INDEX

GATE – INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK

CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

1 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 1

2 Chemical Bonding 16

3 S-Block 76

4 P-Block 88

5 Coordination Chemistry 179

6 D-Block 275

7 Organometallic 287

8 Inorganic Spectroscopy 327

9 F-Block 361

10 Bio-Inorganic Chemistry 375

11 Acid Base 401

12 Nuclear Chemistry 414

13 Analytical Chemistry 425

14 Instrumental Methods of Analysis 447

15 Extraction of Elements 466

 CHAPTER
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & PERIODICITY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
1. Which of the following species are isoelectronic pairs: 10. The principal quantum number (n) tells about the radius
(a) NH2- and H3O +
(b) NH3 and H3O +
of an orbit (Rn). How is the n related with Rn?
-
(c) BH2 and N (d) CN and N2+ (a) Rn ∝ n2 (b) Rn ∝ n
2 2 6 2 6
2. For an electronic configuration 1s , 2s ,2p , 3s ,3p , (c) Rn ∝1/ n 2
(d) Rn ∝ 1/n
3d5,4s1 the block and group number are: 11. Which of the following are pairs of amphoteric oxides:
(a) d block , 5th group (b) s block , 6th group (a) ZnO and SnO (b) N2O and SiO2
(c) d block , 6th group (d) s block , 1st group (c) B2O3 and CO2 (d) NO and CaO
3. The IUPAC name and symbol for the element having 12. Which of the following anion is less stable?
Atomic number= 105 (a) Be- (b) Li-
(a) Ununpentium (uup) (c) O- (d) C-
(b) unnilpentium (unp) 13. How many electrons can be filled in 4th shell and 4p
(c) nilunpentium (nup) subshell respectively:
(d) ennnilpentium (unp) (a) 10 and 6 (b) 14 and 2
4. Select the correct electronic configuration of Chromium (c) 16 and 6 (d) 18 and 6
+2
(Cr) and Cr respectively : (Given Atomic No of Cr = 24 ) 14. *
What is the the Z for the s and d electron of Zinc
(a) Cr = [Ar] 4s2 3d4 and Cr+2 = [Ar] 3d4 respectively?
(b) Cr = [Ar] 4s1 3d5 and Cr+2 = [Ar] 4s1 3d3 (a) 4.35 and 8.85 (b) 3.65 and 6.15
(c) Cr = [Ar] 4s1 3d5 and Cr+2 = [Ar] 3d4 (c) 5.35 and 8.15 (d) 3.85 and 6.85
(d) Cr = [Ar] 4s2 3d4 and Cr+2 = [Ar] 4s2 3d2 15. Select the correct ionic radius of any element A?
5. For n = 1 , what are the allowed values of l and ml : (a) A- >A > A+ >A2+ (b) A> A+>A2+ > A-
(a) l = 1 , ml = -1 (b) l = 1, ml=0 (c) A2+>A+>A>A- (d) A+>A2+>A>A-
(c) l = 0, ml = 1 (d) l=0, ml= 0 16. Among the following pair which have nearly the same
6. Which of the following set of quantum numbers are not ionic radii?
possible for 5g orbital? (a) N and P (b) B and Al
(a) n=5, l=4 , m=4, s=+1/2 (b) n=5, l=0,m=0, s=-1/2 (c) Be and Mg (d) Zr and Hf
(c) n=5, l=2 , m=3,s=+1/2 (d) n=5 , l=4, m=-4 , s=-1/2 17. Among the following ions which has highest ionic
7. Which of the following set of quantum n, l, m, s mobility in aqueous solution?
respectively are not possible? (a) Li+ (b) Mg+2
(a) 3, 2, 2, 1/2 (b) 4, 3, 3, 1/2 (c) Na+ (d) K+
(c) 3, 2,-1,-1/2 (d) 3, 3, 2, 1/2 18. The correct order of increasing atomic size or ionic size
8. Which of the following atomic orbital electron is filled (a) K+<Ca+2<Se+2 (b) Cl<Mg<Ca
+ +2 -
first among the others? (c) Na <Mg <Cl (d) S2-> O2->As3-
(a) 5d (b) 4f 19. Which of the following ionic size order of these species
is correct?
(c) 7s (d) 6p
(a) S2->S4- (b) Mn+7>Mn
9. The maximum number of electrons in any principal shell
(c) Mn+2<Mn (d) S>S2-
‘n’ is given by:
20. Total no of nodes in 5d orbital?
(a) n2 (b) (2n+1)2
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 2n2 (d) 2n
(c) 1 (d) 3
2 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
21. Which of the following ions, has the highest polarizing (a) Greater than (b) equal
power? (c) Lesser than (d) not fixed.
+ 2+
(a) Na (b) Ca 33. The electron gain enthalpy is lower i.e less negative or
(c) Mn3+ (d) Mn2+ positive for:
2
22. The electronegativity formula = (0.359*Zeff/r ) + 0.744 (a) Alkali metals (b) Alkaline earth metals
where r is in angstrom is given by which scale: (c) Halogens (d) Nitrogen family
(a) Pauling Scale (b) Mulliken Scale 34. Correct order of electron affinities
(c) Allred -Rochow Scale (d) Hanney and Smith (a) Cl>Na>Si>Ar (b) Cl>Si>Na>Ar
23. Which of the following species is more electronegative? (c) Si>Cl Ar >Na (d) Ar>Si>Cl>Na
-
(a) O (b) O 35. Electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is………..
2- +
(c) O (d) O (a) Less negative (b) less positive
24. Which of the following is the correct order of basic (c) more positive (d) more negative
strength of hydroxides ? 36. In which of the following reaction ΔH is positive?
(a) LiOH <NaOH<KOH<CsOH (a) F(g) + e- F-
-
(b) CsOH<KOH<NaOH<LiOH (b) O(g) + e O-
(c) LiOH <KOH<CsOH<NaOH (c) Cl(g) + e- Cl-
(d) LiOH <NaOH<CsOH<KOH (d) O-(g) + e- O2-
25. The correct order of ionisation energy to remove the 37. Which of the following scale relate I.E and E.A to give
electron from s,p,d,f orbitals the electronegativity?
(a) s>p>d>f (b) s<p<d<f (a) Mulliken scale (b) Allred rochow scale
(c) p<d<f<s (d) f<p<s<d (c) Hanney and Smith (d) Pauling scale
26. Which of the following has the highest first ionisation 38. The correct order of covalent character in KCl, CaCl2
energy? ,AlCl3, SiCl4 ?
(a) F (b) N (a) SiCl4>AlCl3>CaCl2>KCl (b) SiCl4<AlCl3<CaCl2<KCl
(c) O (d) Ne (c) AlCl3>SiCl4>CaCl2>KCl (d) SiCl4 >CaCl2 >AlCl3>KCl
27. Which electronic configuration of an atom represents 39. Among the following which has lowest
the lowest second ionization energy? electronegativity?
2 1 2 2 6 1
(a) 1s 2s (b) 1s 2s 2p 3s (a) Mn+2 (b) Mn+5
(c) 1s22s22p63s2 (d) 1s22s22p6 (c) Mn (d) Mn+7
28. Among the following, the correct increasing order of 40. Which of the following anion of oxygen has more
ionization energy is? electron gain enthalpy?
(a) Li<Na<K<Rb<Cs (b) Na<K<Li<Rb<Cs (a) O (b) O-
(c) Cs<Rb<K<Na<Li (d) Rb<Cs<K<Na<Li (c) O2- (d) O3-
29. Among, the following, the correct increasing order of
ionization energy is?
(a) N<O<F<Ne (b) F<O<N<Ne
(c) O<N<F<Ne (d) Ne<N<O<F ANSWER KEY
30. Which of the following ion has the highest ionization 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
energy? c c B c d c d b c a
(a) Li+ (b) Ne+ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(c) O+ (d) F+
a a C a a d d b c a
31. Which of the following relations about ionization energy
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
is correct?
c c D a a d c c c a
(a) N2>O2 and N>O (b) N2>O2 and N<O
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(c) N2<O2 and N>O (d) N2<O2 and N<O
a a B b d d a a c a
32. The second ionization energy of an element is ………….
the first ionization energy.

