Morang Building - 2

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 2
2. OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................................... 2
3. SCOPE.................................................................................................................................. 2
4. FIELD INVESTIGATION ........................................................................................................ 2
6. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION....................................................................................... 3
6.1. Water Content Test (Natural Moisture Content) ........................................................... 3
6.2. Particle Size Analysis ....................................................................................................... 3
6.3. Atterberg Limits .............................................................................................................. 5
6.4. Direct Shear Test ............................................................................................................. 6
7. ENGINEERING CONSIDERATION AND ANALYSIS ......................................................... 6
7.1. Correction of N (SPT Nos. from field) ............................................................................. 6
7.2. Allowable Bearing Pressure ............................................................................................ 8
7.3. Allowable Bearing Pressure Based on Ultimate Bearing Capacity ................................ 8
7.4. Allowable Bearing Pressure Based on Tolerable Settlement ......................................... 9
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................... 11
ANNEX-1 Bore Log
ANNEX-2 Test and Calculation Sheet
ANNEX-3 Photographs
Geotechnical report on soil investigation of Building at Kerabari Ga pa-10, Morang
1. INTRODUCTION
The report presents the detail geotechnical soil investigation works in order to prepare
the design of Building at Kerabari Ga pa-10, Morang. The geotechnical investigation
works comprise the exploratory drilling, in-situ field testing of DCPT test, borehole
logging, collection of samples to perform necessary tests on soil samples for detail
information on subsurface conditions of the soil strata. The work finally develops safe
bearing capacity of the foundation for the proposed building.
2. OBJECTIVES
This investigation works aim to carry out subsurface investigation and acquire soil
parameters required for the design of building with International standard
and norms.
3. SCOPE
The scope of work comprises the following activities:

Field investigation Program
 Rotary Drilling
 Standard Penetration Test
Laboratory investigations
 Moisture content
 Sieve analysis (coarse / fine grained soil)
 Direct shear test
Factual report with all field and laboratory test data sheets together with conclusion
and recommendation are included in the report.
4. FIELD INVESTIGATION
The field investigation was mainly consisted of three boreholes at proposed BH1, BH2
and BH3. The boreholes BH1/2/3 is located on premises of the building site. All
borehole drilled and reached up to 12m depth. The investigation work was started on
23/12/2079 and completed on 25/12/2079. The drilling work was performed with
2
Rotary drilling machine. Casings of 6 inch diameter were used for purpose of protecting
hole from collapsing by side fall or caving.
The standard penetration tests (SPT) consist of driving a split-spoon sampler with an
outside diameter of 50mm into the soil at the base of borehole. Driving was
accomplished by a trip hammer weighing 63.5kg falling freely through a height of 75cm
onto the drive head which was fitted at the top of rods. First of all the split spoon was
driven 15cm into the soil at the bottom of the borehole. It was then driven a further
30cm and the number of blows required to drive for each 15cm distance was recorded.
The blow count for driving last 30cm penetration was referred to SPT ‘N’ value. The
equipment with attached SPT hammer was according to ASTM D 1586. The results of
the SPT test are shown in the respective bore hole logs; Annex-I.
5. NATURE OF SOIL STRATA
Altogether three bore holes were driven to depth of 12m to unravel the local subsurface
condition, nature and depth of the soil strata. All borehole have high content of medium
coarse to fine grained silty sand with sand traces of gravel.
6. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
The selective samples from the various depth from the proposed building site were
taken. The laboratory tests of both undisturbed and disturbed samples were performed.
The test comprised of natural moisture content, grain size analysis (sieve analysis,
Moisture Content and Direct shear test).
6.1. Water Content Test (Natural Moisture Content)

Natural moisture content test had been determined in accordance with ASTM D2216
(Oven –drying method) of Core Samples.
6.2. Particle Size Analysis

Soil gradation is a classification of a coarse-grained soil that ranks the soil based on the
different particle sizes contained in the soil. Soil gradation is an important aspect of soil
mechanics and geotechnical engineering because it is an indicator of other engineering
properties such as compressibility, shear strength, and hydraulic conductivity. In a
3
design, the gradation of the in situ or on site soil often controls the design and ground
water drainage of the site. A poorly graded soil will have better drainage than a well
graded soil.
Soil is graded as either well graded or poorly graded. Poorly graded soils are further
divided into uniformly-graded or gap-graded soils. Soil gradation is determined by
analyzing the results of a sieve analysis or a hydrometer analysis.
The process for grading a soil is in accordance with either the Unified Soil Classification
System or the AASHTO Soil Classification System. Gradation of a soil is determined by
reading the grain size distribution curve produced from the results of laboratory tests
on the soil.
Calculating the Coefficients of Uniformity and Curvature
Calculating the coefficients of uniformity and curvature requires grain diameters. The
grain diameter can be found for each percent of the soil passing a particular sieve. This
means that if 40% of the sample is retained on the No. 20 sieve then there is 60%
passing the No. 20 sieve.
The coefficient of uniformity, Cu is a crude shape parameter and is calculated using the
following equation:
Where, D60 is the grain diameter at 60% passing, and
D10 is the grain diameter at 10% passing.
The coefficient of curvature, Cc is a shape parameter and is calculated using the

following equation:
Where, D60 is the grain diameter at 60% passing, D30 is the grain diameter at 30%
passing, and D10 is the grain diameter at 10% passing.
Criteria for Grading Soils
The following criteria are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System:
4
For a gravel to be classified as well graded, the following criteria must be met: Cu > 4 &
1 < Cc < 3. If both of these criteria are met, the gravel is classified as well graded or GW.
If both of these criteria are not met, the gravel is classified as poorly graded or GP.
For a sand to be classified as well graded, the following criteria must be met: Cu > 6 & 1
< Cc < 3. If both of these criteria are met, the sand is classified as well graded or SW. If
both of these criteria are not met, the sand is classified as poorly graded or SP.
6.3. Atterberg Limits

