CH 6
CH 6
CH 6
Inductors
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Goals
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6.1 Introduction
1. So far, we studied resistive circuits.
𝒒 = 𝑪𝒗 (𝟔. 𝟏)
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Current-voltage relation of the capacitor
𝒅𝒒
i= (6.3)
𝒅𝒕
Differentiating both sides of Eq. (6.1) gives
𝒅𝒗
i= 𝑪 (6.4)
𝒅𝒕
Integrating both sides of Eq. (6.4) gives
𝒕
𝒗 𝒕 = 𝒊 𝒕 𝝉 𝒅𝝉 + 𝒗(𝒕𝟎 ) (6.6)
𝟎
𝟏 𝒒𝟐
𝒘 = 𝒒𝒗 = (𝟔. 𝟏𝟎)
𝟐 𝟐𝑪
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Properties of the capacitor
1. A capacitor is an open circuit to dc
(current = 0).
2. The voltage on the capacitor must be
continuous: The voltage on a capacitor
cannot change abruptly.
3. The ideal capacitor does not dissipate
energy.
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Example (6.1)
(a) Calculate the charge stored on a 3-pF capacitor
with 20 V across it.
Solution:
𝒅𝒗 𝒅
𝒊=𝑪 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 (𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 )
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
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Example (6.4)
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6.3 Parallel and Series Capacitors
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Example (6.6)
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6.4 Inductors
An inductor consists of a coil of conducting wire.
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Current-voltage relation of the inductor
𝒅𝒊
𝒗= 𝑳 (6.18)
𝒅𝒕
Inductance L is the property whereby an inductor exhibits
opposition to the change of current flowing through it, measured
in henrys (H).
where i(t0) is the total current for −∞ < t < t0 and i(−∞) = 0.
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The instantaneous power delivered to the inductor is:
𝒅𝒊
𝒑 = 𝒊𝒗 = 𝑳𝒊 (𝟔. 𝟐𝟐)
𝒅𝒕
The energy stored in the capacitor is:
𝒕 𝒕
𝒅𝒊
𝒘 = න 𝒑 𝝉 𝒅𝝉 = 𝑳 න 𝒊 𝒅𝝉
−∞ −∞ 𝒅𝝉
𝟏 𝟐
= 𝑳𝒊 (𝟔. 𝟐𝟒)
𝟐
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Properties of the inductor
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Example (6.9)
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6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors
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Solution: Under dc conditions, the circuit is as shown below:
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