IFAS Publications
Chapter – 1 Atomic Structure & Periodicity 3

PART 2
1. Which of the following elements has the largest atomic (a) NO (b) CO
radius? (c) BO (d) SO
(a) Be (b) C 13. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle expressed as:
(c) N (d) F (a) Δp Δx > h / 2π (b) Δp Δx < h / 4π
2. The valence electronic configuration of Cr atom (At. no. (c) Δp Δx < h / 2π (d) Δp Δx > h / 4π
24) in its ground state is: 14. Specify which among the following statements describe
(a) 4s1 3d5 (b) 3d5 4s1 uncertainty principle.
1 4 4 2
(c) 4s 3d (d) 3d 4s (a) No two electrons-in an atom can have the same set
3. The largest ionization energy is found with: of four quantum numbers.
(a) alkali metals (b) alkaline earth metals (b) It is impossible to determine simultaneously the
(c) halogens (d) inert gases velocity and momentum of an object with certainty.
4. In Planck's hypothesis E = h𝜈, E is the energy of: (c) Matter like radiation exhibit a dual behavior
(d) It is impossible to simultaneously determine position
(a) a photon (b) a hydrogen atom
and momentum of an object with
(c) one electron (d) one H2 molecule
15. The ionization energy of hydrogen atom in ground state
5. Which one of the following species is not isoelectronic
is 13.6 eV. The ionization energy of Li2+ in ground state
with N2?
would be:
(a) CN- (b) NO
(a) 1.51 eV (b) 4.53 eV
(c) CO (d) CS
(c) 40.8 eV (d) 122.4 eV
6. The ground state electronic configuration of iron is
16 The region in which the following spectral lines are
[Ar]3d6 4s2. The electronic configuration of ferric ion
observed is
is:
P. Lyman series Q. Balmer series R. Paschen series
(a)[Ar]3d 4s0 (b)[Ar]3d5 4s0
(a) P - UV, Q - UV/Vis, R - IR
(c)[Ar]3d44s2 (d)[Ar]3d34s2
(b) P - UV/Vis, Q - UV, R - IR
7. Among the following the one that is not an amphoteric
(c) P-IR, Q - UV, R - Vis/IR
oxide is:
(d) P - UV, Q - IR, R - UN/Vis
(a) Al2O (b) MgO
17. Which of the following substances will produce acidic
(c) ZnO (d) SnO
oxides when burnt in excess air?
8. The minimum uncertainty in the speed of an electron in
Sodium (P), Sulfur (Q) and Methane (R)
a one-dimensional box of length 10-10 m is:
(a) All three (b) Both Q and R
(a) 510 ms-1 (b) 580 kms-1
(c) Only Q (d) Both P and R
(c) 116O kms-1 (d) 5800kms-1
18. If the ground state ionization energy of the hydrogen
9. The longest wavelength transition in the Rainier series
atom is denoted by δ, then the energy required to
of atomic hydrogen is:
ionize an electron from the 3d energy level of the
(a) 656.5 nm (b) 6564.7 nm
hydrogen atom is:
(c) 15233 nm (d) 65647 nm 𝛿
(a) (b)
10. The wavelength possessed by cricket ball of mass, 1 kg':
𝛿
travelling with velocity of 40 ms-1 is: (c) (d)
-38 -35
(a) 1.66 X 10 m (b) 1.66 X 10 m 19. The ionization energy follows the order:
-32 -33
(c) 2.65 X 10 m (d) 1.66 X 10 m (a) O2+ > O2 > O2- > O22- (b) O2 > O2+ > O22-> O2-
11. The function cos (ax) is an eigen function of d2/dx2 with (c) O2- > O22- > O2+ > O2 (d) O22- > O2 > O2- > O2+
an eigen value of: 20. molecular electronic excited state has life time of 10 -9s,
2
(a) -a (b) -a the uncertainty in measuring the frequency (Hz) of the
(c) a (d) -a-2 electronic transition is approximately:
12. The heteronuclear diatomic molecule that is (a) × 10 (b) × 10
isoelectronic to HCN is:
(c) × 10 d) × 10
4 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
21. The ions with lowest and highest radii among O 2-, F-, Na+ (d) Hydration tendency of ions increase down the
2+
and Mg are respectively: group.
2+ 2- 2- -
(a) Mg and O (b) O and F 3. Which of the following properties increase down the
(c) O2- and Mg2+ (d) Na+ and Mg2+ group
+ - 2+ 3+
22. The ionic size of Na , F , Mg and Al varies as: (a) Atomic Radii
3+ 2+ + - 3+ 2+ + -
(a) Al > Mg > Na > F (b) Al < Mg < Na < F (b) Polarising Power of anion
3+ 2+ - + + - 3+ 2+
(c) Al > Mg > F > Na (d) Na > F > Al > Mg (c) Basic nature of oxides.
23. A ball of mass 330 g is moving with a constant speed, (d) Ionisation Potential
and its associated de Brogue wavelength is lx 10-33m. 4. Which ion is isoelectronic with F– ?
The speed of the ball is__________m/s. (a) Li+ (b) N3–
24. Molecules that are not isoelectronic to NO2+ are: (c) Ca2+ (d) O2–
(a) CO2 and N3- (b) NCO- and H3BCN- 5. What is the possible value of ml for given set of
(c) BO2- and propyne (d) OF2 and O3- quantum number n=3 , l=1, ml=?
25. For a 4-orbital of hydrogen atom, the magnetic (a) 0 (b) +1
quantum number (m,) is: (c)-1 (d) 2
(a) 4 (b) 3 6. For an electron have magnetic quantum number value =
(c) 1 (d) 0 -1 , this electron can be present in
26. The azimuthal. Quantum number (l) of an electron in (a) s orbital (b) p orbital
2
the dz orbital of a copper atom. (atomic number: 29) is: (c) d orbital (d) f orbital
27. The correct order of the, first ionization energies of He, 7. What will be the two possible sets of quantum number
B, N and O in their corresponding ground state is: to describe an electron in a 3p atomic orbital
(a) He > N > O > B (b) O > N > B > He (a) n=3, l=2 , m=0, s =+1/2
(c) He > B > N > O (d) N > O > B > He (b) n=3, l=1,m=2, s=+1/2
(c) n = 3, l=1 , m=-1 ,s =-/1/2
ANSWER KEY (d) n=3 , l=1 , m=+1 , s= +1/2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers
a b d a b, d b b b a b (n,l,m,s) are possible arrangement?
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 (a) 4,1,0,+1/2 (b) 3,2,-2,-1/2
b b d d d a a b a d (c) 3,2,-3,+1/2 (d) 4,4,2,+1/2
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 9. What are the possible value of magnetic quantum
a b 2 d d 2 a number for n=3?
(a) 3 (b) +2
MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTIONS (MSQ) (c) -2 (d) +1
1. What are the demerits of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table? 10. Which of the following properties are correct regarding
(a) Position of hydrogen is uncertain the modern periodic table?
(b) No regular trend in increasing of atomic mass down (a) Actinides belongs to the main group of periodic
table.
the group.
(b) In periodic table 18 groups are present.
(c) Anomalous positions of lanthanides and actinides in
(c) 17th group belongs to halogens
periodic table.
(d) There are separate position of isotopes in periodic
(d) More elements was yet to be known. table.
2. Choose the incorrect statement: 11. The elements which belong to the f block in periodic
(a) Vander waal radius are greater than covalent radius. table?
(b) Polarising power of the cation increase down the (a) Sb (b) Ce
group. (c) Gd (d) Os
(c) Polarising power of the anion decrease down the 12. Among the following statements, which one of the
group. following is incorrect?

IFAS Publications
Chapter – 1 Atomic Structure & Periodicity 5
(a) Electronegativity of fluorine is greater than oxygen. 21. Which of the following statement is incorrect about the
(b) On going right in a period atomic size decreases, due d orbitals?
to increase in effective nuclear charge. (a) All d orbitals are similar.
(c) Mn+2 has smaller size than Mn+7 (b) Planer node is present in all d orbital.
+3 +2
(d) The Al and Mg are isoelectronic species but first (c) dz2 have more shielding power than other orbitals.
one is larger than the second. (d) d orbitals have less shielding power than s and p
13. The chemistry of Be relates with chemistry of Al orbitals.
because; Which of the reason are not correct? 22. According to mulliken scale electronegativity depends
(a) They belong to the same period. upon?
(b) They have same ionization potential. (a) Ionisation Potential (b) Electron affinity
(c) They belong to same group. (c) Atomic Radii (d) Size of Hydrated ion
(d) The ratio of their charge to size is nearly same. 23. According to Allred Rochow scale, Electronegativity
14. The correct statement about d -block elements are? depends upon?
(a) They all are metals. (a) Covalent radius (b) Ionization potential
(b) They show variable valency. (c) Effective nuclear charge (d) Electron affinity.
(c) They have strong tendency to gain electrons. 24. Which of the following statement is correct?
(d) All these elements have fully filled (n-1)d orbitals (a) The second ionization energy of O is greater than
15. Which of the following physical quantities are related that of second ionization than second ionization
with principal quantum number? potential of N.
(a) Energy (b) Radius of orbit (b) Halogens have highest ionisation potential in
(c) Angular momentum (d) magnetic moment. respective period.
16. Choose the correct ionic radii relation (c) Successive ionization energy decreases
(a) Na+ >Mg+2 >Al+3 (b) Fe+3>Fe+2>Fe+ (d) The second ionization energy is maximum for Li in
(c) H->O2->F- (d) O2->F->N3- respective period.
17. Which of the following order is correct? 25. Zr and Hf have nearly same size because
(a) Electronegativity Order : Mo(II)>Mo(III)>Mo(IV) (a) They belong to same period.
(b) Electronegativity Order : Fe(I)<Fe(II)<Fe(III) (b) Due to lanthanide contraction.
(c) Ionic radius :Mo(II)<Mo(III)<Mo(IV) (c) Due to poor shielding of f orbitals.
(d) Ionic Radius: Fe(III)<Fe(II)<Fe(I) (d) Due to poor shielding of d orbitals.
18. The series with correct order of decreasing ionization 26. Which of the following pair of elements are metalloids?
energy (a) B, Si (b) Ge , As
(a) Li>Na>K>Rb (b) Ne>F>N>O (c) Sn,I (d) In,Tl
(c) Ne>N>O>F (d) Rb>K>Na>Li 27. Electron gain enthalpy will be positive in
19. Which of the following statement is correct? (a) O-3 is formed from O-2 (b) S-1 is formed from S.
(a) Ionisation energy is independent of ionic radii (c) Na- is formed from Na. (d) O-2 is formed from O-.
(b) Energy is released when electron is added to an 28. Which of the following are correct regarding size?
isolated gaseous atom. (a) Zn>Cu (b) N>O
(c) Ionisation energy decreases with increase in atomic (c) B>C (d) Ga>Al
radii. 29. The reason for higher ionization energies of 5d
(d) Electron gain enthalpy is always positive. transition series are?
20. Which of the following statement is correct? (a) High shielding power of d orbitals
(a) S orbitals have more penetration power than p,d,f (b) High effective nuclear charge
orbitals. (c) Smaller size of atoms
(b) S orbitals are directional (d) Low effective nuclear charge.
(c) P orbitals are directional.
(d) Centre of symmetry is not present in s orbitals
6 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
30. Which of the following statement is correct? 14. How many electrons can be present having n = 4, s=+1/2
(a) Cl has highest negative electron gain enthalpy. in all atomic orbitals?
nd
(b) Fluorine is the 2 most electronegative element. 15. Ionisation energy and electron affinity of fluorine are
(c) Helium has the highest ionization energy. respectively 17.42 and 3.45 eV. Calculate
(d) Helium is the smallest element in periodic table. electronegativity of fluorine atom.
ANSWER KEY
1 2 3 4 5
a, b, c, d b, c, d a, b, c b, d a, b, c

6 7 8 9 10
b, c, d c, d a, b b, c ,d b, c
11 12 13 14 15
b, c c, d a, b ,c a, b a, b
16 17 18 19 20
a, c b, d a, b b, c a, c
21 22 23 24 25
a, b a, b a, c a, d b, c
26 27 28 29 30
a, b a, d a, b, c b, c a, c, d

NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (NAT)

1. For a electron configuration (1s2) (2s2, 2p4). By using
slater’s rule, what will be the shielding constant for 2p
electron………………… ?
2. What will be the effective nuclear charge in 1st question
…………?
3. Among the 2s, 3s, 4s, 3p, 5d, 1s, 4p, 3d orbitals, how
many of these orbitals have 2 radial node?
4. Among the 2s, 3s, 4s, 3p, 5p, 1s, 4p, 3d orbitals, how
many of these have 1 angular node?
5. How many electrons can be attributed in 5g subshell?
6. How many electrons can present in all subshells (fully
filled) having condition n+l = 7?
7. Number of protons in 7N15…….
8. If the value of l varies from 0 to n+1, then how many
subshells are present in 5th shell?
9. If there are three spin quantum number +½, 0, -1/2
possible, then how many electrons can be present in 5th
shell? ANSWER KEY
10. Among the following , number of species which are 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
isoelectronic with N2 CO,O2- , NO+ , CN- , NO, C2- 3.45 4.5 3 3 18 32 8 7 75 3
11. How many unpaired electrons are present in Cu+1 ? 5
12. What is the group number of an element which have 11 12 13 14 15
atomic number =23? 0 3 16 16 3.72
13. Find out the group of the element having the electronic
configuration 1s2 , 2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6 3d10,4s24p4

IFAS Publications
Chapter – 1 Atomic Structure & Periodicity 7

PART 1
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTION
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION (MCQ)

1. Solution: The isoelectronic species are those which have 8. Solution: The electrons in atomic orbitals are filled
same number of valence electron. BH2 and N both have according to Aufbau priniciple which state that less
7 valence electron. So, they are isoelectronic pairs. value of n+l, will fill first. But if value of n+l became
Option (c) is correct answer. same then, the orbital having low value of n will fill first.
x y
2. Solution: The electronic configuration ns (n-1)d is of d 4f orbital option (b) will fill first.
block elements. Group number can be given as x+y. So 9. Solution: Number of orbitals in a shell n is given by n2.
1s2, 2s2 ,2p6 , 3s2 ,3p6, 3d5,4s1 is a d block element. One orbital occupy 2 electrons. n2 orbitals can contain
Group number = 5+1 =6 2n2 electrons.
Option (c) is correct answer. Option (c) is the correct answer.
3. Solution: IUPAC naming of elements having atomic 10. Solution: The relation between principal quantum
number greater than 100 can be done using this table number and Rn is Rn= 0.529 n2/z
For 105 the IUPAC name will be unnilpentium (unp), ium Option (a) is the correct answer.
is used as suffix. 11. Solution: ZnO and PbO are ampotheric oxides.
Option (b) is the correct answer. Option (a) is correct answer.
0 nil n 12. Solution: Beryllium (Be) has stable electronic
2 2
1 un u configuration 1s 2s . When it becomes the anion the
2 bi b electronic configuration becomes 1s2 2s2 2p1. The stable

3 tri t electronic configuration no more exist. So the Be- is less

stable.
4 quad q
Option (a) is correct answer.
5 pent p
13. Solutions: Number of electron in n shell is given by n2 ,
6 hex h
so number of electron in 4th shell =42 = 16
7 sept s
Number of orbital in 4p subshell =2(l)+1= 2*1+1=3
8 oct o Number of electron can filled in 4p subshell is 2*3 =6
9 enn e Option (c) is the correct answer.
14. Solutions: Zn30= 1s2/2s2 2p6/3s23p63d10/4s2
4. Solution: The electronic configuration for Cr= [Ar] 4s 1 (i) For electron present in 4s orbital
5
3d as it is stable half-filled d orbital configuration. The (1) The remaining electron present in same shell will
removal of electron will be first from 4s orbital so shield by the factor of 0.35 each σ = 0.35*1 = 0.35
4
electron configuration will be [Ar] 3d (2) Each electron in (n-1) shell or penultimate shell
Option (c) is correct answer shield by factor of 0.85
5. Solution: The value of l can be 0 to n-1 so value of l for n σ = 0.85*18 + 10*1 = 25.3
= 1 is 0 ml can be from -l to +l. For l = 0, ml = 0 Total σ =25.3 + 0.350 = 25.65
Option (d) is correct answer. Zeff = Z – σ = 30-25.65 = 4.35
6. Solution: Value of l varies from 0 to n-1, value of m (ii) For electron present in 3d
varies from -I to +l Option (c) is not possible, because for σ 3d =9*0.35 + 18*1 =21.15
l=2, m cannot be 3 Zeff = Z –σ
7. Solution: option d is not possible, as value of l can never = 30-21.15
be equal to n. l value varies from 0 to n-1 so for n =3, l = 8.85,
can be 0, 1, 2 Option (a) is the correct answer.
Option (d) is the correct answer. 15. Solution: More the negative charge on a species more
will be the radius. More the positive charge on a species
smaller will be the radius The positive charge shows that
8 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
electrons is less than protons, so effective nuclear 24. Solution: The ionisation enthalpy decreases down the
charge by nucleus on electrons is more , which group, the M-OH bonds becomes weak when we go
decreases the size. down the group. Due to this release of OH becomes
Option (a) is correct answer. easy down the group.
16. Solutions: Zr and Hf are of comparable size because of Option (a) is correct answer.
the lanthanide contraction. Due to the poor shielding of 25. Solutions: An s orbitals electron penetrates closer to
f subshell, the attraction on outermost shell electrons nucleus, and is therefore more tightly bound to the
by nucleus increases and thus the size of Hf decreases nucleus than a p electron. Similarly p orbital’s electrons
and become comparable of Zr. are more tightly held to nucleus than d orbital.
Option (d) is correct answer. Thus, the ionisation energies are in the order s>p>d>f.
17. Solutions: The ions which have high charge and smaller Option (a) is the correct answer.
radii have tendency to hydrate more. 26 Solutions: The ionisation is the removal of an electron
The hydrated ions have less ionic mobility because of from gaseous atom or ion. Ne has stable noble gas
high hydrated radius. configuration 1s2, 2s2, 2p6. Removal of electron from
+2
Mg will hydrate more so have less ionic mobility. these configuration requires very high energy.
+
K will be least hydrated and have high value of ionic Option (d) is correct answer.
mobility. 27. Solution: The ionization energy is lowest for that atom
Option (d) is the correct answer. in which the electronic configuration become noble gas
th
18. Solution: Ca is of 4 period element, so bigger in size electronic configuration after the removal of two
tha Mg and Cl. Among Cl and Mg, the both are from 3rd electrons. In option (c) after removal of 2nd electron it
period. Ongoing left to the period the atomic size attains noble gas electronic configuration.
decreases because increase in effective nuclear charge. Option (c) is the correct answer.
So, size of Cl<Mg. So, option b is correct. 28. Solution: As, we go down the group the atomic size
19. Solution: More the negative charge on a species more increases. The outermost electrons goes far from the
will be the radius effect of nuclear charge as the size increases. So, the
More the positive charge on a species smaller will be removal of electrons become easy down the group and
the radius requires low ionization energy. Hence, we can say
Option (c) is the correct answer. Ionisation energy decreases down the group.
20. Solutions: Total no of nodes = radial nodes + angular Option (c) is the correct answer.
nodes 29. Solution: Ne has stable noble electronic configuration
Radial node = n-l-1= 5-2-1=2 and have very high ionization energy. F is most
Angular node = l=2 electronegative element and tendency to gain the
Total nodes =2+2 = 4 electrons. Among N and O, N has high ionization energy
Option (a) is the correct answer. because of its stable half-filled electronic configuration
21. Solutions: According to the fajan’s rule more the charge 1s2, 2s2, 2p3. Removal of an electron from this
on cation more will be the polarising power of that configuration requires high ionization energy than
+3
cation. So, Mn has more polarising power. oxygen.
Option (c) is the correct answer. Option (c) is the correct answer.
22. Solutions: The electronegativity formula = 30. Solution: Li+ has stable inert gas configuration 1s2.
(0.359*Zeff/r2) + 0.744 where r is in angstrom is given by Removal of an electron from these 1s2 requires very
which scale: (a) Allred -Rochow Scale high energy.
23. Solution: Oxygen is electronegative species and if one Option (a) is the correct answer.
electron further remove from an electronegative 31. Solution: Removal of electrons from a diatomic orbitals
species it becomes more electronegative. can be understood by MOT diagram. The ionization
Electronegativity is directly proportional to the positive energy of O2 is less than N2, because in O2 the HOMO is
oxidation state. antibonding
Option d is correct answer.