The Atterberg limits are the basic measures of the nature of a fine-grained soil.
Depending on the water content of the soil, it may appear in four states: solid, semi-
solid, plastic and liquid. In each state the consistency and behavior of a soil is different
and thus so are its engineering properties.
The liquid limit (LL) is the water content at which a soil changes from plastic to liquid
behavior. Casagrande standardized the apparatus and the procedures to make the
measurement more repeatable. Soil is placed into the metal cup, portion of the device
and a groove is made down its center with a standardized tool of 13.5 millimeters
width. The cup is repeatedly dropped 10mm onto a hard rubber base at a rate of 120
blows per minute, during which the groove closes up gradually as a result of the impact.
The number of blows for the groove to close is recorded. The moisture content at which
it takes 25 drops of the cup to cause the groove to close over a distance of 13.5
millimeters is defined as the liquid limit. The test is normally run at several moisture
contents, and the moisture content which requires 25 blows to close the groove is
interpolated from the test results.
The plastic limit (PL) is the water content where soil transitions between brittle and
plastic behavior. The sample is rolled up to the diameter of 3 mm when it starts to
crumbles; the percentage of water content is recorded. The plastic limit test is defined
by ASTM standard test method D 4318.
Classification of Soil
The soil samples are classified according to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)
based on the laboratory tests i.e. gradation test and Atterberg limit test.
5
6.4. Direct Shear Test
This test is performed to determine the consolidated-drained shear strength of a sandy

to silty soil. The shear strength is one of the most important engineering properties of a
soil, because it is required whenever a structure is dependent on the soil’s shearing
resistance.
Direct shear tests can be performed under several conditions. The sample is normally
saturated before the test is run, but can be run at the in-situ moisture content. The rate
of strain can be varied to create a test of undrained or drained conditions, depending
whether the strain is applied slowly enough for water in the sample to prevent pore-
water pressure build up. In the laboratory, a direct shear device will be used to
determine the shear strength of cohesion less soil (i.e. angle of internal friction (Φ)).
From the plot of the shear stress versus the horizontal displacement, the maximum
shear stress is obtained for a specific vertical confining stress. After the experiment is
run several times for various vertical-confining stresses, a plot of the maxi mum shear
stresses versus the vertical (normal) confining stresses for each of the tests is produced.
From the plot, a straight-line approximation of the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope
curve can be drawn, Φ may be determined, and, for cohesion less soils, the shear
strength can be computed from the following equation:
τ=σtanΦ
7. ENGINEERING CONSIDERATION AND ANALYSIS
Considering the site condition following corrections are made to correct SPT blow count
in general way and shown in Annex-I.
7.1. Correction of N (SPT Nos. from field)
a) Overburden Pressure Correction
The correction for overburden pressure for the SPT blow count is necessary and made
with the following equation:
6
2000
N corr  0.77  N r  log ……………………………………(7.1)
'
Where, Nr= SPT Blows count from field
σ’ = Effective over burden pressure in kN/m2
(For granular material, sandy, silty/clayey and organic clay the sigma value is chosen
22, 20, 18, and 16kN/m2 respectively. The water table correction for the respective part
is -10)
7
b) Dialatancy Correction
Dialtancy correction is to be applied when obtained after overburden correction,

exceeds 15 in saturated fine sands and silts. The standard incorporates the Terzaghi and
Peck recommended dilatancy correction (when > 15) using the equation
N= Nr (when Nr≤ 15) and N= 15+ (Nr-15)/2 ……………(7.2)
Where, Nr= SPT Blows count from field
7.2. Allowable Bearing Pressure

The allowable bearing pressure (qa) is the maximum pressure that can be imposed on
the foundation soil taking into consideration the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil
and the tolerable settlement of the structure. Analysis to determine the ultimate
bearing capacity and the pressure corresponding to a specified maximum settlement
were performed and the minimum pressure obtained from the two analyses were
adopted as the allowable bearing pressure.
7.3. Allowable Bearing Pressure Based on Ultimate Bearing Capacity

Since the soil in the vicinity of the foundation level has been found to be granular or
non-plastic, cohesion less sand through-out the site, the allowable bearing capacity has
been analyzed using the N-values from SPT results. Empirical formula of Teng (1988)
for granular soils based on the SPT values has been used to obtained the allowable
bearing pressure with safety factor 3.
For Open Foundation
{2  N 2  B  RW  6 (100  N 2 )  D  RW }
'
qa  ....(7.4)
3
where:
qa Ultimate Bearing Capacity, psf
N Corrected SPT Value

