sOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 1/125

NCERT
QUESTONS AND EXERGISES
wIT ANsWERS
Q.1.1. Calculate the molecular
) H,O (#) CO2 (i)
mass of :

Ans. () Molecular mass of

CH4
H20 =2 (1-008 amu) + 16-00
18-016 amu
amu =

(i) Molecular mass of

cO^= 12:01 amu 16-00
+2 x 44-01 amu
amu =

(ii) Molecular mass of CH, = 12-01 amu + 4 (1-008

amu) 16-042 amu =

Q.1.2. Calculate the mass per cent

of different elements present in sodium sulphate (Na,S0J.
Ans. Mass o of an element = assot that elementin the compound
Molar <100
mass of the compound
Now, molar mass of
NaSO4 =2 (23-0)+32-0+4 x 16-0 = 142 g
mol
Mass percent of sodium =
x100 32-39%

Mass per cent of sulphur - x100 = 22-54%

142

4
Mass per cent of oxygen x100 =45-07%
42

Q. 1.3. Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of iron which has 69-9%o iron and 30-1%
mass. (Atomic mass Fe
oxygen by
: = 55*85 amu, O =16-00 amu).
Ans.

Moles of the element

Element Symbol % by mass AtomicC mass
Simplest Simplest whole
(Relative no. molar ratio number
of moles)
molar ratio

Iron Fe 69.9 55.85

699=1-25
55-85
1-25
125

Oxygen O 30-1 16-00 30 188

160088
1-88
1-25

Empirical formula = Fe03

Q. 14. Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when
()1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
Gi) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(i) 2 moles of carbon burnt in 16 g of
are
dioxygen.
 Pradeep 'a New Course Chemistry (XI)
1/126 vOL
is
of carbon in dioxygen/air
Ans. The balanced equation for the combustion
C (s) + O2 (8 CO, (8)
1 mole
mole mole
(44 g)
(32 8
the combustion of l mole of carbon
(0 n air, combustion is
complete. Therefore, CO2 produced from 44
combine only with 0-5 mole of carbon, i.e., dioxvot
u) As only 16 g of dioxygen is available, it can
Oxygen is
8
(in) limiting
the reactant. Hence, produced
CO Z
Here again, dioxygen is the limiting reactant. 16 g of dioxygen can comoine oniy with 0:5 mole

carbon. CO, produced again is equal to 22 8.

s00 mL of 0-375
Q.1.5. Calculate the mass of sodlum acetate to make
(CH,COONa) requiredmoi mola.
acetate is 82-02458
Ans. aqueous
solution. Molar mass of sodiunm
0:375 M aqueous solution means that 1000 mL of the solution contain sodium acetate = 0-375 mole
nole

sodium acetate
0-375 mole
S00 mL of the solution should contain
Molar mass of sodium acetate = 82-0245 g mol

0-375 mole 82-0245g mol 15-380 g.

Mass of sodium acetate acquired = x

Q. 1.6. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre ín a sample which has a density, 1-41
69%.
Ans.
gmL and mass per cent of nitric acid in it being
Mass percent of 69% means that 100 g of nitric acid solution contain 69 g of nitric acid by mass.

Molar mass of nitric acid (HNO3) = 1 + 14 +48 = 63 g mol

Moles in 69 g HNO 698= 1-095 mole

63g mol
100g 70:92 mL = 007092 L
Volume of 100 g nitric acid solution4o mL
. Conc. of HNO, in moles per litre 1-095 mole= 15-44 M
0-07092 L
Cu
Q. 1.7. How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO) ? (Atomic mas of
= 63-5 amu)
Ans. I mole of CuSO4 contains I mole (1 g atom) of Cu
Molar mass of CusO, = 635+32 +4 x l6= 159.5 g mol
Thus, Cu that can be obtained from 1595 g of CuSO, = 635 g

Cu that can be obtained from 100 g of Cuso, =63-5

5 x100g = 39-81 g
159.5
Q.1.8. Determine the molecularformula of an oxide of iron in which the mass percent of iron and oy
are 69-9 and 30-1 respectively. Given that the molar mass of the oxide is 159-8 g mo (At0
mass: Fe 55-85, O = 16-00 amu)
Ans. Caleulation of Empirical Formula. See Q. 1.3.
Empirical formula mass of Fe,O, = 2 x 55-85 + 3 x 16-00 = 159.7 g mol

n
Molar
mass 159-8
Empirical formula mass 159-7
Hence, molecular formula is same as empirical formula, viz.,
Q. 1.9. Caleulate the atomic mass (average)
Fe,03.
%
of chlorine using
the
Natural Abundance
following data:
Molar Mass
35CI 75-77
37 CI 34-9689
24-23
369659
 sOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 1/127