IFAS Publications
Chapter – 1 Atomic Structure & Periodicity 9
37. Solution: Mulliken simply considers the
electronegativity as the average of Ionisation potential
and electron affinity of that element.
 = [E.A + I.E]/2
Option (a) is the correct answer.
38. Solutions: The covalent character in an ionic compound
is tell by Fajan’s Rule. More the charge on cation more
will be the polarizibilty and more will be the covalent
character.
Option (a) is the correct answer.
39. Solution: Smaller the size of element, more is the
tendency to gain electronegativity. Among the following
Mn has larger size, has low ability to attract the
electrons, thus it is least electronegative.
Option (c) is the correct answer.
40. Solutions: The negative charge on oxygen atom
Removal of an electron from antibonding is easy as
disfavours the electron gain ability of oxygen due to
compared to bonding orbitals. Among N and O, N has
electrostatic repulsions. O3- have least electron gain
high ionization energy because of its stable half-filled
enthalpy.
electronic configuration 1s2, 2s2, 2p3.
The option (a) O has more electron gain enthalpy.
Option (a) is the correct answer.
32. Solution: Successive ionization energy may be defined
PART 2
as the energy required for the removal of the second
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTION
electron form the ion.
1. Solutions: Chemical periodicity - atomic size of the
Successive ionization energy increases in the order
elements
IE1<IE2<IE3
Atomic size gradually decreases from left to right across
Option (a) is the correct answer.
a period of elements. This is because, within a period or
33. Solution: Alkaline earth metals have stable electronic
family of elements, all electrons are added to the same
configuration ns2. Their electron gain tendency is very
shell. This leads to the increase in the effective nuclear
poor. Thus, have low electron gain enthalpy.
charge and hence, Be has the highest atomic radius. The
Option (b) is the correct answer.
trend is given as: Be > C > N > F
34. Solution: E.A increases along the period because the
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
effective nuclear charge increases. Due to increase in
2. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Electronic
effective nuclear charge electron gaining tendency
configuration of atoms and ions
increases. Ar has least E.A value because it has stable
Electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar]3d 5 4s1, instead of
noble gas electronic configuration.
the expected [Ar]3d4 4s2. This is so because the orbitals
Option (b) is the correct answer.
of electron are most stable when they are full-filled or
35. Solution: Fluorine have electronic configuration
half-filled. In the case of chromium, an electron from
1s22s22p5. It has high tendency to gain electron to attain
the 4s orbital jumps to 3d subshell because 3d5 is a
the stable noble gas electronic configuration. Thus, have
much more stable configuration than 3d 4.Chromium (Cr)
high value of electron gain enthalpy i.e more negative.
attain extra stability of half-filled electronic
Option (d) is the correct answer.
configuration by changing the expected pattern of
36. Solution: Option (d) has the positive electron gain
electronic configuration. This can be shown as follows-
enthalpy i.e ΔH. O- does not want take one more
electron due to electrostatic repulsions. So, energy has
to provide to attain this reaction.
Option (d) is the correct answer. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
10 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
3. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Ionization energy or 7. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Amphoteric oxides
ionization potential Ionization energy is the energy Amphoteric oxides are the oxides that behave as both
required to remove a valence electron from an atom. acidic and basic oxides. Amphoteric Oxides have
Since inert gases are in their most stable form, it is more features of acidic oxides on reacting with alkali as well
unfavorable to remove their valence electrons than as of basic oxides on reacting with acids.
those of any other atom in the same period. As a result, MgO is a oxide of alkaline earth metal, hence it is a basic
more energy (ionization energy) is required to pull a oxide not amphoteric
valence electron away from inert gases. Therefore, the The amphoteric nature of Al2O3 is shown as follows:
highest ionization energy of these inert gases in their Al2O3 (s) + 6NaOH(aq) ⟶ 3H2O (l) + 2Na3[Al(OH)6](aq)
respective periods on the periodic table can be Al2O3(s) + 6HCl (aq) + 3H2O (l) ⟶ 2[AI(H2O)6]3+(aq) +6Cl-
explained by these concepts of highest stability and (aq)
lowest energy when the atom's outermost atomic The amphoteric nature of ZnO is shown as follows:
orbital is filled to capacity with 8 valence electrons. ZnO + 2H2O + 2NaOH ⟶ Na3Zn(OH)4 + H2
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. ZnO + 2HCl ⟶ ZnCl2 + H2O
4. Solutions: Chemical periodicity - Planck's Quantum The amphoteric nature of ZnO is shown as follows:
Theory SnO + 2HCL ⟶ SnCl2 + H2O
Statement: The energy of the radiation absorbed or SnO + 2NaOH + H2O ⟶ 2Na+ + [Sn(OH)4]2-
emitted is directly proportional to the frequency of the Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
radiation. Meanwhile, the energy of radiation is 8. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Heisenberg’s
expressed in terms of frequency as, Uncertainty Principle
E=hν Using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
Where, ℎ
∆𝑥 ∆𝑣 =
E = Energy of the radiation 4𝜋𝑚
ℎ
h = Planck’s constant (6.626×10–34 J.s) ∆𝑣 =
∆𝑥4𝜋𝑚
ν= Frequency of radiation 6.626 × 10
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. ∆𝑣 =
(9.11 × 10 )(10 )4𝜋
5. Solutions: Chemical periodicity - Isoelectronic species
∆𝑣 = 580 𝑘𝑚/𝑠
Ions and atoms which are having equal numbers of
electrons are called the isoelectronic species. N2 has 7 × Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
2 = 14 electrons. 9. Solutions: Bohrs atomic modelling of Hydrogen atom
(A) CN- has 6 + 7 + 1 = 14e For Balmer series, n1=2 and n2=3
(B) NO has 7 + 8 = 15e Since,
(C) CO has 6 + 8 = 14e 1 1 1 1
(D) CS has 6 + 16 = 22e 𝑣=𝑅 − = 109677 −
𝑛 𝑛 2 3
Thus, it is shown that, NO and CS are not isoelectronic
with N2 = 15232.91 cm- = 1.523 X 108 m-
Hence, option (b) and (d) are the correct answers. Now wavelength of the spectral line is given as follows:
6. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Electronic = = 656. 𝑛𝑚
.
configuration of atoms and ions Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
2 2 6 2 6
Fe has the electronic configuration 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 10. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Heisenberg’s
4s2 3d6. When it forms Fe3+ cation it loses outermost Uncertainty Principle
electron first 4s2 then 1 electron from 3d orbital. There De Broglie's hypothesis states that,
2 2 6 2 6 5
for 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d is the electronic configuration ℎ ℎ 6.63 × 10
3+
𝜆= = = = 1.66 × 10
for Fe . 𝑝 𝑚𝑣 1 × 40
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

IFAS Publications
Chapter – 1 Atomic Structure & Periodicity 11
11. Solutions: Topic Planck's Quantum Theory The regions in which all these series lie are given as
cos(ax) = [—a sin(ax)] follows:
=—a2 cos ax) Laymen: UV corresponds to P
Therefore, eigen value = Balmer: UV corresponds to Q
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. Paschen: UV corresponds to R
12. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Atomic size of the Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
elements Diatomic molecules with two non-identical 17. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Oxides of metals and
atoms are called heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Ions non-metals
and atoms which are having equal numbers of electrons Metals form oxides that are basic, but non-metals form
are called the isoelectronic species. N2, HCN and CO all oxides that are acidic. Hence, Being a metal, sodium
have 14 electrons. Thus, they all are isoelectronic. forms a basic oxide and on the other hand, Sulfur and
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. methane forms an acidic oxides.
13. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Heisenberg’s Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Uncertainty Principle 18. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Bohr Theory for
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle states that it is hydrogen atom
impossible to measure or calculate exactly, both the Hence, option (b) is the correct answeR.
position and the momentum of an object. This principle 19. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Oxides of metals and
is based on the wave-particle duality of matter. non-metals
The uncertainty in product of position and -momentum The idea is that ionization energy depends on the
is equal to or greater- than h/4π. magnitude of the attraction between the nucleus and
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. the electrons. The more tightly held an electron is, the
14. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Heisenberg’s more energy will be needed to remove it from the
Uncertainty Principle atom. This can be more preciously explained on the
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle states that it is basis of the MOT based electronic configuration.
impossible to measure or calculate exactly, both the (A) The MOT based electronic configuration of O2+ is:
position and the momentum of an object. This principle (σ2s)2(σ∗2s)2(σ2px)2(π2py, π2pz)4(π∗2py, π∗2pz)1
is based on the wave-particle duality of matter. Bond order is: 2.5
The uncertainty in product of position and -momentum (B) The MOT based electronic configuration of O2 is:
is equal to or greater- than h/4π. (σ2s)2(σ∗2s)2(σ2px)2(π2py, π2pz)4(π∗2py, π∗2pz)2
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. Bond order is: 2
(C) The MOT based electronic configuration of O 2- is:
15. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Bohr Theory for
(σ2s)2(σ∗2s)2(σ2px)2(π2py, π2pz)4(π∗2py, π∗2pz)3
hydrogen atom
Bond order is: 1.5
The ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed
(D) The MOT based electronic configuration of O22- is:
in joules or electron volts, is usually measured in an (σ2s)2(σ∗2s)2(σ2px)2(π2py, π2pz)4(π∗2py, π∗2pz)4
electric discharge tube in which a fast-moving electron Bond order is: 1.0
generated by an electric current collides with a gaseous It is confirmed that, if an electron is lost from a bonding
atom of the element, causing it to eject one of its orbital, then it will be more unstable. More stable,
electrons. The IE of hydrogen like atoms is given as: higher IE. Anti-bonding destabilizes, and bonding
.
stabilizes. In all above species, valence electrons are
For Li3+ like atoms, 13.6 X (3)2 = 122.4 eV present in the high energy anti-bonding molecular
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. orbital (ABMO), that is, the species that have high
16. Solutions: Chemical periodicity – Hydrogen spectral electron to proton (e/p) ratio will have energy electron
series. The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has in ABMO and consequently lowest ionization energy
been divided into a number of spectral series, with and vice versa.
wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula. Thus, the correct ionization order of the following
species is O2+> O2 > O2- > O22-
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
12 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
20. Solutions: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle (D) OF2: 8 + 9 (2) = 26 electrons and O3-:8(3) +1 25
From the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, electrons ⟶ Not isoelectronic NO2+
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
𝛥𝑝 𝛥𝑋 ≥ ……….(1),
25. Solutions: Quantum mechanical model for H atom:
Where Δp is the momentum, ΔX is the position and h is For H-atom, the electronic configuration of hydrogen
the Planks constant. atom is 1s1. Hence, the number of electrons present in
Similarly, 𝜏 𝛥𝐸 ≥ ………(2) 4s-orbital is zero i.e., 4s0. Therefore, azimuthal
where τ is the time, ΔE is the energy and h is the Planks quantum number (l) =0. Since, ml = -l to l, thus, ml = 0
constant. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
Now, 𝐸 = ℎ𝜈 26. Solutions: Quantum mechanical model for H atom:
Put equation 2 in equation 1, We get, 𝜏 ℎ𝑣 ≥ For Cu-atom, the electronic configuration of hydrogen
atom is [Ar] 4s1, 3d10. Therefore, azimuthal quantum
Thus, 𝜈 = 1/ 4πτ = 1/ 4π X 10-9 = 109 / 4π
number (l) = n-1.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
The value of l for electron present in the 3dz2 is = 3-1 = 2
21. Solutions: Chemical periodicity: Atomic Size
Hence, 2 is the correct answer.
Here all these species are isoelectronic species. The
27. Solutions: Ionization Energy
species which has maximum negative charge will have
He is noble gas, so its ionization energy is highest among
maximum ionic radii and the species which have
the given atoms. Nitrogen has completely half-filled p-
maximum positive charge will have minimum ionic radii.
orbital (1s2, 2s1, 2p3) in outermost shell, so, its ionization
Thus, the order of ionic radii will be:
energy is higher than. Oxygen (1s2, 2s2, 2p4) and; boron
O2−>F−>Na+>Mg2+
(1s2, 2s2, 2p1). Oxygen is more electronegative and have
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
smaller size than boron, so, its ionization energy is more
22. Solutions: Chemical periodicity: Atomic Size
than boron. Hence, the correct order, for the ionization
The electronic count can be given as: F⁻ (10 electrons),
energy is: He > N > O > B.
Na⁺ (10 electrons), Mg²⁺ (10 electrons),
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
Al³⁺(10electrons) and hence, all the species are
isoelectronic.
MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION (MSQ)
The ionic radii of isoelectronic species decrease with
increase in atomic number because magnitude of 1. Solutions: The demerits of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table.
nuclear charge increases with increase atomic number. (a) Position of hydrogen is uncertain
Thus the increasing order of radii, (b) No regular trend in increasing of atomic mass down
Al³⁺(Z = 13) < Mg²⁺( Z = 12 ) < Na⁺ ( Z = 11) < F⁻ (Z = 9) the group.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. (c) Anomalous positions of lanthanides and actinides in
23. Solutions: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle periodic table.
Answer: 2 m/s (d) More elements was yet to be known.
24. Solutions: Chemical periodicity: Atomic Size 2. Solutions: Polarising power of cation and anion are
Now, whether the species are isoelectronic with NO2+, explained by Fajan’s rule
we must count the number of electrons in it. Smaller the size of cation more will be its polarisibility.
Number of electrons in NO2+ ion = 7 + 8(2)— 1 = 22 So option b is incorrect, as down the group size of cation
electrons increases. Polarising Power decreases.
(A) CO2: 6 + 8 (2) = 22 electrons and N3- :7(3) + 1 = 22 Larger the size of cation, more will be its polarisibility.
electrons ⟶ Isoelectronic with NO2+ So option c is incorrect, as down the group size increase,
(B) NCO-:7 + 6 + 8 + 1= 22 electrons and H3BCN-: 3 + 5 + polarizing power increases.
6 + 7 + 1 = 22 electrons ⟶ Isoelectronic with NO2+ Smaller the size of anion more will be the hydration.
Down the group hydration tendency decreases because
(C) BO2- : 5 + 8 (2) + 1 = 22 electrons and H3CC CH: 3
size of ions increase down the group.
+ 6 + 6 + 6 + 1 = 22 electrons. ⟶ Isoelectronic with
Option (b), (c) and (d) are correct answer.
NO2+