B Width of Foundation, ft
D Depth of Foundation, ft
Rw & Rw’ Water Table Correction Factor (Fig 7.1)
7.4. Allowable Bearing Pressure Based on Tolerable Settlement

The maximum allowable settlement for footings in sand is generally 40 mm to 65 mm
(Skempton and MacDonald, 1955). The method of Teng (1988) has been employed for
the analysis. This method is a modification of the method proposed by Terzaghi and
Peck (1948) such that the allowable bearing pressure could directly be obtained from
the SPT values.
For isolated footing and strip footing:
(B  1) 2  D
qn  720( N  3) { } R w' 1   ...(7.5)
2B  B
Where, qn is the net allowable bearing pressure in psf for maximum settlement of 25
mm. The other notations are same as in Eqn. 7.3.
9
Footing
h
Water Level
D
d0
Water d0
level
H
(a)
1.0 1.0
0.9 0.9
Reduction factor R
0.8 Reduction factor R 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
d0/D d0/B
(b) (c)
Fig. 6.4 Correction factor for position of water level: (a) depth of water level with
respect to dimension of footing; (b) water level above base of footing; (c) water
Fig. 7.1. Correction factor for position of water level: (a) depth of water level with respect to
level below base of footing. After AREA.
dimension of footing; (b) water level above base of footing; (c) water level below base of
footing. After AREA.
The minimum average SPT values from the boreholes in each structure have been
selected for the analysis of bearing capacity of the relevant structure.
The allowable bearing pressure for a limiting settlement other than 25 mm (e.g. x mm)
can be linearly interpolated from the allowable bearing pressure for 25 mm settlement.
10
7.1 Table of Spread footing Bearing Capacity
Dimension/depth 1.5m 2.0m 2.5m 3.0m
1.5mx1.5m 149.0 KN/m2 162.0 KN/m2 176.0 KN/m2 190.0 KN/m2
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
1. The detail field and geotechnical investigations of two boreholes driven at site have
revealed mostly sand material, , SP soil types as per the Unified Soil Classification System.
NBC CODE 105 2020 The soil classifeied as Type “B” From Depth of 1.5m
2. The sand have high SPT values indicating high Bearing Capacity
3. The proportion of the gravel sand is very high in all the boreholes. While plastic index
doesnot exist.
5. Spread footing is recommended.
7.1 Table of Spread footing Bearing Capacity
Dimension/depth 1.5m 2.0m 2.5m 3.0m
11
MAT Foundation
Bearing Pressure Calculation Sheet for MAT Foundation
Project: Soil Investigation Work Of Building

Location: morang
Raft Size: = 8m ( Least Dimension of the MAT foundation)
S.N. Parameter Unit Values
1 Depth of Foundation D m 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.5

Width of Foundation( Least Value of
2 B m 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
The Dimension)
3 Least of three borehole value SPT 'N60' N60 8.68 8 9 10
Net Allowable Bearing Capacity, Qnet

8 Qnet KN/m2 41.3 38.8 45.4 53.2
25mm Settlement
6 Qnet Bearing Capacity(50mm Qnet KN/m2 248.0 233.0 272.2 319.1

Settlement)
7 Qnet t/m2 24.8 23.3 27.2 31.9
8 Modulus of Subgrade Reaction For
Ks KN/m3 7440.99 6991.26 8164.88 9571.61
50mm settlement

Location: morang
Raft Size: =10m ( Least Dimension of the MAT foundation)

2 B m 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
The Dimension)

8 Qnet KN/m2 10.4 37.7 43.7 50.8
25mm Settlement

Settlement)
7 Qnet t/m2 6.3 22.6 26.2 30.5
8 Modulus of Subgrade Reaction Ks KN/m3 1878.89 6785.52 7870.02 9138.33
12

Location: morang

2 B m 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
The Dimension)

8 Qnet KN/m2 10.3 36.9 42.6 49.2
25mm Settlement

Settlement)
7 Qnet t/m2 6.2 22.2 25.6 29.5

Location: morang

2 B m 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
The Dimension)

8 Qnet KN/m2 10.1 36.2 41.6 47.6
25mm Settlement

Settlement)
7 Qnet t/m2 6.0 21.7 25.0 28.6
13
6. Angle of friction is 31 degree and Cohesion can be taken 0 KN/m2.
7. The foundation depth should be selected from the designed strength and site condition
8. NO liquefaction potential in the region.
14
ANNEX-1 BORE HOLE LOG
Bore Hole Log
Project: Geotechnical soil investigation of building Sheet no: 1 of 3
Client: Start Date: 23/12/2079
Location:Kerabari Ga pa-10, Morang Finish Date: 25/12/2079
Bore Hole:BH1 Easting:
Drilling Type: Rotary Northing:
GW level:N/A Elevation:
No of Blows
Depth
Depth Sample Barrel and Soil N
Scale 1 cell
Casing
Soil Classification Type 15c 15c 15c RQD
m Run symbol value
= 0.5m m m m
1
DCPT 15 26 39 65
2
3 DCPT 21 36 44 80
4
DCPT 23 39 49 88
5
6 DCPT 29 39 61 100
12 R1 Fine to coarse sand
7
DCPT 33 42 56 98
8
9 DCPT 34 44 59 103
10
DCPT 37 47 61 108
11
12 DCPT 42 54 66 120
Borehole Ended at the depth of 9m

