OS Environmental Science Level 6 - 024936

THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS
FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICIAN
LEVEL 6
TVET CDACC
P.O BOX 15745-00100
NAIROBI
First published 2019
Copyright TVET CDACC
All rights reserved. No part of this National occupational standards may be

reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods without the prior
written permission of the TVET CDACC, except in the case of brief quotations
embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by
copyright law. For permission requests, write to the Council Secretary/CEO, at the
address below:
Council Secretary/CEO
TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
P.O. Box 15745–00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Email: [email protected]
©TVET CDACC 2019 I

FOREWORD
The provision of quality education and training is fundamental to the Government’s
overall strategy for social economic development. Quality education and training will
contribute to achievement of Kenya’s development blueprint, Vision 2030 and
sustainable development goals.
Reforms in the education sector are necessary for the achievement of Kenya Vision
2030 and meeting the provisions of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. The education
sector had to be aligned to the Constitution of Kenya 2010 and this resulted to the
formulation of the Policy Framework for Reforming Education and Training. A key
feature of this policy is the radical change in the design and delivery of the TVET
training. This policy document requires that training in TVET be competency based,
curriculum development be industry led, certification be based on demonstration of
competence and mode of delivery allows for multiple entry and exit in TVET
programmes.
These reforms demand that Industry takes a leading role in curriculum development to
ensure the curriculum addresses its competence needs. It is against this background
that these Occupational Standards were developed for the purpose of developing a
competency-based curriculum for Environment. These Occupational Standards will
also be the bases for assessment of an individual for competence certification.
It is my conviction that these Occupational Standards will play a great role towards
development of competent human resource for the Environment sector’s growth and
sustainable development.
PRINCIPAL SECRETARY, VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL TRAINING

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
©TVET CDACC 2019 II

PREFACE
Kenya Vision 2030 aims to transform the country into a newly industrializing,
“middle-income country providing a high-quality life to all its citizens by the year
2030”. Kenya intends to create a globally competitive and adaptive human resource
base to meet the requirements of a rapidly industrializing economy through life-long
education and training. TVET has a responsibility of facilitating the process of
inculcating knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for catapulting the nation to a
globally competitive country, hence the paradigm shift to embrace Competency Based
Education and Training (CBET).
The Technical and Vocational Education and Training Act No. 29 of 2013 on
Reforming Education and Training in Kenya, emphasized the need to reform
curriculum development, assessment and certification. This called for a shift to CBET
in order to address the mismatch between skills acquired through training and skills
needed by industry as well as increase the global competitiveness of Kenyan labour
force.
The TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET

CDACC), in conjunction with Environment Sector Skills Advisory Committee
(SSAC) have developed these Occupational Standards for Environment. These
standards will be the bases for development of competency-based curriculum for
Environmental Science level 6.
The occupational standards are designed and organized with clear performance
criteria for each element of a unit of competency. These standards also outline the
required knowledge and skills as well as evidence guide.
I am grateful to the Council Members, Council Secretariat, Environment SSAC,

expert workers and all those who participated in the development of these
Occupational Standards.
Prof. CHARLES M. M. ONDIEKI, PhD, FIET (K), Con. EngTech.

CHAIRMAN, TVET CDACC
©TVET CDACC 2019 III

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
These Occupational Standards were developed through combined efforts of various
stakeholders from private and public organizations. I am thankful to the management
of the organizations for allowing their staff to participate in this course. I wish to
acknowledge the invaluable contribution of industry players who provided inputs
towards the development of these Standards.
I thank TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council