IFAS Publications
Chapter – 1 Atomic Structure & Periodicity 13
3. Solutions: When we down the group atomic radii Osmium(76Os) is d block element.
increases due to increase in shell, so there is greater Antimony (51Sb) is p block element
distance between the nucleus and the outermost So, option (c), (d) are correct.
orbital. More the size of anion more will be the 12. Solutions: Fluorine is most electronegative element in
polarisibilty power. Basic nature of oxides increases the periodic table, because after gaining one electron it
down the group and decreases along the period. achieves the stable noble gas configuration.
As size increase down the group, it is easy to remove More the effective nuclear charge lesser will be the size.
the electron down the group. Hence, ionization More the positive charge lesser will be the size, because
potential decreases down the group. the effective nuclear charge in more positive element is
4. Solution: The isoelectronic species are those which more.
contain equal number of valence electrons. So option (c) and (d) is incorrect.
- 2- 3-
F , O , N has same10 valence electrons. So, they are 13. Solution: Beryllium shows diagonal relationship with
isoelectronic species. aluminium because their charge to size ratio is nearly
Option (b) and (d) are correct answer. same. So, option (a), (b), (c) are incorrect.
5. Solution: The possible value of m can be 0 to n-1 14. Solution: d orbitals show variable valency as the valence
For l=0, m value can be +1, 0, -1 electrons mostly reside in 4s or 3d orbitals and there is
So, (a), (b), (c) is the correct answer. not much difference in the energies of 3d and 4s
6. Solutions: For m= -1, value of l cannot be 0, because orbitals.
value of m varies from -l to +l. Option (a), (b) are correct answer.
So, an electron with m=-1 cannot be present in s orbital. 15. Solution: The energy and radius of orbit are associated
It can present in p, d and f orbitals. with principal quantum number.
Option (b), (c) (d) are correct answer. En =-13.6 z2/n2
7. Solutions: For p orbital l = 1, so option a is incorrect. Rn= 0.529 n2/z
m values varies from -l to +l, so for l=1 , m can be +1,0,-1 So, option (a), (b) is correct answer.
m=2 cannot be possible. So, option b is incorrect. 16. Solution: Option a and c are correct.
Hence, option (c), (d) is correct. In isoelectronic species smaller the positive charge more
8. Solutions: The value of l can be 0 to n-1, so option (d) is will be the ionic radii.
not possible as value of l is equal to value of n. In option (C) H- size are greater than O2- and F- , because
ml can be from -l to +l . So, in option (c) for l =2 value of in H-the number of electrons are double than the
m can be -2,-1, 0, +1, +2 .It can’t be -3. number of protons, so the effective nuclear charge are
Hence, option (a), (b) is correct. less. Hence, greater in size.
9. Solution: For n=3, possible value of l are 0, 1, 2 as l 17. Solution: Smaller the size, More will be the
varies from 0 to n-1 m varies from -l to +l , so possible electronegativity.
value of m = -2 , -1, 0 ,+1, +2 Size is inversely proportional to the oxidation state.
m=3 is not possible. Higher Oxidation state has high effective nuclear charge
So, option (b), (c), and (d) are correct answer. and hence small size.
10. Solution: Actinides have 5f subshell, they belong to f So, Option (b), (d) are correct.
block of periodic table. 18. Solution: When we go down the group the atomic size
Periodic table contains 18 groups and 7 periods. increase, due to which electron removal becomes easy
th
17 group contain fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine. down the group and ionization energy decreases.
They are known as halogens. Along the period, ionization energy increases due to
Isotopes are atoms of same element with different increase in effective nuclear charge
atomic mass. There is no separate positions of isotopes N has more ionization energy than O because N has
in modern periodic table stable half-filled 1s2, 2s2 2p3 electronic configuration.
Option (b), (c) are correct answer. So, option (a), (b) is correct answer.
11. Solution: Cerium(58Ce) and Gadolinium(64Gd) are f
block elements.
14 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
19. Solution: Energy is released when electron is added to down in a group . That’s why Zr and Hf have comparable
an isolated gaseous atom, the energy is known as size. This is also known as lanthanide contraction,
electron gain energy. So, option (b), (c) are correct.
Down the group size increases and ionization energy 26. Solution: Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Antimony are
decreases. metalloids
Electron gain enthalpy is not always positive. The So, option (a), (b) are correct answer.
second electron gain enthalpy of an element is positive. 27. Solution: Electron gain enthalpy is positive in which we
So, option (b) and (c) are correct answer. have to give energy to happen a reaction. O3- and O2-
20. Solution: s orbitals have high penetration power, the formation is difficult as upcoming electron feels
electrons in s orbitals are tightly bound to nucleus. electronic repulsion, so for these formation, electron
S orbitals are spherical in shape, they are non- gain enthalpy is positive.
directional and centre of symmetry is present in s So, option (a), (d) are correct answer.
orbitals. P orbitals are directional in nature. 28. Solution: When we go down in a group size increases
Option (a) and (c) are correct answer. due to increase in number of shell.
21. Solution: All d orbitals are not similar, three d orbitals But Ga<Al in size because the d orbitals in Gallium is
are axial and two d orbitals are non-axial. So, statement highly diffused offers poor shielding which results in
(a) is incorrect. increased nuclear charge. Due to increase nuclear
Conical node is present in dz2 orbitals. So, statement (b) charge its size decreases.
is also incorrect. When we go right in period size decreases due to
Option (a) and (b) are incorrect. increase in effective nuclear charge. S
22. Solution: According to Mulliken scale, So, option (a), (b), (c) are correct.
= [I.P + E.A]/2 29. Solution: The d orbitals have poor shielding power, due
Electronegativity depends on Ionisation potential and to this there is high effective nuclear charge which make
electron affinity. atoms size small and ionization energy high.
So, option (a), (b) are correct. So option (b) and (c) are correct answer.
2
23. Solution: According to Allred Rochow = (0.359*Zeff/r ) 30. Solution: Cl has highest negative electron gain enthalpy
+ 0.744 even greater than fluorine, because in fluorine size is
Electronegativity depends upon Effective nuclear charge small, there is electronic repulsions for upcoming
and covalent radius electron.
So, option (a), (c) are correct answer. Fluorine is the most electronegative element
24. Solution: After removal of one electron oxygen He has stable 1s2 electronic configuration, removal of
electronic configuration become 1s22s22p3, the second electron from these require very high energy and have
ionization require removal of electron from stable half- highest ionisation potential.
filled configuration, so its required more energy. Helium is the smallest element in periodic table. It is
Noble gases have highest ionization potential in smaller than hydrogen because it contains two
respective period due to their stable electronic electrons in same orbital, so nuclear charge is more.
configuration. So, option (a), (c), (d) are correct answer
Successive ionization increases i.e IE1< IE2<IE3
NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE QUESTION (NAT)
Li+ has most stable 1s2 configuration. Removal of
1. Solution: To calculate shielding constant (S) for valence
electron from this configuration requires high energy.
2p electron:
So, Li have highest second ionization energy in the
● Each other electron in the 2s2 , 2p4 group contributes
respective period. So, option (a), (d) are correct
0.35 to S
answer.
Total contribution = 5*0.35 =1.75
25. Solution: Lanthanides are present between Zr and Hf. ● Each 1s electron contributes 0.85 to S
Lanthanides have f orbitals and f orbitals shields very Total contribution = 0.85*2 = 1.70
poorly, so there are strong effective nuclear charge for Total S = 1.750+1.70 = 3.45
Hf , and its size not increases as expected when we go Answer = 3.45
IFAS Publications
Chapter – 1 Atomic Structure & Periodicity 15
2. Solution: Effective nuclear charge Z* = 8 -3.45 The configuration (n-1)dxnsy is of d block elements.
Z*= 4.55 Group Number = x+y
Answer = 4.55 So, for atomic number =23, the group number is 2+1 =3
3. Solution: Radial node is given by n-l-1 Answer = 3
For 3s, 5d, 4p the radial nodes are 2 13. Solution: As last electron enters in p-subshell, therefore
Answer = 3 this element belongs from p block. The group number
4. Solution: The angular node is equal to the l value of for p-block is equal to the 12+number of valence
orbital. So, 3p, 4p and 5p show 1 angular node. L value electrons in p subshell i.e 12+4 = 16.
for this is equal to 1. Answer=16
Answer= 3 14. Solutions: The possible no of subshells for n = 4 are 4s,
5. Solution: No of orbitals in a subshell = 2(1) +1 4p, 4d and 4f.
= 2(3) + 1= 9 If it is specified that spin quantum number value is +1/2
Number of electron in 9 orbitals = 2 *9 = 18 only, then no of electron filled in each orbital is 1 ,
Answer = 18 Number of orbital in n = 4 shell is 42= 16
6. Solution: For n+ l=7, the possible combinations are So, if each orbital can occupy only 1 electron, number of
(i) n+l=4+3 i.e 4f , 14 electrons can present electrons present will be 16.
(ii) n+l = 5+2 i.e 5d , 10 electrons can present Answer= 16
(iii) n+l=6+1 i.e 6p , 6 electrons can present 15. Solution:
(iv) n+l=7+0 i.e 7s , 2 electrons can present A𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑠 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝜒 ) =
Total electrons can present = 14+10+6+2 = 32
(when I.E and E.A is in
.
Answer =32
ev)
7. Solution: Number of proton is given by Atomic mass-
. .
Atomic Number = 15-7 =8 = = 3.72
.

