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    RLC Series Circuit-1

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    ubaidnazir45198

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    RLC Series Circuit-1

    Uploaded by

    ubaidnazir45198
    10 views6 pages

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    10 views6 pages

    RLC Series Circuit-1

    Uploaded by

    ubaidnazir45198

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Experiment no.

    2
    R L C series circuits
    Object:
    To study the characteristics of ac circuits.

    Apparatus:
    1- Dual beam oscilloscope.
    2- Function generator.
    3- Resistance box.
    4- Capacitance box.
    5- Inductance box.
    6- Coaxial cable.
    7- Connecting wires.

    Theory:
    A- Impedance : the impedance of a two terminal network may be
    expressed as:

    Z=v/I (ohms)

    Where z = complex impedance

    V= complex voltage

    I complex current

    The complex impedance is also expressed as:

    Z=r+jx in Cartesian form

    Z=zeiФ in polar form.

    B- THE SERIES RC CIRCUIT:


    Fig 2.1 illustrate a series rc circuit connected to an ac voltage
    source.
    The applied voltage can be expressed as:
    V=Vm sinɷt
    =Ir +1/C∫ 𝑖𝑑𝑡
    The solusion of this differential equation results in.

    I=IM sin(ɷt+Ф)

    This equation shows that current I leads voltage v by Ф

    The impressed voltage v can expressed form as:

    V=VR-jVC

    Which can be expressed as(see phasor diagram):

    |v|= 𝑉 +𝑉

    = (𝐼𝑅) + (𝐼 𝑋 )

    =|I| (𝑅) + ( 𝑋 )

    Where XC=1/(ɷC)

    And the phase angle Ф is given by:

    Ф=tan-1(-VC/VR)=tan-1(-XC/R)

    a) Circuit and wave form

    Fig 2.1 series RC


    b) phasor diagram

    FIG. 2.1 series RC

    C- Series RL circuit:

    Fig.2.2 illustrate a series RL circuit to which a sinusoidal voltage


    v=VM sin ɷt is

    impressed.

    Applying K.V.L, one gets:

    V=IR-Ldi/dt

    Solving eqn for I, one gets

    I=IM Sin(ɷt-Ф)

    Thus the current I lags the voltage v by Ф.

    From phasor diagram, one express:

    |v|= 𝑉 +𝑉

    = (𝐼𝑅) + (𝐼 𝑋 )

    =|I| (𝑅) + ( 𝑋 )

    Where XL= ɷL

    Ф=tan-1(VL/VR)=tan-1(XL/R)
    a) circuit and waveforms

    b) Phasor diagram

    Fig 2.2 a series RL circuit

    D- THE SERIES RLC CIRCUIT:

    A series RLC circuit is illustrated in fig.2.3. as obvious from the


    figure the effect of XL and XC are opposite. VL leads the current by
    90° while VC lags the current by 90° thusthe voltage across capacitor
    and inductor are out of phase by 180°. If the magnitude of these
    voltage are equal, they cancel each other and the total reactance in the
    circuit

    XL-XC=0

    The impedance of the circuit is

    Z=R+jXL-jXC

    And the phase angle Ф is given by

    Ф=tan-1((VL-VC)/VR)

    =tan-1((XL-XC)/ R)
    If XL=XC the circuit is resistive

    XL>XC the circuit is inductive

    XL<XC the circuit is capacitive

    a) Circuit b) phasor diagram

    c)impedance triangle

    fig.2.3.A series RLC circuit

    Procedure
    Part A: series RC circuit

    i- Connect the circuit shown in fig 2.1


    ii- Set the input voltage at 3VP.P, 300Hz
    iii- Measure the phase shift between the current I and the applied
    voltage v by using oscilloscope.
    iv- Calculate the phase angle theoretically.
    Part B:series RL Circuit

    i- Connect the circuit shown in fig.2.2


    ii- Set input voltage at 4VP.P, 250Hz
    iii- Repeat step (iii)&(iv) in part A.

    Part C: series RLC circuit

    i- Connect the circuit shown in fig.2.3


    ii- Set the input voltage at 4 VP.P 1 kHz
    iii- Measure the phase shift between input voltage and total current.
    iv- Calculate the phase angle theoretically

    Discussion
    1- Explain why the phasor and the impedance have the same angle.
    2- At what condition the following results obtained?
    a- Phase angle equal zero
    b- The applied voltage lead the current by 90°.
    c- The average power equal to zero.
    3- In general, how would the phasor diagram of Figure 2.1 change if
    the frequency was raised?
    4- In general, how would the phasor diagram of Figure 2.2 change if
    the frequency was lowered?

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