Ans. Fractional abundance of CI

07577, Molar mass = 34.9689
=

Fractional abundance of ""Cl

0 2423, Molar mass 36
=
=
9639
Average atomic mass = (0.7577) (34.9689 amu) + (0-2423) (36-9659 amu)
26-4959+ 8.9568 =35-4527
Q. 1.10. n three moles of ethane (C2Hg), calculate: (1) Number of moles of carbon atoms
() Number of moles of hydrogen atoms (ili) Number of molecules of ethane
Ans. (i) I mole of
CH, contains 2 moles of carbon atoms
3 moles
of C,H, will C-atoms =6 moles
(i) I mole of
C2H, contains 6 moles of hydrogen atoms
3 moles of C,H,
will contain H-atoms = 18 moles
(ii) I mole of C2H, contains
Avogadro's no., i.e., 6-02 x 10 molecules
of x 1023 = 18-06 x 10 molecules
C;H6 will contain ethane molecules
5 moles
1.11. What is the concentration ofsugar (CHo) in mol 1- if its 20 g are dissolved in enough
= 3 x 6-02

water to make a final volume up to 2 L?

Ans. Molar mass
ofsugar (C2H2011)= 12x 12+22 x1 +l1 x 16 = 342 g
molr
No. of moles in 20 208
g of sugar 34
342g
e mol-b085
mol-TE0 mole
Volume of solution = 2L (Given)

Molar Moles of solute OU585 O 0-0293 mol L-

concentrauonVolume of sol in L
= =
2L

0-0293 M
Q. 1.12. If the density of methanol is 0-793 kg L-, what is its volume needed for making 2-5 L of its 0-25 M
solution ?
Ans. Molar mass of methanol (CH,OH) = 32 g moll = 0032 kg mol

Molarty of the given solution =a = 24-78 mol L-1

Applying M, *V1
(Given solution)
=
M,V
(Solution to be prepared)
2478 x V = 025 x 25L

002522 L 2522 ml.

Or
V = =

surface. The S.l. unit of

Q. 1.13. Pressure is determined as force
per1 unit area of the pressure, pascal, is
Pa 1 Nm
=

If mass of air at sea level is 1034 g c m , calculate the pressure in pascal.

Ans. Pressure is the force (i.e., weight) acting per unit arca

But weight = mg

1034gx9-8 ms2
Pressure = weight per unit area
m-

1034 gx9-8 ms Ikg 100cm100 cm N y P a

1000g lm Im kgms INm
cm
= 1-01332 x 10 Pa
What is the S.I. unit of ? How is it defined ?
Q. 1.14. mass

Ans. S.I. unit of mass is kilogram (kg). For definition, refer to page l/12.
 Padeep s
New (XI) VO
Course chemistry (X)n
1/128
mulnp
with their
. 1.15. Match the following prefixes
Prelxes Multiplles
10
() micro
10
(ü) deca
10
mega
(iv) giga 10-15
femto 10
= 10°. giga = 10, femto
=
10
= 10, deca =
10, mega
ns. micro
Q.1.16. What do you mean
by significant figures
Ans. Refer to Art. 1.13, page 1/18.
severely contaminated
with chloroform, CH
CHG,
found to be mass).
water was
15 PPm (Dy
1.17. A sample of drinking The level of
contamination
was

Supposed to be carcinogen.

Express this in percent by

mass
) the water sample.
chloroform in
(u) Determine the molarity of
Ans. () 15 ppm means 15 parts in million (10) parts

10= 15 x 10 %
x100 = 15 x
% by mass=
10
of chloroform (CHCl)
= 12 + I +3 x 35:5 = l185 g mol
(i) Molar mass
1-5 x 108
contain chloroform
=

100 g
of the sample
1:5 x 10g = x10mole
* 118-65
contain chloroform
=
will
1000g (1 kg) of the sample = 1-266 x 1 0 mole

Molality 1-266 x
10 m.
in scientific notation:
Q. 1.18. Express the following (v) 6-0012
8008 (iv) 500-0
(0) O-0048 (i) 234, 000 (iüi) 10°
8-008 x 10° (iv) 5-000 x 10 (v) 6-0012 x
(i) 2:34 x 10 (ii)
Ans. () 4-8 x
10 ?
Q. 1.19. How many significant figures are present in the following
500-0 (vi) 2-0034
() 0-0025 () 208 (üi) 5005 (iv) 126,000 ()
Ans. ()2 (i) 3 (ti) 4 (iv) 3 (v)4 (vi) 5.
:
Round up upto three significant ngures
Q. 1.20.
() 34-216 ) 10-4107 (ii) 0-04597 (iv) 2808
2810 (For rules, see page 1/21)
Ans. () 34-2 (ii) 10-4 (ii) 0-0460 (iv)
The data were obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react together to form diferen
Q. 1.21. (a) following
compounds
Mass of dinitrogen Mass of dioxygen
14g 16 g
)
14 8 32 g
(ii)
28 g 32 g
(ii)
(iv) 28 g 80 g tement.