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Logged by : Dawa Tamang Approved By Bhupendra sah
Bore Hole Log
Bore Hole:JBH2 Easting:
GW level: N/A Elevation:
No of Blows
Depth
Scale 1 cell
Casing
m Run symbol value
= 0.5m m m m
1
SPT 9 11 13 24
2
3 SPT 10 9 18 27
6 R1 Fine to coarse sand gravel
4
SPT 13 15 20 35
5
6 SPT 17 22 27 49
7
DCPT 26 31 39 70
8
9 DCPT 29 36 44 80
12 R2 Gravel Boulder
10
DCPT 32 39 49 88
11
12 DCPT 39 46 59 105
13 Borehole Ended at the depth of 12m
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Bore Hole Log
Bore Hole:JBH3 Easting:
GW level: N/A Elevation:
No of Blows
Depth
Scale 1 cell
Casing
m Run symbol value
= 0.5m m m m
1
SPT 10 11 16 27
2
3 SPT 12 12 21 33
6 R1 Fine to coarse sand gravel
4
SPT 13 16 26 42
5
6 SPT 18 24 29 53
7
DCPT 27 39 41 80
8
9 DCPT 30 38 48 86
12 R2 Gravel Boulder
10
DCPT 32 39 49 88
11
12 DCPT 39 49 61 110
13 Borehole Ended at the depth of 12m
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
ANNEX -2 LABORATORY TEST SHEET AND
CALCULATIONS
MOISTURE CONTENT
Project Soil Investigation Work For building

Location Morang
Test No. NMC
LOCATION:---> BH 1
SAMPLE DEPTH, m : ---> 1.5 3.0 4.5
Container No. No
Wt. of Container + Wt. of Wet Soil gm 91.0 222.0 153.0 154.0 177.0 188.0
Wt. of Container + Wt. of Dry Soil gm 87.0 210.0 145.0 150.0 170.0 180.0
Wt. of Water, Ww gm 4.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 7.0 8.0
Wt. of Empty Container gm 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
Wt. of Dry Soil, Wd gm 62.0 185.0 120.0 125.0 145.0 155.0
Moisture Content % 6.5 6.5 6.7 3.2 4.8 5.2
Average Moisture Content % 6.5 4.9 5.0
LOCATION:---> BH 2
SAMPLE DEPTH, m : ---> 1.5m 3.0 4.5
Container No. No
Wt. of Water, Ww gm 16.0 10.0 12.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
MOISTURE CONTENT
Project Soil Investigation Work For building

Location Morang
Test No. NMC
LOCATION:---> BH 3
SAMPLE DEPTH, m : ---> 1.5 3.0 4.5
Container No. No
Wt. of Water, Ww gm 5.0 10.0 8.0 11.0 10.0 9.0
Sieve Analysis (ASTM D 136, 422)
Project: Soil investigation of building Sample ID: BH1

Location: Morang
Sample from:
Sample Depth: 1.5-4.5 m
Oven Dry Wt.: 550.0 gm
Wt. Retained, Cum. Retained, Cum Wt.

Diam. (mm) Sieve No. Passing, % Remarks
gm gm Ret., %
19 3/4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
12.5 1/2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
9.5 3/8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
4.75 #4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
2.36 #8 56.0 56.0 10.2 89.8
1.18 # 16 76.0 132.0 24.0 76.0
0.3 # 50 66.0 198.0 36.0 64.0
0.15 #100 33.0 231.0 42.0 58.0
0.075 #200 45.0 276.0 50.2 49.8
Washed #200
Pan 0.9
Results:
Gravel % 0.0 D10 = 0.0300
Sand % 50.2 D30 = 0.1500
Fines % Silt 44.2 D50 = 1.5000
Fines % Clay 5.6 D60 = 2.5000
Coefficient of Uniformity (Cu) = D60/D10 = 83.33
2
Coefficient of Curvature (Cc) = (D30)^ /(D60*D10)= 0.30
HYDROMETER ANALYSIS ASTM D 422
Project : Soil investigation of building Sample ID: BH1

Location: Morang
Sample from: 0
Test No.: DH 02-H2
Gs = 2.500
yw = 0.99802
m= 9.81
yc = 0.9965 SOIL SAMPLE WEIGHT
Tested Sample Poured off
Hydrometer No : 1 Container No. B-16