Answer=8 Answer = 3.72

8. Solution: The quantum number l tells about the
subshells. If l varies from 0 to n+1, then for 5th shell i.e
n=5, value of l are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6.
So, there will be 7 subshells in 5th shell if value of l varies
from 0 to n+1.
Answer = 7
9. Solution: Number of orbitals in n shell = n2. If three
electrons of different spin can filled in an orbital, then
no of electrons present in 5th shell = 3* 52 =75
Answer = 75
10. Solution: The isoelectronic species are those which
have same number of valence electron.
N2 has 14 valence electrons CO, NO+, CN- has 14 valence
electrons. So these 3 are isoelectronic with N 2
Answer = 3
11. Solution: Cu has atomic no 29 and electronic
configuration =[Ar]3d 104s1
In +1 oxidation state, the electron is removed from 4s
and it has fully filled d orbitals.
So, there are 0 unpaired electron.
Answer= 0
12. Solutions: The electronic configurations of atomic no =
23 is [Ar] 3d14s2.
 CHAPTER
CHEMICAL BONDING
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION (MCQ)
1. The bond angles in H2O are: 10. Identify the correct sequence which represents the
(a) <109° (b) 109° increasing order of polarizing power of the cationic
(c) 120° (d) 180° species: K+, Ca+, Mg2+, Be2+:
2. Which one of the following compounds is practically (a) K+< Mg2+< Ca2+< Be2+ (b) K+< Ca2+< Mg2+< Be2+
insoluble in water? (c) Be2+< K+< Ca2+< Mg2+ (d) Mg2+< Be2+< K+< Ca2+
(a) CaCl2 (b) CaF2 11. Which of the following molecules or ions is not linear?
(c) MgI2 (d) BaCl2 (a) BeCl2 (b) ICl2-
3. The H-A-H bond angle in the following hydrides with (c) CS2 (d) ICl2+
general formula AH3 follows the order: 12. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of N in 𝑁𝑂 , 𝑁𝑂
(a) AsH3> PH3> NH3 (b) PH3> AsH3> NH3 and 𝑁𝐻 are respectively: -
(c) NH3> AsH3> PH3 (d) NH3> PH3> AsH3 (a) sp, sp2 and sp3 (b) sp, sp3 and sp2
4. In which of the following bonds does H carry 𝛿-ve (c) sp2, sp and sp3 (d) sp2, sp3 and sp
charge? 13. The strength of bonds by overlapping of atomic orbitals
(a) F-H (b) O-H is in the order: -
(c) B-H (d) N-H (a) s-s > s-p > p-p (b) s-s < p-p < s-p
5. Which of the following statements regarding solubility (c) s-p < s-s < p-p (d) p-p < s-s < s-p
of LiF and LiI in water at room temperature is correct? 14. Which of the following is not stable?
(a) Both are equally soluble (a) 𝐻 (b) H2
(b) Both are insoluble (c) He2 (d) He
(c) LiF is more soluble than LiI 15. Compound X is highly volatile and insoluble in H2O.
(d) LiI is more soluble than LiF Bonding in X is:-
6. Amongst (I) NH3 (II) N(CH3)3 and (III) N(SiH3)3 Predict the (a) Ionic (b) Covalent
order of basicity from the SETs mentioned below. (c) Polar covalent (d) Coordinate
(Hints: (I) and (II) have pyramidal and (III) is trigonal 16. The compound NH3-BF3 can be easily separated into its
planar structure.) compound because: -
(a) (II) > (III) > (I) (b) (II) > (I) > (III) (a) BF3 is highly reactive
(c) (III) > (II) > (I) (d) (I) > (II) > (III) (b) NH3 is highly reactive
7. What is bond angle in nitrogen trichloride? (c) BF3 and NH3 are unstable
(a) 120° (b) 190.5° (d) BF3 and NH3 have their independent existence
(c) 107.5° d) 90° 17. The hybrid orbital of the central atom in AlF4- is: -
8. Among the following, which has the maximum (a) sp (b) sp2
hydration energy? (c) sp3 (d) dsp2
(a) Na+ (b) Li+ 18. Which one of the following is not an s-block element?
2+ 2+
(c) Mg (d) Ca (a) [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 (b) 1s2 2s2 2p1
9. The bond angle of Cl2O is …………… (c) 1s2 2s1 2p1 (d) [Ar] 4s1 4p1
(a) Smaller than that of F2O 19. Which one of the following cannot be used to generate
(b) Greater than that of H2O H2?
(c) Smaller than that of H2O (a) Al + NaOH (b) Zn + NaOH
(d) Same as that of H2O (c) Mg + NaOH (d) LiH + H2O
Chapter – 2 Chemical Bonding 17
20. Arrange in order of increasing dipole moment BF3, H2S, (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
H2O explanation of A
(a) BF3 < H2S < H2O (b) H2S < H2O < BF3 (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
(c) H2S < BF3 < H2O (d) H2O < H2S < BF3 explanation of A
21. The total number of electrons in a molecule of (c) A is true but R is false
phosphoric acid are: (d) A is false but R is true
(a) 50 (b) 48 28. Assertion (A): The radius of Fe3+ is less than that of Fe2+.
(c) 52 (d) 51 Reason (R): Fe3+ has a lower effective nuclear charge
22. The most stable among the following is than Fe2+.
(a) LiF (b) LiI (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(c) HgF2 (d) BeI2 explanation of A
23. Correct order of bond angles in given molecules (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
(a) H2S > H2Se > H2O (b) H2Se > H2O > H2S explanation of A
(c) H2O > H2Se > H2S (d) H2O > H2S > H2Se (c) A is true but R is false
24. According to Bent’s rule (d) A is false but R is true
1) More electronegative substituents prefer hybrid 29. Arrange in order of increasing dipole moment BF3, H2S,
orbitals having more S character H2O
2) More electronegative substituents prefer hybrid (a) BF3 < H2S < H2O (b) H2S < H2O < BF3
orbitals having less S character (c) H2S < BF3 <H2O (d) H2O < H2S < BF3
3) More electropositive substituents prefer hybrid 30. The number of peroxide bonds in perxenate ion,
orbitals having more S character [XeO6]4− is:
4) More electropositive substituents prefer hybrid (a) 0 (b) 2
orbitals having less S character (c) 3 (d) 1
(a) 1 and 2 are correct (b) 2 and 3 are correct 31. Which of the following is the largest in size?
(c) 3 and 4 are correct (d) 1 and 4 are correct (a) CI- (b) S2-
+
25. The correct order of the solubility of the following in (c) Na (d) F-
water is 32. The hybridization involved in PCI5 is:
(a) BeSO4 < MgSO4 < CaSO4 < SrSO4 (a) sp3d (b) sp3d2
(b) BeSO4 > MgSO4 > CaSO4 > SrSO4 (c) d2sp2 (d) sp3
(c) BeSO4 < MgSO4 ~ CaSO4 < SrSO4 33. Among the following which one is a linear molecule
(d) BeSO4 > MgSO4 ~ CaSO4 < SrSO4 having zero dipole moment?
26. The correct statements among the following are: (a) H2O (b) HCI
1) Angular momenta of 1s, 2s and 3s orbitals are same (c) CO2 (d) H2S
2) Energies of 1s, 2s and 3s orbitals are same 34. Among the following, the compound that is readily
3) Angular momenta of 1s, 2s and 3s orbitals are soluble in water is:
different (a) BeSO4 (b) CaSO4
4) Energies of 1s, 2s and 3s orbitals are different (c) SrSO4 (d) BaSO4
(a) 1, 2 (b) 2, 3 35. The hybridization of Carbon in molecular CO 2 is:
(c) 3, 4 (d) 1, 4 (a) sp (b) sp2
27. Assertion (A): The bond angle in NF3 is less than that in (c) sp3 (d) sp3d
NH3. 36. The correct order of the solubility of the following in
Reason (R): The high electronegativity of F pulls the water is
bonding electrons in NF3 further away from N and a (a) BeSO4 < MgSO4 < CaSO4 < SrSO4
greater distortion is caused. (b) BeSO4 > MgSO4 > CaSO4 > SrSO4
(c) BeSO4< MgSO4 = CaSO4< SrSO4
(d) BeSO4> MgSO4 = CaSO4< SrSO4