Which law of ehemical combination is obeyed by the above experimental data ? Give its sa

(6) Fill in the blanks in the following conversions:

()1 km =. mm = . pm (i) 1 mg= . . k g = . ng (ii) 1 mL =. L , . dm
nd 8
Ans. (a) Fixing the mass of dinitrogen as 28 g. masses of dioxygen combined will be 32. 64.5Hence,t Hence

the given four oxides. These are in the ratio 2: 4:2:5which is a simple whole number rau
I/32.
given data obey the law of multiple proportions. Definition-Refer to Ar. 1.19, Page
 1/129
sOME BASIc cONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

(b) I km = | km x 10O0m 100cm 10mnm 10 mm

Tkm Im Iem

1000 m pm 10 pm
km = I km x |km 10-12 m

(ii) I mg I mg*
jO00 mg 1000 g
1kg= 10- kg
gxg
mg=1 mg 1000 =106 ng
mg 10 8
(iin) I mLI mLx = 10L
1000 mL
Tdm xl dmxl dm
I ml 1 cm° I
10cmx 10cmx 10cm 10 dm
X
= =
cm
the distance covered by light in 2-00 ns.
Q. 1.22. If the speed of light is 3-0 x 10 m s, calculate
Time 3-0 10 s' x 2-00 ns
Ans. Distance covered =
Speed x = x m

3-0x 10° m s x 2-00 n sx 600 x 10 m = 0-600 m

Ins
if any, in the following mixtures
Q. 1.23. In the reaction, A +
B2 ABz, identify the limiting reagent,
(i) 2 mol A +3 mol B
) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules of B
5 mol A 25 molB ()25 mol A +5 mol B
(iüi) 100 atoms of A + 100 molecules of B (iv) +

Ans. () According to the given reaction, I atom of A reacts with I molecule of B.

Hence,
200 molecules of B will react with 200 atoms of A and 100 atoms of Awill be left unreacted.
BIs the limiting reagent while A IS the excess reagent.

the reaction, I mole of A reacts with I mole of B

(i) According to given
2 moles of A will react with 2 moles of B. Hence, A is the limiting reactant.

(ii) No limiting reagent.

(v) 2-5 moles of B will react with 2:5 moles of A. Hence, B is the limiting reagent.
(iv) 2.5 moles of A will react with 25 moles of A. Hence, B is the limiing reagent.

(v) 2.5 moles of A will react with 2.5 moles of B. Hence, A is the limiting reagent.
react with each other to produce ammonia according to the chemical
Q. 1.24. Dinitrogen and dihydrogen
equation :
N, (8)+3 H, (8)
2
NH, (g)
if 2-00 x 10 g dinitrogen reacts with 1-00 x 10 g
(i) Calculate the mass of ammonia produced
dihydrogen
reactants remain unreacted?
(ti) Will any of the two
and what would be its mass?
(ii) If yes, which one

6 g of
Ans. () I mole of N2. i.e, 28 g react with 3 moles of H2, i.e., H,

2000 g of N, will react with H, R

28
U0g =
428:6 g. Thus, N is the limiting reagent while H is

the excess reagent.

2 moles 34 8
N, produce NH,
= =

2 moles of N,, i.e., 28 g of

NH R34X 2000g 2428-57 g

=
2000 g ofN, will produce

will remain unreacted.

(ii) H2
(ii) Mass left unreacted
=
1000 g-428-6 g =5714 g
 Pradeeps New Course Chemistry (X)
1/130 vOL
diterent
1 . 2 5 . How a r e 0-50 mol Na,Co, and 0-50 M Na,CO,
Ans. Molar mass of Na,CO = 2 x 23+ 12 +3 x 16 = 106 g moi

0.50 x 106 g = 53 8
0-50 mol Na,CO, means
are present in l
litre of the solution.
0-50 mol, i.e., 53 g Na2COg
-S0 M
NaCOg means how many
volum
with five volumes dioxygen gas,
of lumes ot
L6. ten volumes
water vapour
of dihydrogen gas reacts
could be produced ?
2 H20 (g).
react according to the equation
2 H (g) +
O2 (g)
AnS.
H2
Thus, O2
and2 volumes of H2 react with I volume of O to produce 2 volumes o waer vapour. Hence
ur.