Dispersing Agent : Sodium HM 4% Weight of Container + Dry Soil g 106.8
Amount : 5 g per 125 cc Weight of Container g 56.8
Meniscus correction x 1,000= 0.50 Weight of Dry Soil, Ws g 50
Total Weight Dry Soil g 50
Fraction Finer No. 200 Sieve= 49.8 %
Elapsed N= D=
Date Time Hyd. Time, t R= Rw = Temp. R-Rw K1(R-Rw) Rc Zr Zr (cm) K2 Zr N'
0
Reading min 1000 (r-1) 1000(yw-1) c % cm. t (min) t %
2-Mar 1.01300 0.25 13.00 -0.90 15 13.90 46.17 13.50 14.63 7.650 0.1081 23.0
1.01200 0.50 12.00 -0.90 15 12.90 42.85 12.50 14.97 5.472 0.0773 21.3
1.01100 1.00 11.00 -0.90 15 11.90 39.53 11.50 15.31 3.912 0.0553 19.7
1.01000 2.00 10.00 -0.90 16 10.90 36.21 10.50 15.65 2.797 0.0395 18.0
1.00800 3.00 8.00 -0.90 16 8.90 29.56 8.50 13.21 2.099 0.0297 14.7
1.00750 5.00 7.50 -0.90 16 8.40 27.90 8.00 13.38 1.636 0.0231 13.9
1.00700 8.00 7.00 -0.90 16 7.90 26.24 7.50 13.55 1.302 0.0184 13.1
1.00650 15.00 6.50 -0.90 18 7.40 24.58 7.00 13.72 0.956 0.0135 12.2
1.00500 30.00 5.00 -0.90 18 5.90 19.60 5.50 14.23 0.689 0.0097 9.8
1.00250 60.00 2.50 -0.90 18 3.40 11.29 3.00 15.07 0.501 0.0071 5.6
1.00250 120.00 2.50 -0.90 18 3.40 11.29 3.00 15.07 0.354 0.0050 5.6
1.00250 240.00 2.50 -0.90 18 3.40 11.29 3.00 15.07 0.251 0.0035 5.6
6/4 1.00250 1200.00 2.50 -0.90 16 3.40 11.29 3.00 15.07 0.112 0.0016 5.6
K1 = yc x Gs x 100 = 3.321666667 yc = Unit Wt. of water at the temp.of hydrometer

(Gs - 1) Ws calibration, g/cm3
Gs = Specific gravity of solids
Ws = Wt. Of dry soil, g
K2 = 5.531 x 10-3 m= 0.014132779 m= Viscosity of water at the temp. of the test,
ys-yw millipoises
ys = Unit Wt. of soil grains, g/cm3
yw = Unit Wt. of water at the temp.of the test, g/cm3

Location: Morang
Sample from: 0
GRAVEL SAND
Unified Soil Classification COBBLES SILT or CLAY
System Coarse Fine Coarse Medium Fine
A A S H T O Classification GRAVEL SAND SILT CLAY

BOULDERS Coarse Medium Fine Coarse Fine
GRAVEL SAND
ASTM Classification BOULDER COBBLE SILT CLAY
Coarse Fine Coarse Medium Fine
BS GRAVEL SAND SILT

BOULDERS COBBLE CLAY
Classification Coarse Medium Fine Coarse Medium Fine Coarse Medium Fine
100
90
80
70
Percentage passing
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Particle size mm

Location: Morang
Sample from:

gm gm Ret., %
19 3/4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
12.5 1/2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
9.5 3/8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
4.75 #4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
2.36 #8 44.0 44.0 8.8 91.2
1.18 # 16 36.0 80.0 16.0 84.0
0.3 # 50 88.0 168.0 33.6 66.4
0.15 #100 45.0 213.0 42.6 57.4
0.075 #200 32.0 245.0 49.0 51.0
Washed #200
Pan 0.0
Results:
Gravel % 0.0 D10 = 0.030
Sand % 49.0 D30 = 0.2000
Fines % (Silt 47.8 D50 = 1.2000
Clay 3.2 D60 = 3.0000
2

Location: Morang
Sample from: 0
Test No.: DH 02-H1
Gs = 2.500
yw = 0.99802
m= 9.81

Dispersing Agent : Sodium HM 4% Weight of Container + Dry Soil g 106.8
Amount : 5 g per 125 cc Weight of Container g 56.8
Elapsed N= D=
0
2-Mar 1.01300 0.25 13.00 -0.90 15 13.90 46.17 13.50 14.63 7.650 0.1081 23.5
1.01200 0.50 12.00 -0.90 15 12.90 42.85 12.50 14.97 5.472 0.0773 21.9
1.01100 1.00 11.00 -0.90 15 11.90 39.53 11.50 15.31 3.912 0.0553 20.2
1.01000 2.00 10.00 -0.90 16 10.90 36.21 10.50 15.65 2.797 0.0395 18.5
1.00800 3.00 8.00 -0.90 16 8.90 29.56 8.50 13.21 2.099 0.0297 15.1
1.00750 5.00 7.50 -0.90 16 8.40 27.90 8.00 13.38 1.636 0.0231 14.2
1.00700 8.00 7.00 -0.90 16 7.90 26.24 7.50 13.55 1.302 0.0184 13.4
1.00650 15.00 6.50 -0.90 18 7.40 24.58 7.00 13.72 0.956 0.0135 12.5
1.00500 30.00 5.00 -0.90 18 5.90 19.60 5.50 14.23 0.689 0.0097 10.0
1.00250 60.00 2.50 -0.90 18 3.40 11.29 3.00 15.07 0.501 0.0071 5.8
1.00150 120.00 1.50 -0.90 18 2.40 7.97 2.00 15.41 0.358 0.0051 4.1
1.00100 240.00 1.00 -0.90 18 1.90 6.31 1.50 15.58 0.255 0.0036 3.2
6/4 1.00100 1200.00 1.00 -0.90 16 1.90 6.31 1.50 15.58 0.114 0.0016 3.2
.

