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Experiment 2 Lab Manual
American International University- Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE 2207: Electrical Machines 1 Laboratory
Title: Study of Self Excited DC Shunt Generator
Introduction:
The purpose of this experiment is:
1) To study the properties of the self-excited dc shunt generator under no-load and full-
load conditions.
2) To obtain the armature voltage versus armature current load curve of the generator.
Theory and Methodology:
An electric generator or electric motor consists of a rotor spinning in a magnetic field. The magnetic
field may be produced by permanent magnets or by field coils. In the case of a machine with field
coils, a current must flow in the coils to generate the field; otherwise no power is transferred to or
from the rotor. The process of generating a magnetic field by means of an electric current is called
excitation. A field coil may be connected in shunt, in series, or in compound with the armature of a
DC machine (motor or generator).
Self-excited generators are those whose field magnets are energized by the current produced by the
generators themselves. Due to residual magnetism, there is always present some flux in the poles.
When the armature is rotated, some e.m.f and hence some induced current is produced which is partly
or fully passed through the field coils thereby strengthening the residual pole flux. There are three
types of self-excited generators named according to the manner in which their field coils are
connected to the armature.
i) Shunt-wound: The field windings are connected across or in parallel with the armature
conductors and have the full voltage of the generator applied across them.
ii) Series-wound: The field windings are joined in series with the armature conductors.
iii) Compound-wound: It is a combination of a few series and a few shunt windings and can
be either short-shunt or long-shunt.
Figure-1: Shunt-wound Figure-2: Series-wound Figure-3: Long-shunt Figure-4: Short-shunt
In a self-excited generator, the field winding is connected to the generator output. It may be connected
across the output, in series with the output, or a combination of the two. The way in which the field is
connected (shunt, series or compound) determines many of the generator’s characteristics.
Self-excitation is possible because of the residual magnetism in the stator pole pieces. As the armature
rotates a small voltage is induced across its windings. When the field winding is connected in parallel
(shut) with the armature a small field current will flow. If this small field current is flowing in the
proper direction, the residual magnetism will be reinforced which further increases the armature
voltage and thus, a rapid voltage build-up occurs.
© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 1

If the field current flows in the wrong direction, the residual magnetism will be reduced and voltage
build-up cannot occur. In this case, interchanging the shunt field leads will correct the situation. It is
the purpose of this laboratory experiment to show these major points.
Pre-Lab Homework:
Students will be provided the upcoming lab sheets and they will be asked to take preparation
about the theoretical (operations /working principle) information of the particular topic from
the reference book.
Apparatus:
Description Model
DC Motor/Generator 8211
Synchronous Motor/Generator 8241
Variable Resistance 8311
DC Voltmeter/Ammeter 8412
AC Ammeter 8425
Power Supply 8821
Connection Leads 8941
Timing Belt 8942
Precautions:
High voltages are present in this Laboratory Experiment! Do not make any connections with
the power on! The power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement!
Experimental Procedure:
1. Because of its constant running speed, the Synchronous Motor/Generator will be used
to mechanically drive the DC Motor/Generator. Using your Power Supply, AC
Ammeter and Synchronous Motor connect the circuit shown in Figure 5.
Figure: 5
2. Terminals 1, 2 and 3 on the Power Supply provide fixed three-phase power for the
three stator windings. (Three-phase power will be covered in later Laboratory

Experiments). Terminals 8 and N on the Power Supply provide fixed dc power for the rotor
winding.
Set the rheostat control knob to its proper position for normal excitation (Laboratory
Experiment 1, Procedure 6)
3.a) Using your DC Motor/Generator, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and Variable Resistance,

connect the circuit shown in Figure 6.
b) Using your DC Motor/Generator, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and Variable Resistance,

connect the circuit shown in Figure 6.
c) Turn your DC Motor Generator field rheostat control knob full cw for minimum resistance.
d) Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position.
e) Place the resistance switches for no-load (all switches open).
Warning: The switch in the excitation circuit of the Synchronous Motor should be
closed (down position) only when the motor is running.
Figure-6
4. a) Turn on the Power Supply. The Synchronous Motor should start running. Close switch
S.
b) Note if voltage EA builds up.
Yes No
c) If not, turn off the Power Supply and interchange the shunt field leads at terminals 5 and 6.
d) Measure the open circuit armature voltage. E A = ___________ V dc
5. Vary the field rheostat. Does the armature voltage EA change?
Yes No
Explain why?

6. a) Place the resistance switches so that the total load resistance is 480 Ω. Adjust the field
rheostat until the DC Generator is delivering an output voltage of 240 V dc. The AC
Ammeter IA should indicate 0.5A dc.
b) This is the correct setting of the field rheostat control for the rated power output (240 V ×
0.5 A = 120 W) of the DC Generator
Do not touch the field rheostat control for the remainder of the Laboratory
Experiment!
7. a) Adjust the load resistance to obtain each of the values listed in Table 1.
b) Measure and record EA and IA for each of the resistance values listed in the Table.
Note: Although the nominal output current rating of the DC Generator is 0.5A dc, it
may be loaded up to 0.75A dc (50% overloads) without harm.
Table-1
c) Turn off the Power Supply.
d) Calculate and record the power for each of the resistances shown in Table 1.
8. a) Reverse the rotation of the driving motor by interchanging any two of the stator lead
connections (Terminals 1, 2, or 3) to the Synchronous Motor.
b) Remove the Generator load by opening all of the resistance switches.
c) Turn on the Power Supply.
d) Does the Generator voltage build up?
Yes No
Explain why?
e) Turn off the Power Supply.

Plot the EA versus I A regulation curve on the graph. Use the data from Table 1.
Questions for report writing:
1. If a self-excited generator has lost all of its residual magnetism, can it build up an
output voltage?
2. How can a self-excited generator be made to “build-up” after it had lost all of its
residual magnetism?
3. Does a generator slowly lose its residual magnetism with time?
4. Calculate the regulation from no-load to full-load (0.5A dc).
5. Compare the regulation of the self-excited generator with the regulation of the
separately-excited generator.
6. Explain why one of the generators has better regulation than the other.
Reference(s):
[1] B.L.Theraja, A.K.Theraja,: A textbook of Electrical Technology, Volume- II, S. Chand

& company Ltd.
[2] Lab volt lab manual.

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Experiment 2 Lab Manual

American International University- Bangladesh

Title: Study of Self Excited DC Shunt Generator

The purpose of this experiment is:

Theory and Methodology:

Figure-1: Shunt-wound Figure-2: Series-wound Figure-3: Long-shunt Figure-4: Short-shunt

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 1

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 2

3.a) Using your DC Motor/Generator, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and Variable Resistance,

b) Using your DC Motor/Generator, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and Variable Resistance,

d) Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position.

e) Place the resistance switches for no-load (all switches open).

b) Note if voltage EA builds up.

d) Measure the open circuit armature voltage. E A = ___________ V dc

5. Vary the field rheostat. Does the armature voltage EA change?

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 3

c) Turn off the Power Supply.

b) Remove the Generator load by opening all of the resistance switches.

c) Turn on the Power Supply.

d) Does the Generator voltage build up?

e) Turn off the Power Supply.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 4

Questions for report writing:

[1] B.L.Theraja, A.K.Theraja,: A textbook of Electrical Technology, Volume- II, S. Chand

[2] Lab volt lab manual.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 5

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