Ch1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry Ncert Excercise Solution
Ch1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry Ncert Excercise Solution
Ch1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry Ncert Excercise Solution
NCERT
QUESTONS AND EXERGISES
wIT ANsWERS
Q.1.1. Calculate the molecular
) H,O (#) CO2 (i)
mass of :
4
Mass per cent of oxygen x100 =45-07%
42
Q. 1.3. Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of iron which has 69-9%o iron and 30-1%
mass. (Atomic mass Fe
oxygen by
: = 55*85 amu, O =16-00 amu).
Ans.
sodium acetate
0-375 mole
S00 mL of the solution should contain
Molar mass of sodium acetate = 82-0245 g mol
Q. 1.6. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre ín a sample which has a density, 1-41
69%.
Ans.
gmL and mass per cent of nitric acid in it being
Mass percent of 69% means that 100 g of nitric acid solution contain 69 g of nitric acid by mass.
n
Molar
mass 159-8
Empirical formula mass 159-7
Hence, molecular formula is same as empirical formula, viz.,
Q. 1.9. Caleulate the atomic mass (average)
Fe,03.
%
of chlorine using
the
Natural Abundance
following data:
Molar Mass
35CI 75-77
37 CI 34-9689
24-23
369659
sOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 1/127
0-0293 M
Q. 1.12. If the density of methanol is 0-793 kg L-, what is its volume needed for making 2-5 L of its 0-25 M
solution ?
Ans. Molar mass of methanol (CH,OH) = 32 g moll = 0032 kg mol
Applying M, *V1
(Given solution)
=
M,V
(Solution to be prepared)
2478 x V = 025 x 25L
Ans. Pressure is the force (i.e., weight) acting per unit arca
But weight = mg
1034gx9-8 ms2
Pressure = weight per unit area
m-
Ans. S.I. unit of mass is kilogram (kg). For definition, refer to page l/12.
Padeep s
New (XI) VO
Course chemistry (X)n
1/128
mulnp
with their
. 1.15. Match the following prefixes
Prelxes Multiplles
10
() micro
10
(ü) deca
10
mega
(iv) giga 10-15
femto 10
= 10°. giga = 10, femto
=
10
= 10, deca =
10, mega
ns. micro
Q.1.16. What do you mean
by significant figures
Ans. Refer to Art. 1.13, page 1/18.
severely contaminated
with chloroform, CH
CHG,
found to be mass).
water was
15 PPm (Dy
1.17. A sample of drinking The level of
contamination
was
Supposed to be carcinogen.
10= 15 x 10 %
x100 = 15 x
% by mass=
10
of chloroform (CHCl)
= 12 + I +3 x 35:5 = l185 g mol
(i) Molar mass
1-5 x 108
contain chloroform
=
100 g
of the sample
1:5 x 10g = x10mole
* 118-65
contain chloroform
=
will
1000g (1 kg) of the sample = 1-266 x 1 0 mole
Molality 1-266 x
10 m.
in scientific notation:
Q. 1.18. Express the following (v) 6-0012
8008 (iv) 500-0
(0) O-0048 (i) 234, 000 (iüi) 10°
8-008 x 10° (iv) 5-000 x 10 (v) 6-0012 x
(i) 2:34 x 10 (ii)
Ans. () 4-8 x
10 ?
Q. 1.19. How many significant figures are present in the following
500-0 (vi) 2-0034
() 0-0025 () 208 (üi) 5005 (iv) 126,000 ()
Ans. ()2 (i) 3 (ti) 4 (iv) 3 (v)4 (vi) 5.
:
Round up upto three significant ngures
Q. 1.20.
() 34-216 ) 10-4107 (ii) 0-04597 (iv) 2808
2810 (For rules, see page 1/21)
Ans. () 34-2 (ii) 10-4 (ii) 0-0460 (iv)
The data were obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react together to form diferen
Q. 1.21. (a) following
compounds
Mass of dinitrogen Mass of dioxygen
14g 16 g
)
14 8 32 g
(ii)
28 g 32 g
(ii)
(iv) 28 g 80 g tement.