ys-yw millipoises

Location: Morang
Sample from: 0
GRAVEL SAND

GRAVEL SAND
BS GRAVEL SAND SILT

100
90
80
70
Percentage passing
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Particle size mm

Location: Morang
Sample from:

gm gm Ret., %
19 3/4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
12.5 1/2 45.0 45.0 9.0 91.0
9.5 3/8 66.0 111.0 22.2 77.8
4.75 #4 45.0 156.0 31.2 68.8
2.36 #8 55.0 211.0 42.2 57.8
1.18 # 16 62.0 273.0 54.6 45.4
0.3 # 50 189.0 462.0 92.4 7.6
0.15 #100 16.0 478.0 95.6 4.4
0.075 #200 1.0 479.0 95.8 4.2
Washed #200
Pan 40.0
Results:
Gravel % 31.2 D10 = 0.040
Sand % 64.6 D30 = 0.3000
Fines % (Silt) 3.9 D50 = 0.6000
Fines % (Clay) 0.3 D60 = 0.9000
2

Location: Morang
Sample from: 0
Test No.: DH 02-H3
Gs = 2.500
yw = 0.99802
m= 9.81

Dispersing Agent : Sodium HM 4% Weight of Container + Dry Soil g 100
Amount : 5 g per 125 cc Weight of Container g 50
Elapsed N= D=
0
2-Mar 1.01300 0.25 13.00 -0.90 15 13.90 46.17 13.50 14.63 7.650 0.1081 1.9
1.01200 0.50 12.00 -0.90 15 12.90 42.85 12.50 14.97 5.472 0.0773 1.8
1.01100 1.00 11.00 -0.90 15 11.90 39.53 11.50 15.31 3.912 0.0553 1.7
1.01000 2.00 10.00 -0.90 16 10.90 36.21 10.50 15.65 2.797 0.0395 1.5
1.00800 3.00 8.00 -0.90 16 8.90 29.56 8.50 13.21 2.099 0.0297 1.2
1.00750 5.00 7.50 -0.90 16 8.40 27.90 8.00 13.38 1.636 0.0231 1.2
1.00700 8.00 7.00 -0.90 16 7.90 26.24 7.50 13.55 1.302 0.0184 1.1
1.00650 15.00 6.50 -0.90 18 7.40 24.58 7.00 13.72 0.956 0.0135 1.0
1.00500 30.00 5.00 -0.90 18 5.90 19.60 5.50 14.23 0.689 0.0097 0.8
1.00250 60.00 2.50 -0.90 18 3.40 11.29 3.00 15.07 0.501 0.0071 0.5
1.00150 120.00 1.50 -0.90 18 2.40 7.97 2.00 15.41 0.358 0.0051 0.3
1.00100 240.00 1.00 -0.90 18 1.90 6.31 1.50 15.58 0.255 0.0036 0.3
6/4 1.00100 1200.00 1.00 -0.90 16 1.90 6.31 1.50 15.58 0.114 0.0016 0.3

ys-yw millipoises

Location: Morang
Sample from: 0
GRAVEL SAND

GRAVEL SAND
BS GRAVEL SAND SILT

100
90
80
70
Percentage passing
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Particle size mm
DIRECT SHEAR TEST, ASTM D 3080
Project : Building project
Location : Morang
Material Description : Sandy gravel BH-1
Depth(mtr.) : 1.5--3.0 m
Test No 1 2 3
Wt of Wet Soil + Can g 182 179 178 Strain Rate: 0.625mm/min
Wt of Dry Soil + Can g 151 153 154 Least Count of Strain Dial: 0.01mm
Weight of Water g 31 26 24 Least Count of Vertical Dial: -
Weight of Container g 12.8 12.3 14 Proving Ring Constant: 0.9 KN/m²
Weight Dry Soil g 138.2 140.7 140
Water Content. W. % 22.4 18.5 17.1
SOIL SPECIMENT MEASUREMENTS

Length, l cm. 6.0 6.0 6.0
Bredth, b cm. 6.0 6.0 6.0
Height, h cm. 2.5 2.5 2.5
Plan Area cm2. 36.0 36.0 36.0
Volume cm3 90.0 90.0 90.0
Weight of wet Soil +
g 332.0 333.0 331.0
Container
Weight of dry Soil +
g 84.9 93.9 94.6
Container
Weight of Water g 247.1 239.1 236.4
Wet Unit Weight, Kn/m3 26.9 26.1 25.8
Dry Unit Weight yd =
Kn/m3 22.0 22.0 22.0
100*yT/(100+W)
Normal Load (σn) 50 KN/m2 Normal Load (σn) 100 KN/m2 Normal Load (σn) 200 KN/m2
Strain Dial div Shear Stress Load Reading Shear Stress Load Reading Shear Stress
Load Reading Dial
KN/m2 Dial KN/m2 Dial KN/m2
0.25 11.0 10.56 18.0 17.3 35.0 33.6
0.50 14.0 13.44 24.0 23.0 45.0 43.2
0.75 15.0 14.4 25.0 24.0 52.0 49.9
1.00 17.0 16.32 26.0 25.0 54.0 51.8
1.25 19.0 18.24 27.0 25.9 65.0 62.4
1.50 22.0 21.12 27.0 25.9 71.0 68.2
1.75 29.0 27.84 30.0 28.8 73.0 70.1
2.00 35.0 33.6 32.0 30.7 78.0 74.9
2.50 0 37.0 35.5 86.0 82.6
3.00 0 44.0 42.2 90.0 86.4
3.50 0 50.0 48.0 95.0 91.2
4.00 0 55.0 52.8 102.0 97.9
4.50 0 56.0 53.8 110.0 105.6
5.00 0 60.0 57.6 115.0 110.4
5.50 0 0.0 120.0 115.2
6.00 0 0.0 130.0 124.8
6.50 0 0.0 0.0
7.00 0 0.0 0.0
7.50 0 0.0 0.0
8.00 0 0.0 0.0
8.50 0 0.0 0.0
0 0.0 0.0
Tested By : Checked By:
DIRECT SHEAR TEST
ASTM D 3080 -98

