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    Communication

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    Raja Kumar
    This document discusses various forms and methods of communication. It covers interpersonal, group, speaker-audience, and telephonic forms of communication. It then describes the three main methods of communication - verbal, non-verbal, and written. It proceeds to define each method and provide examples. Specifically, it delves into various aspects of non-verbal communication including kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, oculesics, olfactics, gustorics, haptics, and iconics.

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    Communication

    Uploaded by

    Raja Kumar
    4 views25 pages
    This document discusses various forms and methods of communication. It covers interpersonal, group, speaker-audience, and telephonic forms of communication. It then describes the three main methods of communication - verbal, non-verbal, and written. It proceeds to define each method and provide examples. Specifically, it delves into various aspects of non-verbal communication including kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, oculesics, olfactics, gustorics, haptics, and iconics.

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    This document discusses various forms and methods of communication. It covers interpersonal, group, speaker-audience, and telephonic forms of communication. It then describes the three main methods of communication - verbal, non-verbal, and written. It proceeds to define each method and provide examples. Specifically, it delves into various aspects of non-verbal communication including kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, oculesics, olfactics, gustorics, haptics, and iconics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views25 pages

    Communication

    Uploaded by

    Raja Kumar
    This document discusses various forms and methods of communication. It covers interpersonal, group, speaker-audience, and telephonic forms of communication. It then describes the three main methods of communication - verbal, non-verbal, and written. It proceeds to define each method and provide examples. Specifically, it delves into various aspects of non-verbal communication including kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, oculesics, olfactics, gustorics, haptics, and iconics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 25

    COMMUNICATION

    Communication Forms
    • Interpersonal face-to-face communication
    Casual conversations, formal interactions, student-student negotiations, job
    interviews
    • Group communication
    Meetings, conferences, group discussions, panel discussions
    • Speaker-audience communication
    Speeches, debates, seminars, workshops, oral presentations
    • Telephonic communication
    Personal interactions, business deals, telephone interviews
    • Written communication
    Reports, proposals, memos, letters, emails
    METHODS OF COMMUNICATION

    •Verbal communication

    •Non- verbal Communication

    •Written communication
    WHAT IS VERBAL COMMUNICATION?
    • Orally between people.

    • Advantages: immediate feedback, personal touch.

    • Aspects: gestures, facial expressions, voice modulation, tone,


    comfortable with the other person.

    • Disadvantages: less preference over written communication (business


    scenarios), difficult to modify once it was spoken.
    WHAT IS WRITTEN COMMUNICATION?
    • Widely used form.

    • Ensures formality and correctness in formal correspondence.

    • Advantages: Permanent record, Organized messages.

    • Disadvantages: does not get instant feedback, does not add personal
    touch.
    WHAT IS NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION?
    • refers to all communication that occurs without the use of words, spoken
    or written. It is concerned with body movements (kinesics), space
    (proxemics), and vocal (paralinguistic) features.

    • includes all unwritten and unspoken messages, both intentional and


    unintentional.

    • Non-verbal cues, however, speak louder than words, as even though


    speech can be made up, bodily expressions can rarely be masked well
    enough to hide one’s true feelings and emotions.
    KINESICS

    ‘You cannot not communicate. You


    communicate just by being. Nodding
    your head, blinking your eyes, shrugging
    shoulders, waving hands, and other such
    physical activities are all forms of
    communication.’
    -Watzlawick and associates
    • the study of the body’s physical movements.

    • it is the way the body communicates without words, i.e., through the
    various movements of its parts.

    • some kinesic behaviours are deliberate.


    For example, you nod your head to indicate acceptance.

    • Body Language
    includes every aspect of our appearance, from what we wear, how we stand, look, and move, to our facial
    expressions and physical habits, such as nodding the head, jingling change in the pocket, or fiddling with a
    necktie. Our use of space and gestures are other key indicators.
    • Personal appearance
    plays an important role; people see before they hear.
    • Posture
    refers to the way we hold ourselves when we stand, sit, or walk. One’s posture changes according to the situation. If
    nervous, one would normally be seen pacing, bobbing the shoulders, fidgeting with notes, jingling coins, moving constantly,
    or staying glued to the ground.
    • Gesture
    movement made by hands, head, or face. Skillful and appropriate gestures can add to the impact of verbal communication.
    A well-timed gesture not only drives a point home but also enhances the value of what is being said. Similarly, an awkward
    gesture (like playing with a key chain or button) can mar the effectiveness of the message.
    • Facial Expression
    play an important part in non-verbal communication. The face is the most expressive part of our body. A smile
    stands for friendliness, a frown for discontent, raised eyebrows for disbelief, tightened jaw muscles for
    antagonism, etc. Facial expressions are subtle. They can be used in a variety of ways to aid, inhibit, or
    complement communication. The face rarely sends a single message at a time. Instead, it sends a series of
    messages—facial expressions may show anxiety, recognition, hesitation, and pleasure in quick succession.
    • Eye Contact
    considered to be the windows of the soul. We look at the eyes of a speaker to find out the truthfulness of his/her words,
    intelligence, attitudes, and feelings. Eye contact is a direct and powerful form of non-verbal communication. We use our
    eyes to cull information. Eyes are also a rich source of feedback
    PROXEMICS
    • Study of physical space in interpersonal relations.

    • Space is related to behavioural norms.

    • The way people use space says a lot about them.

    • In a professional setting, space is used to signal power and status. For


    instance, the head of a company has a larger office than junior
    employees.
    CHRONEMICS
    • study of how human beings communicate through their use of time.

    • In the professional world, time is a valuable resource.


    Example: When we are late for an appointment, people react negatively. If we arrive early,
    we are considered either over-eager or aggressive. So, we should always be on time. By
    valuing someone else’s time, we communicate our professionalism or seriousness both
    subtly and explicitly.

    • Time language also varies from culture to culture.


    Example: In Latin countries, meetings usually begin well after their appointed time. Everyone knows
    this. It is customary, and no one is offended by the delay. In Scandinavia or Germany, on the other
    hand, strict punctuality is the rule, and tardiness is frowned upon. In India, time language varies
    according to the occasion. Punctuality is expected for a professional meeting, but it is not insisted
    upon for a party. People in India are generally liberal with time.
    OCULESICS
    • Study of eye contact in the form of non-verbal communication.

    • Eye contact is the most important cue.

    • Avoiding eye contact considered as untrustworthy, insecure, etc.

    • Direct eye contact may leads to misinterpretation as aggressiveness,


    etc.
    Example: In Indonesia and China, lowering eyes is a sign of respect.
    OLFACTICS
    • Study of smell in human communication.

    • Perspective varies from person to person.

    • Used as warning system.


    Examples: Americans are very smell conscious.
    GUSTORICS
    • Study of taste in communication.

    • Can communicate pleasure, displeasure or warning.

    • Taste as Communication.
    Classification: bitter, salty, sweet and sour.
    Taste blindness: the inability to taste.
    Taste adaptation: used to a test but cannot taste it.
    HAPTICS
    • Study of touch by non-verbal communication.

    Examples:
    Shaking hands
    Holding hands
    Hug
    Pat on the back or shoulder
    ICONICS
    • It denotes the significance of the sign language.

    • Signify one’s emotions for an object, a person or/and an event.

    • Exist for meaningful and lasting communication where words


    sometimes get restricted due to any reason.
    THANK YOU

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