to produce 1o v o I u m e s of water vapour

vOlumes ot
H2 will react completely with 5
volumes
of O2
into basic unlis
Q. 1.27. Convert the following
() 28-7 pm (i) 15-15 s (ii) 25365 mg

28-7 pm 287 x 10" m

Ans. () 28-7 pm = x

(i) 15-15 HS= 15:15 Hsx O =1515 x 10s

Is
1 g kg = 2-5365 x 10 kg
(ii) 25365 mg =
25363 mg x
1000 mg 1000g
of atoms
of the following will have largest number
Q. 1.28. Which one

)1g Au (6) (i) 1 g Na (s) (ii) 1 g Li () (iv) 1g of Clh ®

(Atomic masses: Au =
197, Na =
23, Li =
7, Cl= 35-5 amu)
6-02 1023 atoms
Ans. () 1g Au = mol =197 x 6-02 x 102 atoms (i) 1 g Na =
mol =

x x

197

6-02 10 atoms
(tii) 1 g Li
=; mol =

;7 x x

x602 10 molecules x 6-02 x 1025 atoms

(iv) 1
g Cl2 = mol = 71 x

Thus, 1 g of Li has the largest number of atoms.

fraction of ethanol is 0-040.
solution of ethanol in water in which the mole
Q. 1.29. Calculate the molarity ofa
n (CH,OH) 0-040 (Given)
Ans.
cHOHn (CH,OH) +n (H,0)
in IL of the solution which is nearly = 1 L of water
The aim is to find number of moles of ethanol
(because solution is dilute)

No. of moles in 1 L of water =

18g moll
55-55 moles
Substituting n (H,0) = 55-55 in eqn (), we get

n (CH,OH) = 0-040 or 096 n (C>H,OH) = 5:55 x 0-040 or n (C,H,OH) = 231 mol

n (CH,OH)+5555
Hence, molarity of the solution =
2:31 M
Q. 1.30. What will be the mass of one "C atom in g?
Ans. I mol of 2C atoms = 6-022 x 10 atoms 12g
Thus, 6-022x 1023 atoms of C have mass 12 g

atom of '"C will 12

have mass= 28= 19927 x 10-2g
6-022x 10-
sOME BASIc CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTAY 1/131

?
Q. 1.31. How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the following calculations
0-02856x 298-15x0-112 0-0215
0) (i) 5 x 5:364 (ii) 0-0125 +0-7864 +

0-5785
Ans. (1) The least precise term has 3 significant figures (i.e., in 0-112). Hence, the answer should have 3

Significant figures.
Hence, the answer should
() Leaving the exact number (5), the second term has 4 significant figures.
have 4 significant figures.
in the is 4. Hence, the answer should
(tin) In the given addition, the least number of decimal places term

have 4 significant.
Q. 1.32. Use the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of naturally occurringargon
Isotope Isotopic molar mass Abundance
30 Ar
35-96755 g moll 0-337
38 Ar 37-96272 g mol 0-063
40 Ar 39-9624 g moll 99-600
Ans. Molar mass of Ar =
2Sj A
0-00337 x 35.96755 + 0-00063 x 37.96272 + 0:99600 x 39.96924
39-948 g
=
mo
Q. 1.33. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following:
() 52 moles of He (i) 52 u of He (üi) 52 g of He
Ans. (i) 1 mol of He = 6-022 x 1045 atoms
5 2 mol of He = 52 x 6-022 x 1045 atoms = 3-131 x 10 atoms
(i) 1 atom le = 4 u of He

4u ofHe= 1 atom of He
5 2 u of He = x52 atoms = 13 atoms

(ii) 1 mole of He = 4 g = 6-022 x 10 atoms

°022x103 x 52 atoms = 78286x 10* atoms

2 g of He
=

Q.1.34. A welding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a small sample of it in oxygen
gives 3-38 g carbon dioxide, 0-690 g of water and no other products. A volume of 10-0L (measured
at S.T.P.) of this welding gas is found to weigh 116 g Calculate (i) empirical formula (ü) molar
mass of thhe gas, and (üi) molecular formula.

Ans. Amount of carbon in 3-38 g CO2 = x 3-38 g = 0.9218 g

Amount of hydrogen in 0-690 g H,0R x0690 g= 00767 g

As compound contains only C and H, therefore, total mass of the compound

= 0.9218+0-0767 g = 09985 g

o of C in the compound = 0.9218

x100 =92-32
0.9985

o of H in the 0-0767 100

compound . o =768
0-9985
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