Location : Morang
Depth(mtr.) : 1.5--3.0 m
SHEAR STRESS VS NORMAL STRESS

140.0
y = 0.6171x
120.0
100.0
f = Shear Stress kN/m2
80.0
60.0
40.0
C = 14 KN/m2
ø = Tan-¹ (23 -14)/160
20.0
=
0.0
0 50 100 150 200 250
n = Normal Stress kN/m2
Result:
Angle of Internal friction (f) : 31.0

Cohesion (C) kN/m2 : 0.0
Location : Morang
Depth(mtr.) : 1.5-4.5 m
Test No 1 2 3
Wt of Wet Soil + Can g 192.0 185.0 175.0 Strain Rate: 0.625mm/min
Wt of Dry Soil + Can g 158.0 160.0 152.0 Least Count of Strain Dial: 0.01mm
Weight of Water g 34.0 25.0 23.0 Least Count of Vertical Dial: -
Weight of Container g 17.0 15.0 14.0 Proving Ring Constant: 0.96 KN/m²
Weight Dry Soil g 141.0 145.0 138.0
Water Content. W. % 24.1 17.2 16.7
Length, l cm. 6.0 6.0 6.0
Bredth, b cm. 6.0 6.0 6.0
Height, h cm. 2.5 2.5 2.5
Plan Area cm2. 36.0 36.0 36.0
Volume cm3 90.0 90.0 90.0
g 380.0 395.0 385.0
Container
g 150.0 150.0 150.0
Container
Weight of wet Soil g 230.0 245.0 235.0
Kn/m3 20.2 22.8 22.0
100*yT/(100+W)
Strain Dial div
Shear Stress Load Reading Shear Stress Load Reading Shear Stress
Load Reading Dial
0.25 5.0 4.5 20 18.0 29.0 26.1
0.50 7.0 6.3 26.0 23.4 36.0 32.4
0.75 9.0 8.1 33.0 29.7 41.0 36.9
1.00 11.0 9.9 39.0 35.1 43.0 38.7
1.25 13.0 11.7 42.0 37.8 52.0 46.8
1.50 15.0 13.5 48.0 43.2 59.0 53.1
1.75 18.0 16.2 56.0 50.4 70.0 63.0
2.00 22.0 19.8 71.0 63.9 74.0 66.6
2.50 27.0 24.3 0.0 80.0 72.0
3.00 32.0 28.8 0.0 88.0 79.2
3.50 38.0 34.2 0.0 93.0 83.7
4.00 0.0 0.0 101.0 90.9
4.50 0.0 0.0 110.0 99.0
5.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 120.0 108.0
5.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 125.0 112.5
6.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 130.0 117.0
6.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 135.0 121.5
7.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 140.0 126.0
7.50 0.0 0.0 145.0 130.5
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0

DIRECT SHEAR TEST
ASTM D 3080 -98

Location : Morang
Depth(mtr.) : 1.5-4.5
150.0
y = 0.6454x + 0.9
125.0
100.0
75.0
50.0
C = 14 KN/m2
ø = Tan-¹ (23 -14)/160
25.0
=
0.0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Result:

Location : Morang
Material Description : Gravel BH-3
Depth(mtr.) : 1.5-4.5 m
Test No 1 2 3
Wt of Wet Soil + Can g 182 179 178 Strain Rate: 0.625mm/min
Wt of Dry Soil + Can g 151 153 154 Least Count of Strain Dial: 0.01mm
Weight of Water g 31 26 24 Least Count of Vertical Dial: -
Weight of Container g 12.8 12.3 14 Proving Ring Constant: 0.9 KN/m²
Weight Dry Soil g 138.2 140.7 140
Water Content. W. % 22.4 18.5 17.1

