• Types of internal floating roofs: Non-contact & Full-contact
• Types of external floating roofs: Pontoon & Double Deck • For Floating roof minimum thickness’ page 143 of EEMUA 159 • Roof loads = snow + Vacuum or People + Vacuum • Maximum distance between tank roof supports: Cone roof less than 1.7m Dome roof less than 3.35m • Maximum distortion is 4% of the distance between the roof supports • Common failure of a floating roof: poor drainage (rain water collecting) • Liquid mounted rim seal is the most efficient • A seal with an inward movement of 100mm requires an outward movement of 300mm • The effective function of the frangible joint is less certain in tanks less than 12.5m in diameter, especially those designed with dome and membrane roofs. • If roof has no frangible joint fit over pressure vents/emergency vents • Single deck floating roof design conditions: Centre deck carry 250mmdepth of rainfall (24hr period), drains closed 2 adjacent pontoons & centre deck do not contribute to buoyancy Landing legs: 1.2kN/m2 + dead weight of roof
Floor Notes • Annular ring welds (radial butt welds) are more resistant to cycle fatigue
Shell Notes • Vertical welds are strongest • Circumferential Stress’ are higher • Axial stress is 50% of hoop stress • Elongation of tank shell when filled to maximum height is radius/1000 • Number of Vertical scans: D<20 = 4 20≤ D <36 = 8 D≥36 = No more than 15m apart. D x Pi 15 Venting/Pressures Notes • 1Mbar = 100 N/M2 • 42-gallon barrels = 1 Barrel (159 litres) • 10mm water gauge = 1mBar • Anything over 852mBar is a pressure vessel • Atmospheric Tank (also known as Non-pressure or free venting) has a pressure/vacuum of +7.5/-2.5 mBar • 2 Types of Evaporation loss are Breathing Loss & Filling Loss • Low flash point-High Evaporation = PV Vent • High flash point-Low Evaporation = Free Vent
Bund/Foundations/Jacking Notes • Top soil compacts 30-60% in the first 10,000 days of operation • Top soil compacts 30-60% during hydro test • 100mm is the height use in sequential jacking • Optimum width for tank shoulder pad is D< 15m: 1m D> 15m: 1.5m • Maximum distance between tank anchors is 3m • Once a tank has been moved/jacked: Vac box all bottom welds, MPI internal shell to annular weld & Hydro test • Elephants foot is caused by seismic activity (see page 110) Settlement Types • Even/Uniform • Uneven/Radial/Circumferential • Edge • Differential • Centre Dishing (sagging)
• Foundation types page 59 of EEMUA 159
Misc. Notes • Yield strength = Point where deformation starts (forbidden to bypass yet won’t break at this point) • Tensile strength= Point where material will break (happens AFTER yield strength) • Maximum allowable stress is 0.8 (80%) of the yield strength • When temperature rises above 150°c yield strength drops • 475°c or above is the point carbon steel loses strength • If you have high winds it is recommended that you fill the tank (Tanks are designed to withstand a wind speed of 45 m/s) • 10mm thick steel 1m2 = 78.5kg • 1Bar = 14.5 PSI • 10m of water = 1Bar • LOADMAT = Lowest One Day Mean Ambient Temperature (Test at 10°c above regional LOADMAT)
Codes/Standards • B.S. 2654 (UK & Ireland) • A.P.I 650 & API 620 (America) • EN14015-1(EU) • DIN 4779, DIN 4119-1, DIN 4119-2 (Germany) • CORDES (France) • G0801 (Dutch)
Repairs (Shell) • Thickness of patch plate no can be no thicker than parent plate • When carrying out repairs, weld vertical welds first • If corrosion exceeds 100mm2 - Insert Plate • If corrosion exceeds 25% of nominal – Patch Plate • If corrosion is outside the HAZ and is less than 25% of nominal – Weld repair (weld then to be ground flush) Live Load Calculations • Plate Volume Calculation (V)
Thickness x Area = V 1000
• Plate Density Calculation (G)
V x 7850 = G
• Unit Live Load
G x 9.81 2 x x (R x1000) R=Radius
• Wind Girder Density
(∅ x ) x W W=Wind Girder Weight
• Total Q (q)
Total Q is the sum of ALL Live loads
• Appearing Stress
q Q Thickness of Course Below
• Allowable Stress
12411 x Thickness of Course Below
R x1000
Note: Thickness = Tmin as per EEMUA not ‘As Built’
• Unity Check
Allowable Stress Appearing Stress
Note: If Appearing is higher than Allowable then tank has failed