IFAS Publications
18 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
37. Assertion (A): The bond angle in NF3 is less than that in 45. Numbers of geometric isomers of PBr2Cl3 molecule
NH3. which have non-zero dipole moment are:
Reason (R): The high electronegativity of F pulls the (a) 2 (b) 1
bonding electrons in NF3 further away from N and a (c) 0 (d) 3
greater distortion is caused. 46. Molten iodine conducts electricity because of the
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct formation of:
explanation of A (a) 𝐼 + 𝐼 (b) 𝐼 + 𝐼
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct (c) 𝐼 (d) 𝐼
explanation of A 47. Number of lone pairs of electrons present in SF4, CF4
(c) A is true but R is false and XeF4 are
(d) A is false but R is true (a) 1, 0, 2 (b) 2, 0, 2
38. The point group symmetry of XeOF4 is: (c) 1, 0, 1 (d) 0, 0, 2
(a) D3h (b) D4v 48. …… does not exist
(c) C4v (d) C3v (a) CIF3 (b) BrF3
19
39. F NMR spectrum of PF5 gives (c) IF3 (d) ICI2
(a) Two singlets 49. The angle between the three iodine atoms of I 3- ion
(b) A doublet and a triplet is…….
(c) Two doublets and three singlets (a) 600 (b) 900
(d) A doublet (c) 1200 (d) 1800
40. Assertion (A): BeH2 is linear and H2O bent. 50. Which of the following pentafluoride does not exist?
Reason (R): The major difference between BeH 2 and H2O (a) NF5 (b) AsF5
is the number of valence electrons on central atom. (c) SbF5 (d) AsF5
(a) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct 51. Valinomycin is an ionophore that specially binds with
explanation (a) Na+ ion (b) K+ ion
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (c) Na+ and K+ ion (d) Any alkali metal ion
explanation 52. The type of molecular interactions in liquid nitrogen is:
(c) A is true but R is false (a) Dipole – dipole
(d) A is false but R is true (b) Dipole -induced dipole
41. Identify the non-planar species among (c) Ion- dipole
(a) SO3 (b) 𝑁𝑂 (d) Induced dipole – induced dipole
(c) 𝐶𝑂 (d) 𝑆𝑂 53. Which is the most soluble in water amongst the
42. Which among the following is the best fluoridating following?
agent? (a) LiF (b) LiCI
(a) XeF2 (b) XeF4 (c) LiBr (d) Lil
(c) XeF6 (d) XeO2F4 54. NaOH and HOCI both contains – OH groups but the
43. XeF6 is hydrolyzed to give former is base while the latter is acid in their aqueous
(a) XeOF4 (b) XeO2F2 solution, because
(c) XeO3 (d) XeO2 (a) Na-O bond is more polar than O-H bond in NaOH
19
44. Assuming CIF3 to be stereochemical rigid, its F NMR (b) –O-H bond is more polar than Na-O bond in NaOH
19
spectrum (I for F=1/2) would be (ignore any NMR (c) H-O bond in HOCI is less polar
activity of CI): (d) –O-CI bond in HOCl is more polar
(a) A doublet and triplet for a T-shaped structure 55. The structures of NF3 and NH3 are based on a
(b) A single for a trigonal planar structure tetrahedron with one corner occupied by a lone pair.
(c) A double and a singlet for a T-shaped structure Which one of the statements is true for both the
(d) Two singlets for a trigonal pyramid structure molecules?

IFAS Publications
Chapter – 2 Chemical Bonding 19
(a) both are pyramidal with bond angles 107.5 3. According to VSEPR, the geometry of a AX7E0 molecule
(b) both are pyramidal with bond angles 102.3 and is:
107.5 respectively. (a) Square antiprismatic
(c) both are pyramidal with bond angles 109.5 (b) Pentagonal pyramidal
(d) both are pyramidal with bond angles 105 and 107.5 (c) Pentagonal bipyramidal
respectively. (d) Octahedral
56. The hybrid state of carbon in C-60 4. The structure of [IF6]− is best described as:
(a) sp (b) sp2 (a) trigonally distorted octahedron
(c) sp3 (d) dsp2 (b) octahedron
57. The number of pairs of framework electrons in the closo (c) square pyramid
2-
borane [BnHn] (d) trigonal bipyramid
(a) n+1 (b) n+2 5. The species in which the central atom uses sp2 hybrid
(c) n+3 (d) n+4 orbitals in its bonding is:
58. Which of the following have identical bond orders (a) PH3 (b) NH3
(a) N2 and O2- (b) N2 and O2 (c) BCl3 (d) SbH3
(c) N2 and O2+ (d) NO and O2+ 6. Based on the VSEPR theory, the molecule IF5 has a
2
59. Which of the following d orbital involve in dsp shape of:
hybridisation: (a) Trigonal bipyramid
(a) dxy (b) dx2 (b) Square pyramidal
(c) dx2-y2 (d) dxy (c) Octahedral
(d) Pentagonal bipyramidal
ANSWER KEY
7. The geometry and shape of XeO3 is, respectively:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(a) triangular and trigonal pyramidal
A B D C D B C C B B
(b) tetrahedral and trigonal pyramidal
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 (c) tetrahedral and triangular planar
D A A C B D C B C A (d) trigonal pyramidal and triangular
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 8. Which of the following two are iso structural?
A A D B B D A C A A (a) XeF2 and 𝐼𝐹 (b) NH3 and BF3
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 (c) 𝐶𝑂 and 𝑆𝑂 (d) PCl5 and ICl5
B A C A A B A C D A 9. According to VSEPR theory, the shape of [BF 4]- ion is
(a) Tetrahedral (b) Square planar
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
(c) Trigonal bipyramid (d) Octahedral
D C C A A B A D D A
10. In spite of having trigonal bipyramid geometry, XeO 2F2
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
and XeO3F2 contains ………………. Π-bonds respectively.
B B A A B B A D C (a) 2, 3 (b) 3, 2
(c) 2, 4 (d) 4,2
VALANCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION [VSEPR] 11. The geometry of the interhalogen compound BrF3 is:
THEORY: (a) Square planar (b) Tetrahedral
1. In PCl5, the hybridization of the orbitals of the P atom is: (c) Octahedron (d) Trigonal bipyramid
(a) d2sp2 (b) sp3d 12. The total number of lone pairs for the ion 𝐼 is:
(c) d3sp (d) d3p3 (a) 0 (b) 3
2. The molecule BrF5, interconverts between: (c) 6 (d) 9
(MH –SET 2013) 13. The geometry of N(SiH3)3 will be :
(a) trigonal-bipyramidal and tetrahedral structure (a) tetrahedral (b) trigonal pyramidal
(b) square pyramidal and pentagonal structure (c) trigonal planar (d) linear
(c) trigonal-bipyramidal and square planar structure 14. The total number of lone pairs of electron in 𝐼 is:
(d) square pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal structure