Length, l cm. 6.0 6.0 6.0
Bredth, b cm. 6.0 6.0 6.0
Height, h cm. 2.5 2.5 2.5
Plan Area cm2. 36.0 36.0 36.0
Volume cm3 90.0 90.0 90.0
g 332.0 333.0 331.0
Container
g 84.9 93.9 94.6
Container
Weight of Water g 247.1 239.1 236.4
Kn/m3 22.0 22.0 22.0
100*yT/(100+W)
Strain Dial div Shear Stress Load Reading Shear Stress Load Reading Shear Stress
Load Reading Dial
0.25 11.0 10.56 18.0 17.3 35.0 33.6
0.50 14.0 13.44 24.0 23.0 45.0 43.2
0.75 15.0 14.4 25.0 24.0 52.0 49.9
1.00 17.0 16.32 26.0 25.0 54.0 51.8
1.25 19.0 18.24 27.0 25.9 65.0 62.4
1.50 22.0 21.12 27.0 25.9 71.0 68.2
1.75 29.0 27.84 30.0 28.8 73.0 70.1
2.00 33.0 31.68 32.0 30.7 78.0 74.9
2.50 37.0 35.52 37.0 35.5 86.0 82.6
3.00 0 44.0 42.2 90.0 86.4
3.50 0 50.0 48.0 95.0 91.2
4.00 0 55.0 52.8 102.0 97.9
4.50 0 56.0 53.8 120.0 115.2
5.00 0 60.0 57.6 130.0 124.8
5.50 0 62.0 59.5 0.0
6.00 0 63.0 60.5 0.0
6.50 0 0.0 0.0
7.00 0 0.0 0.0
7.50 0 0.0 0.0
8.00 0 0.0 0.0
8.50 0 0.0 0.0
0 0.0 0.0
DIRECT SHEAR TEST
ASTM D 3080 -98

Location : Morang
Material Description : Gravel BH-3
Depth(mtr.) : 1.5-4.5 m

140.0
y = 0.6021x + 3.36
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
C = 14 KN/m2
ø = Tan-¹ (23 -14)/160
20.0
=
0.0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Result:

ANNEX 3: SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
DRILLING PHOTOGRAPHS
Dilling in progress Dilling in progress
Dilling in progress Spt Sample

Morang Building - 2

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Table of Contents

4. FIELD INVESTIGATION ........................................................................................................ 2

6.1. Water Content Test (Natural Moisture Content) ........................................................... 3

6.2. Particle Size Analysis ....................................................................................................... 3

6.3. Atterberg Limits .............................................................................................................. 5

6.4. Direct Shear Test ............................................................................................................. 6

7. ENGINEERING CONSIDERATION AND ANALYSIS ......................................................... 6

7.1. Correction of N (SPT Nos. from field) ............................................................................. 6

7.2. Allowable Bearing Pressure ............................................................................................ 8

7.3. Allowable Bearing Pressure Based on Ultimate Bearing Capacity ................................ 8

7.4. Allowable Bearing Pressure Based on Tolerable Settlement ......................................... 9

8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................... 11

ANNEX-1 Bore Log

ANNEX-2 Test and Calculation Sheet

The scope of work comprises the following activities:

5. NATURE OF SOIL STRATA

6.1. Water Content Test (Natural Moisture Content)

6.2. Particle Size Analysis

Calculating the Coefficients of Uniformity and Curvature

Where, D60 is the grain diameter at 60% passing, and

D10 is the grain diameter at 10% passing.

The coefficient of curvature, Cc is a shape parameter and is calculated using the

Criteria for Grading Soils

6.3. Atterberg Limits

6.4. Direct Shear Test

This test is performed to determine the consolidated-drained shear strength of a sandy

7. ENGINEERING CONSIDERATION AND ANALYSIS

7.1. Correction of N (SPT Nos. from field)

a) Overburden Pressure Correction

σ’ = Effective over burden pressure in kN/m2

Dialtancy correction is to be applied when obtained after overburden correction,

N= Nr (when Nr≤ 15) and N= 15+ (Nr-15)/2 ……………(7.2)

Where, Nr= SPT Blows count from field

7.2. Allowable Bearing Pressure

7.3. Allowable Bearing Pressure Based on Ultimate Bearing Capacity

For Open Foundation

qa Ultimate Bearing Capacity, psf

N Corrected SPT Value

Rw & Rw’ Water Table Correction Factor (Fig 7.1)

7.4. Allowable Bearing Pressure Based on Tolerable Settlement

For isolated footing and strip footing:

0.8 Reduction factor R 0.8

7.1 Table of Spread footing Bearing Capacity

Dimension/depth 1.5m 2.0m 2.5m 3.0m

1.5mx1.5m 149.0 KN/m2 162.0 KN/m2 176.0 KN/m2 190.0 KN/m2

2.0mx2.0m 160.0 KN/m2 206.0 KN/m2 217.0 KN/m2 229.0 KN/m2

2.5mx2.5m 148.0 KN/m2 176.0 KN/m2 206.0 KN/m2 217.0 KN/m2

3.0mx3.0m 133.0 KN/m2 157.0 KN/m2 198.0 KN/m2 209.0 KN/m2

8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5. Spread footing is recommended.

7.1 Table of Spread footing Bearing Capacity

Dimension/depth 1.5m 2.0m 2.5m 3.0m

1.5mx1.5m 149.0 KN/m2 162.0 KN/m2 176.0 KN/m2 190.0 KN/m2

2.0mx2.0m 160.0 KN/m2 206.0 KN/m2 217.0 KN/m2 229.0 KN/m2

2.5mx2.5m 148.0 KN/m2 176.0 KN/m2 206.0 KN/m2 217.0 KN/m2

3.0mx3.0m 133.0 KN/m2 157.0 KN/m2 198.0 KN/m2 209.0 KN/m2

Bearing Pressure Calculation Sheet for MAT Foundation

Project: Soil Investigation Work Of Building