FINISHING OPERATION BEFORE PAINTING;

After welding, any slag on the welded area is removed with the chipping hammer and
cleaned with the metal wire brush. Then all the surfaces are rubbed with the emery sheet.

Metal primer is applied on the surfaces with the brush .After drying the metal primer,
the second coating is applied with the paint.
 COST ESTIMATION

COST ESTIMATION

1. Dc generator (1X 400)------- -------- 400.00

2. Bearing with turbine unit-------1 NO------------- 2200.00

3. M.S Stand ---------------------------- 2000.00

4. Miscellanies charges ---------------------------------- 300.00

5. Painting cost -------------------------------------------- 200.00

6.battery with charger circuit ------------------------------- 900.00

-------------------

TOTAL ------------- 6000.00

-------------------
 CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

Our work and the results obtained so far are very encouraging and reinforce the
conviction that vertical axis wind energy conversion systems are practical and potentially
very contributive to the production of clean renewable electricity from the wind even
under less than ideal sitting conditions. It is hoped that they may beconstructed used
high‐strength, low‐weight materials for deployment in more developed nations and
settings or with very low tech local materials and local skills in less developed
countries.The Savoniuswind turbine designed is ideal to be located on top of a bridge or
bridges to generate electricity, powered by wind. The elevated altitude gives it an
advantage for more wind opportunity. With the idea on top of a bridge, it will power up
street lightsand or commercial use. In most cities, bridges are a faster route for everyday
commute and in need of constant lighting makes this an efficient way to produce natural
energy

We make this project entirely different from other projects. Since concepts
involved in our project is entirely different that a single unit is used to various purposes,
which is not developed by any of other team members.
By doing this project we gained the knowledge of fabrication work and how the
welding is doing and material selection for particular components etc.,

Once again we express our sincere thanks to our staff members.

 BIBILOGRAPHY

BIBILOGRAPHY

1.www.home-energy.com. [Online] [Cited: 06 02 2013.]

http://home-energy.com/int/ebv200.htm.

2.Honeywell wind turbine is a breeze to run – and a light one at that. Gizgam. [Online]
[Cited: 06 022013.]
http://www.gizmag.com/earthtronics-honeywell-windgate-wind-turbine/11990/.

3.www.microstrain.ie. [Online] [Cited: 06 02 2013.]

http://www.microstrain.ie/hannevind.html.
4. www.bettergeneration.co.uk. [Online] [Cited: 06 02 2013.]
http://www.bettergeneration.co.uk/wind-turbine-reviews/windsave-ws1000-wind-
turbine.html.

5.www.bergey.com. [Online] [Cited: 06 02 2013.]

http://bergey.com/products/wind-turbines/10kwbergey-excel.

6. www.windenergy.com. [Online] [Cited: 06 02 2013.]

http://windenergy.com/products/skystream/skystream-3.7.

7.better generation. [Online] [Cited: 04 02 2013.]

http://www.bettergeneration.co.uk/wind-turbinereviews/honeywell-wt6500-wind-
turbine.html.

8. www.renewabledevices.com. [Online] [Cited: 06 02 2013.]

http://renewabledevices.com/rd-swiftturbines/
overview/.
PHOTOVIEW