Manufacture & Uses of Sulfur 2 QP
Manufacture & Uses of Sulfur 2 QP
Manufacture & Uses of Sulfur 2 QP
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(c) Sulfur dioxide is a reductant (reducing agent). Describe what you would see when
aqueous sulfur dioxide is added to acidified potassium manganate(VII).
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(d) Sulfur dioxide can also be made by the reaction between a sulfite and an acid.
Excess hydrochloric acid was added to 3.15 g of sodium sulfite. Calculate the maximum
volume, measured at r.t.p., of sulfur dioxide which could be formed.
The mass of one mole of Na2SO3 is 126 g.
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[Total: 9]
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2 A major ore of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS. A by-product of the extraction of zinc from this ore is
sulfur dioxide which is used to make sulfuric acid.
(a) (i) Zinc blende is heated in air. Zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide are formed. Write the
balanced equation for this reaction.
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(ii) Zinc oxide is reduced to zinc by heating with carbon. Name two other reagents
which could reduce zinc oxide.
o reagents from named metal(s) more reactive than zinc/carbon monoxide
not hydrogen
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(iii) The zinc obtained is impure. It is a mixture of metals. Explain how fractional distillation
could separate this mixture.
zinc bp = 908 °C, cadmium bp = 765 °C, lead bp = 1751 °C
they have different boiling points
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cadmium will distil first then zinc leaving lead/lead distilled last [2]
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(b) Sulfur dioxide is used to make sulfur trioxide in the Contact Process.
temperature: 450 °C
pressure: 2 atmospheres
catalyst: vanadium(V) oxide
Explain, mentioning both position of equilibrium and rate, why these conditions give the
most economic yield.
For a higher yield, lower the temperature. then rate would be too slow or uneconomic
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a discussion of optimum temperature
presence of catalyst would increase rate (at same temperature)
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does not alter the yield (at that temperature)
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/ economic rate at lower temperature, therefore higher yield
higher pressure which would increase yield / rate
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yield high enough / high pressure expensive
[Total: 10]
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3 Sulfur is needed for the production of sulfuric acid. Two of the major sources of sulfur
(a) Explain why sulfur and its compounds are removed from these fuels before they are
burned.
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(b) Sulfur dioxide is made by spraying molten sulfur into air. The sulfur ignites and sulfur
dioxide is formed.
(i) Suggest why molten sulfur is used in the form of a fine spray.
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(ii) Explain why traces of sulfur dioxide act as a preservative in fruit juices.
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(c) Describe how sulfur dioxide is changed into sulfur trioxide. Give the reaction conditions
and an equation.
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
temperature 450 to 500
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C
pressure 1 to 2 atmospheres
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vanadium oxide
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(d) Complete the following equations for the formation of sulfuric acid from sulfur trioxide.
[Total: 12]
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4 The major use of sulfur dioxide is to manufacture sulfuric acid.
(a) (i) Another use of sulfur dioxide is as the food additive E220.
How does it preserve food?
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Sulfur trioxide needs to react with .............................. to form sulfuric acid. [4]
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method ......................................................................................................................
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(d) 20.0 cm3 of sulfuric acid, concentration 0.30 mol / dm3, was added to 40 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide, concentration 0.20 mol / dm3.
reason .......................................................................................................................
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(iv) Is the pH of the final mixture less than 7, equal to 7 or more than 7?
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[Total: 15]
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5 (a Sulfuric acid is made by the Contact process.
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
This is carried out in the presence of a catalyst at 450 °C and 2 atmospheres pressure.
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(iv) If the temperature is decreased to 300 °C, the yield of sulfur trioxide increases.
Explain why this lower temperature is not used.
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(v) Sulfur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid. This is added to water to
make more sulfuric acid. Why is sulfur trioxide not added directly to water?
[1]
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(b) Sulfuric acid was first made in the Middle East by heating the mineral, green vitriol,
FeSO4.7H2O. The gases formed were cooled.
(i) How could you show that the first reaction is reversible?
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(ii) Sulfurous acid is a reductant. What would you see when acidified potassium
manganate(VII) is added to a solution containing this acid?
[2]
(iii) Suggest an explanation why sulfurous acid in contact with air changes into sulfuric
acid.
[1]
(c) 9.12 g of anhydrous iron(II) sulfate was heated. Calculate the mass of iron(III) oxide
formed and the volume of sulfur trioxide, at r.t.p., formed.
[6]
[Total: 16]
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6 Sulphuric acid is made by the Contact process in the following sequence of reactions.
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2SO2 + O2 2SO3
The percentage of sulphur trioxide in the equilibrium mixture varies with temperature.
percentage of
sulphur trioxide
temperature
(i) How does the percentage of sulphur trioxide in the equilibrium mixture vary as the
temperature increases? Circle the correct answer.
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(iii) Explain, mentioning both rate and percentage yield, why the temperature used in
the Contact process is 450°C.
Low enough for good yield
High enough for (economic) ratet
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(iv) Describe how the sulphur trioxide is changed into concentrated sulphuric acid.
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