Which law of ehemical combination is obeyed by the above experimental data ? Give its sa
the given four oxides. These are in the ratio 2: 4:2:5which is a simple whole number rau
I/32.
given data obey the law of multiple proportions. Definition-Refer to Ar. 1.19, Page
1/129
sOME BASIc cONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
1000 m pm 10 pm
km = I km x |km 10-12 m
(ii) I mg I mg*
jO00 mg 1000 g
1kg= 10- kg
gxg
mg=1 mg 1000 =106 ng
mg 10 8
(iin) I mLI mLx = 10L
1000 mL
Tdm xl dmxl dm
I ml 1 cm° I
10cmx 10cmx 10cm 10 dm
X
= =
cm
the distance covered by light in 2-00 ns.
Q. 1.22. If the speed of light is 3-0 x 10 m s, calculate
Time 3-0 10 s' x 2-00 ns
Ans. Distance covered =
Speed x = x m
(v) 2.5 moles of A will react with 2.5 moles of B. Hence, A is the limiting reagent.
react with each other to produce ammonia according to the chemical
Q. 1.24. Dinitrogen and dihydrogen
equation :
N, (8)+3 H, (8)
2
NH, (g)
if 2-00 x 10 g dinitrogen reacts with 1-00 x 10 g
(i) Calculate the mass of ammonia produced
dihydrogen
reactants remain unreacted?
(ti) Will any of the two
and what would be its mass?
(ii) If yes, which one
6 g of
Ans. () I mole of N2. i.e, 28 g react with 3 moles of H2, i.e., H,
0.50 x 106 g = 53 8
0-50 mol Na,CO, means
are present in l
litre of the solution.
0-50 mol, i.e., 53 g Na2COg
-S0 M
NaCOg means how many
volum
with five volumes dioxygen gas,
of lumes ot
L6. ten volumes
water vapour
of dihydrogen gas reacts
could be produced ?
2 H20 (g).
react according to the equation
2 H (g) +
O2 (g)
AnS.
H2
Thus, O2
and2 volumes of H2 react with I volume of O to produce 2 volumes o waer vapour. Hence
ur.
x x
197
6-02 10 atoms
(tii) 1 g Li
=; mol =
;7 x x
18g moll
55-55 moles
Substituting n (H,0) = 55-55 in eqn (), we get
?
Q. 1.31. How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the following calculations
0-02856x 298-15x0-112 0-0215
0) (i) 5 x 5:364 (ii) 0-0125 +0-7864 +
0-5785
Ans. (1) The least precise term has 3 significant figures (i.e., in 0-112). Hence, the answer should have 3
Significant figures.
Hence, the answer should
() Leaving the exact number (5), the second term has 4 significant figures.
have 4 significant figures.
in the is 4. Hence, the answer should
(tin) In the given addition, the least number of decimal places term
have 4 significant.
Q. 1.32. Use the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of naturally occurringargon
Isotope Isotopic molar mass Abundance
30 Ar
35-96755 g moll 0-337
38 Ar 37-96272 g mol 0-063
40 Ar 39-9624 g moll 99-600
Ans. Molar mass of Ar =
2Sj A
0-00337 x 35.96755 + 0-00063 x 37.96272 + 0:99600 x 39.96924
39-948 g
=
mo
Q. 1.33. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following:
() 52 moles of He (i) 52 u of He (üi) 52 g of He
Ans. (i) 1 mol of He = 6-022 x 1045 atoms
5 2 mol of He = 52 x 6-022 x 1045 atoms = 3-131 x 10 atoms
(i) 1 atom le = 4 u of He
4u ofHe= 1 atom of He
5 2 u of He = x52 atoms = 13 atoms
Q.1.34. A welding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a small sample of it in oxygen
gives 3-38 g carbon dioxide, 0-690 g of water and no other products. A volume of 10-0L (measured
at S.T.P.) of this welding gas is found to weigh 116 g Calculate (i) empirical formula (ü) molar
mass of thhe gas, and (üi) molecular formula.
"