IFAS Publications
20 GATE INORGANIC PRACTICE BOOK
(a) Zero (b) Three List-I List-II
(c) Six (d) Nine (a) 𝐼𝐶𝐼 (1) Linear
15. According to VSEPR theory, the molecule/ion having (b) 𝐵𝑟𝐹 (2) Pyramidal
ideal tetrahedral shape is: (c) 𝑆𝐹6 (3) Tetrahedral
(a) SF4 (b) 𝑆𝑂 (d) 𝐴𝑙𝐶𝐼 (4) Octahedral
(c) S2Cl2 (d) SO2Cl2 (5) Bent
16. The hybrid orbitals in SbF6- are: Codes:
3 2 3
(a) sp d (b) d sp (a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) dsp3 (d) dsp2 (A) 1 2 4 5
17. The shape of 𝐶𝑙𝑂 according to VSEPR theory: (B) 4 5 2 3
(C) 1 5 4 3
(a) linear (b) planar-triangular
(D) 5 1 3 4
(c) pyramidal (d) square planar 25. XeFe6 contains______________________
18. Among the following, which pair the Sulphur atoms do (a) Six bond pairs
3
not have sp hybridization? (b) Six bond pairs and a lone pair
(a) 𝑆𝑂 , SCl2 (b) H2S, SF2 (c) Six bond pairs and two lone pairs
(c) SO3, 𝑆𝑂 (d) SO3, SO2 (d) Six bond pairs and 3 lone pairs
19. The hybridization Sp3d gives rise to the following 26. Select triangular planar species among the following:
arrangement (a) ClO3- (b) H3O+
(a) Linear (b) Octahedral (c) CH3+ (d) ClO2+
(c) Trigonal bipyramidal (d) Trigonal planar 27. The states of hybridization of nitrogen in the species
20. Match the following 𝑁𝑂 , 𝑁𝑂 and 𝑁𝐻 are respectively
Molecule Hybridization and Geometry (a) sp, sp3, sp2 (b) sp, sp2, sp3
3 2
I) XeF2 1) Sp d square planar (c) sp2, sp, sp3 (d) sp2, sp3, sp
3 2
II) IF5 2) Sp d Octahedral 28. The hybridization of orbitals of N atom in 𝑁𝑂 , 𝑁𝑂
3
III) Xe F4 3) Sp d linear and 𝑁𝐻 are respectively
IV) SF6 4) Sp3 tetrahedral (a) sp2, sp, sp3 (b) sp, sp2, sp3
3 2
5) Sp d square pyramid (c) sp3, sp3, sp (d) sp2, sp3, sp3
I II III IV 29. The number of faces in the trigonal bipyramidal and
(a) 1 2 3 4 trigonal prismatic geometry are respectively:
(b) 2 3 4 5 (a) Five and Six (b) Six and Five
(c) 3 1 5 4 (c) Four and Five (d) Six and Four
(d) 3 5 1 2 30. The hybridization and shape of XeF 4 are respectively
21. The total number of lone pairs and bond pairs in ClF 4+ (a) sp3d2 and octahedral (b) sp3d2 and square
are: planar
(a) Lone pairs = 3 and bond pairs = 2 (c) sp3and tetrahedral (d) dsp2 and square planar
(b) Lone pairs = 2 and bond pairs = 3 31. The hybridization involved in the molecules PF5 and BrF5
(c) Lone pairs = 0 and bond pairs = 5 respectively are
(d) Lone pairs = 1 and bond pairs = 4 (a) dsp3 & d2sp3 (b) sp3d & sp3d2
22. The shape of the ammonia molecule is: (c) d2sp3 & d2sp3 (d) sp3d2 & sp3d2
(a) Tetrahedral (b) Trigonal pyramid 32. Which among the following has square pyramidal
(c) Trigonal bipyramid (d) Trigonal planar structure?
23. Which one of the following compounds has bond angle (a) XeF4 (b) XeO4
as nearly 90°? (c) XeO3F2 (d) XeOF4
(a) NH3 (b) H2S 33. Which among the following statement is correct
(c) POCl3 (d) SF6 regarding the structures of CF4, SF4 and XeF4?
24. Match List – I (ions) with List – II (shapes) and select the (a) Structures are same with 0, 2 and 1 lone pairs of
correct answer using the codes given below the list. electrons respectively
IFAS Publications
Chapter – 2 Chemical Bonding 21
(b)
Structures are different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs ANSWER KEY
of electrons respectively 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(c) Structures are same with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of B D c a c b b a a a
electrons respectively
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(d) Structures are different with 0, 2 and 1 lone pairs
D D c d b b c d c d
of electrons respectively
34. Which of the following pairs are isostructural? 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
(I) NO3- and SO42- D B d c b c b a b b
(II) BF3 and NF3 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(III) BrO3- and XeO3 B D b b c b a a d c
(IV) SF4 and XeF4
MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY [MOT]:
(a) I, II & IV only (b) Only III
(c) I & IV only (d) II & IV only 1. When two atoms of chlorine combine to form one
35. Match the shapes of the following molecules: molecule of chlorine gas, the energy of the molecule:
Molecules Shape (a) Greater than that of separate atoms
(a) BF3 i) square pyramid (b) Equal to that of separate atoms
(b) BrF5 ii) triangular planar (c) Lower than that of separate atoms
(c) PCI iii) tetrahedral (d) None of the above statement is correct
(d) XeO4 iv) trigonal bipyramid 2. The highest occupied molecular orbital of O2 is
v) regular pentagon (neglecting bonding/ antibonding character):
(a) a-ii, b- v, c-i, d- iv (b) a-iii, b- iv, c-i, d- ii
(a) σg (b) πg
(c) a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d- iii (d) a-ii, b- v, c-i, d- iii
(c) σu (d) πu
36. Among the following inter halogen ions which are
3. The bond order for 𝑁𝑂 species is:
having linear structure?
(a) 2 (b) 2.5
𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝑙𝐹 , 𝐵𝑟𝐹 , 𝐼𝐶𝑙
(c) 3 (d) 1.5
(a) 𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝑙𝐹 , 𝐵𝑟𝐹 , (b) 𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝑙𝐹 , 𝐼𝐶𝑙
4. Which of the following diatomic molecules is
(c) 𝐶𝑙𝐹 , 𝑙𝐹 , 𝐼𝐶𝑙 (d) All of these
paramagnetic?
37. Match the following:
(a) B2 (b) C2
Column I-Hybridization Column II - molecules
(c) N2 (d) F2
a) sp3 i) SF4
5. The bond order for O2 and the hypothetical molecules
b) dsp2 ii) XeF4
𝑁 and 𝑂 will follow the trend:
c) sp3d iii) [Ni(CN4)]2-
(a) O2 = 𝑁 <𝑂 (b) 𝑁 = O2 < 𝑂
d) sp3d2 iv) XeO3
(c) 𝑁 = 𝑂 < O2 (d) 𝑁 = 𝑂 < O2
(a) a - iv, b - iii, c-i, d – ii (b) a - ii, b - iii, c-iv, d-i
6. Carbon monoxide (CO) is isoelectronic with:
(c) a - iii, b - iv, c-i, d – ii (d) a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d - iii
(a) N2 (b) O2
38. The shapes of 𝐼 , XeF4, CIF3 and SF4 are respectively
(c) NO (d) CN–
(a) Linear, square planar, T-shaped and see-saw
7. 𝐻 , 𝐻𝑒 and O2 are all:
(b) V-shaped, square pyramid, T-shaped and see-saw
(a) Diamagnetic (b) Paramagnetic
(c) Linear, pentagonal, T-shaped and see-saw
(c) Unstable (d) Stable
(d) Linear, square pyramid, T-shaped and tetrahedral
8. How many bonding and non-bonding electrons pairs are
39. Shape and hybridization of central atom in [SeF3]+ are
found in BF3 molecule?
respectively :
(a) 1 bonding and 3 non-bonding
(a) planar trigonal, sp2 (b) planar trigonal, sp3d
(b) 2 bonding and 2 non-bonding
(c) trigonal pyramidal, sp3d (d) trigonal pyramidal, sp3
(c) 3 bonding and 1 non-bonding
40. According to VSEPR concept, which one of the following
(d) 3 bonding and 0 non-bonding
would adopt trigonal planar geometry?
9. The highest occupied MO in N2 and O2 respectively are
(a) NH4 (b) (CH3)2NH
(take x-axis as internuclear axis):
(c) CH3+ (d) CH3-

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(a) 𝜎2𝑝 , 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑝 (b) 𝜋2𝑝 (a) O2+> O2> O2- (b) O2-> O2> O2+
(c) 𝜎 ∗ 2𝑝 ,𝜎2𝑝 (d)𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝 ,𝜋 ∗ 2𝑝 (c) O2> O2+> O2- (d) O2> O2-> O2+
10. Which of the following has maximum bond energy? 22. Identify the correct energy order of orbitals in N 2:
(a) Cl2 (b) F2 (a) π 2Py, π2Px < σ2Pz (b) π 2Py, π2Pz > σ2Px
(c) Br2 (d) I2 (c) π 2Py, π2Pz >> σ2Px (d) π 2Py, π2Pz = σ2Px
11. Which of the following has maximum bond energy? 23. The bond length of the species O2, 𝑂 , 𝑂 , 𝑂 is in the
(a) 𝑂 (b) 𝑂 order:
(c) 𝑂 (d) 𝑂 (a) O2 < 𝑂 < 𝑂 < 𝑂 (b) 𝑂 < O2 < 𝑂 < 𝑂
12. The bond energies of 𝑁 , 𝑁 changes in the order: (c) 𝑂 < 𝑂 < O2 < 𝑂 (d) 𝑂 < 𝑂 < 𝑂 < O2
(a) 𝑁 = 𝑁 (b) 𝑁 > 𝑁 24. The bond energies of 𝑁 , 𝑁 changes in the order:
(c) 𝑁 < 𝑁 (d) 𝑁 = 𝑁 = 0 (a) 𝑁 = 𝑁 (b) 𝑁 > 𝑁
13. The bond length of the species O2, 𝑂 , 𝑂 , 𝑂 is in the (c) 𝑁 < 𝑁 (d) 𝑁 = 𝑁 = 0
order: 25. Paramagnetism is shown by:
(a) O2 < 𝑂 <𝑂 <𝑂 (b) 𝑂 <O2<𝑂 <𝑂 (a) N2 (b) O2
(c) 𝑂 < 𝑂 < O2 <𝑂 (d) 𝑂 <𝑂 <𝑂 <O2 (c) F2 (d) CO2
14. The bond order for i) NO+ ii) NO- and iii) NO is as follows 26. Identify the correct energy order of orbitals in N 2
(a) I < ii < iii (b) ii < iii < i (a) π 2Py, π2Px < σ2Pz (b) π 2Py, π2Pz > σ2Px
(c) I < iii < ii (d) iii < ii < i (c) π 2Py, π2Pz >> σ2Px (d) π 2Py, π2Pz = σ2Px
15. The bond length of the species O2, 𝑂 , 𝑂 , 𝑂 is in the 27. According to MO theory, the strength of bonding in O2+,
order: O2 and O2- in follows the order:
(a) 𝑂 < 𝑂 < O2 <𝑂 (b) 𝑂 <O2<𝑂 <𝑂 (a) O2+> O2> O2- (b) O2-> O2> O2+
(c) O2 < 𝑂 <𝑂 <𝑂 (d) 𝑂 <𝑂 <𝑂 <O2 (c) O2> O2+> O2- (d) O2> O2-> O2+
16. The geometries of 𝐼𝐵𝑟 and 𝐵𝑟 , respectively are 28. Which among the following has a bond order equal to
(a) Tetrahedral and tetrahedral 1?
(b) Tetrahedral and trigonal bipyramidal I. 𝑂
(c) Trigonal bipyramidal and linear II. 𝑂
(d) Linear and linear III. 𝑂
17. A hypothetical molecule has a configuration: IV. 𝐹
1𝜎 1𝜎 2𝜎 1𝜋 1𝜋 2𝜎 . What is its bond order? The correct combination is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) I, II (b) I, IV
(c) 0 (d) 1.5 (c) II, IV (d) III, IV
18. The bond order and the number of unpaired electrons 29. In a singlet multiplicity, the value of S is:
in O−2 are respectively (a) 0 (b) 1
I. 1.0 II. 1.5 III. 0 IV. 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) I, III (b) I, IV 30. Using molecular orbital theory predict bond order and
(c) II, III (d) II, IV bond length of 𝑂 :
19. The bond order, b, of a diatomic molecule which has n (a) 1/2 and 112 pm (b) 3/2 and 112 pm
electrons in bonding orbital and n* electrons in (c) 5/2 and 112 pm (d) 3/2 and 121 pm
antibonding orbital is 31. The molecular orbitals formed from two 1S atomic

(a) (n - n*) (b) (n + n*) orbitals by symmetric mode of linear combination is

called
(c) (n X n*) (d) (n / n*)
(a) 𝜎(1𝑠) (b) 𝜋(1𝑠)
20. The electronic ground state of O2 is (c) 𝜎 (1𝑠)
∗
(d) 𝜋 ∗ (1𝑠)
1 1
(a) Δg (b) Σg+ 32. Nitric oxide has the electronic configuration
3
(c) Σg− (d) 3Δu 𝜎 𝜎 ∗
𝜋 𝜎 𝜋 ∗
(K electrons). Which one of the
, ,
21. According to MO theory, the strength of bonding in O2+, following statements is correct?
O2 and O2- in follows the order:

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