(TVET CDACC) for providing guidance on the development of these Standards. My
gratitude goes to Environment Sector Skills Advisory Committee (SSAC) members
for their contribution to the development of these Standards. I thank all the
individuals and organizations who participated in the validation of these Standards.
I acknowledge all other institutions which in one way or another contributed to the
development of these Standards.
CHAIRMAN
ENVIRONMENT SECTOR SKILLS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
©TVET CDACC 2019 IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE..............................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......................................................................................iv
ACRONYMS.........................................................................................................vi
KEY TO UNIT CODE.........................................................................................vii
Version control.....................................................................................................vii
OVERVIEW........................................................................................................viii
BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY....................................................................1
DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS.............................................2
DEMONSTRATE NUMERACY SKILLS..........................................................6
DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY........................................................13
DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP..........18
DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS..............................................29
DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
PRACTICES.........................................................................................................38
COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY...........................................................44
CONDUCT PROJECT RESEARCH.................................................................45
MANAGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING......................49
PERFORM RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT......................53
PERFORM ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY PRACTICES...................57
APPLY BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENT.......................................61
ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT.................................69
CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY...................................................................73
MONITOR AND ASSESS ECOLOGY............................................................73
CARRY OUT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES............76
APPLY PRINCIPLES OF PLANT AND ANIMAL TAXONOMY.................80
MANAGE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND WASTE.......................84
PERFORM ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES.....91
APPLY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS............................95
APPLY PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY...................98
APPLY PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS....................102
©TVET CDACC 2019 V

ACRONYMS
BC : Basic Competency
CDACC : Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
CPU : Central Processing Unit
CC : Common Competency
CR : Core Competency
ENV : Environment
SCI : Science
ICT : Information Communication Technology
KCPE : Kenya Certificate of Primary Education
KCSE : Kenya Certificate of secondary Education
KNQA : Kenya National Qualifications Authority
OS : Occupational Standards
OSHA : Occupation Safety and Health Act
OSHS : Occupation Safety and Health Standards
PC : Personal Computer
PPE : Personal Protective Equipment
SOPs : Standard Operating Procedures
SSAC : Sector Skills Advisory Committee
NEMA : National Environmental Management Authority
TVET : Technical and Vocational Education
©TVET CDACC 2019 VI

KEY TO UNIT CODE
ENV/ OS/ SCI/ BC /01 /6/A
Industry or sector
Curriculum
Occupational area
Type of Unit
Unit number
Competency level
Version control
©TVET CDACC 2019 VII

OVERVIEW
This course consists of competency required by an environmental technician to

monitor and assess ecology, carry out environmental analytical techniques, apply
principles of plant and animal taxonomy, manage environmental pollution and waste,
perform environmental microbiological techniques, apply environmental information
systems, apply principles of environmental toxicology, assess environmental impact
and apply principles of environmental economics
The units of competence in this course are as listed below:
BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY

UNIT OF COMPETENCY CODE UNIT OF COMPETENCY TITLE
ENV/OS/SCI/BC/01/6/A Demonstrate communication skills
ENV/OS/SCI/BC/02/6/A Demonstrate numeracy skills
ENV/OS/SCI/BC/03/6/A Demonstrate digital literacy
ENV/OS/SCI/BC/04/6/A Demonstrate entrepreneurial skills
ENV/OS/SCI/BC/05/6/A Demonstrate employability skills
ENV/OS/SCI/BC/06/6/A Demonstrate occupational safety and health
practices
COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY

ENV/OS/SCI/CC/01/6/A Conduct project research
ENV/OS/SCI/CC/02/6/A Manage climate change and global warming
ENV/OS/SCI/CC/03/6/A Perform resource planning and management
ENV/OS/SCI/CC/04/6/A Perform environmental laboratory practices
CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY

ENV/OS/SCI/CR/01/6/A Monitor and assess ecology
ENV/OS/SCI/CR/02/6/A Carry out environmental analytical
techniques
ENV/OS/SCI/CR/03/6/A Apply principles of plant and animal
taxonomy
ENV/OS/SCI/CR/04/6/A Manage environmental pollution and waste
ENV/OS/SCI/CR/05/6/A Perform environmental microbiological
techniques
ENV/OS/SCI/CR/06/6/A Apply environmental information systems.
ENV/OS/SCI/CR/07/6/A Apply principles of environmental
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toxicology
ENV/OS/SCI/CR/08/6/A Assess environmental impact
ENV/OS/SCI/CR/09/6/A Apply principles of environmental
economics
©TVET CDACC 2019 IX

BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY
DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS
UNIT CODE: ENV/OS/SCI/BC/01/6/A
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required in meeting communication needs of
clients and colleagues; developing, establishing, maintaining communication
pathways and strategies. It also covers competencies for conducting interview,
facilitating group discussion and representing the organization in various forums.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe These are assessable statements which specify the required
the key outcomes level of performance for each of the elements.
which make up Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
workplace
function
1. Meet 1.1 Specific communication needs of clients and colleagues are
communicatio identified and met
n needs of 1.2 Different approaches are used to meet communication
clients and needs of clients and colleagues
colleagues 1.3 Conflict is addressed promptly and in a timely way and in a
manner, which does not compromise the standing of the
organization
2. Develop 2.1 Strategies for effective internal and external dissemination
communicatio of information are developed to meet the organization’s
n strategies requirements
2.2 Special communication needs are considered in developing
strategies to avoid discrimination in the workplace
2.3 Communication strategies are analyzed, evaluated and
revised where necessary to make sure they are effective
3. Establish and 3.1 Pathways of communication are established to meet
maintain requirements of organization and workforce
communicatio 3.2 Pathways are maintained and reviewed to ensure personnel
n pathways are informed of relevant information
4. Promote use 4.1 Information is provided to all areas of the organization to
of facilitate implementation of the strategy
communicatio 4.2 Effective communication techniques are articulated and
n strategies modelled to the workforce
4.3 Personnel are given guidance about adapting
communication strategies to suit a range of contexts
5. Conduct 5.1 A range of appropriate communication strategies are
interview employed in interview situations
©TVET CDACC 2019 2

5.2 Records of interviews are made and maintained in
accordance with organizational procedures
5.3 Effective questioning, listening and nonverbal
communication techniques are used to ensure that required
message is communicated
6. Facilitate 6.1 Mechanisms which enhance effective group interaction
group is defined and implemented
discussion 6.2 Strategies which encourage all group members to
participate are used routinely
6.3 Objectives and agenda for meetings and discussions are
routinely set and followed
6.4 Relevant information is provided to group to facilitate
outcomes
6.5 Evaluation of group communication strategies is
undertaken to promote participation of all parties
6.6 Specific communication needs of individuals are
identified and addressed
7. Represent the 7.1 When participating in internal or external forums,
organization presentation is relevant, appropriately researched and presented
in a manner to promote the organization
7.2 Presentation is clear and sequential and delivered within a
predetermined time
7.3 Appropriate media is utilized to enhance presentation
7.4 Differences in views are respected
7.5 Written communication is consistent with organizational
standards
7.6 Inquiries are responded in a manner consistent with
organizational standard
RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
performance.
Variable Range
Communication strategies  Language switch
include but not limited to:  Comprehension check
 Repetition
 Asking confirmation
 Paraphrase
 Clarification request
©TVET CDACC 2019 3

 Translation
 Restructuring
 Approximation
 Generalization
Effective group  Identifying and evaluating what is occurring
interaction includes but within an interaction in a nonjudgmental way
not limited to:  Using active listening
 Making decision about appropriate words,
behavior
 Putting together response which is culturally
appropriate
 Expressing an individual perspective
 Expressing own philosophy, ideology and
background and exploring impact with relevance
to communication
Situations include but not  Establishing rapport
limited to:  Eliciting facts and information
 Facilitating resolution of issues
 Developing action plans
 Diffusing potentially difficult situations
REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.
Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Effective communication
 Active listening
 Giving/receiving feedback
 Interpretation of information
 Role boundaries setting
 Negotiation
 Establishing empathy
 Openness and flexibility in communication
 Communication skills required to fulfill job roles as specified by the
organization
 Writing communications strategy
 Applying key elements of communications strategy
Required Knowledge
©TVET CDACC 2019 4

The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Communication process
 Dynamics of groups and different styles of group leadership
 Communication skills relevant to client groups
 Flexibility in communication
 Communication skills relevant to client groups
Key elements of communications strategy
EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.
1. Critical aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of 1.1 Developed communication strategies to meet the
Competency organization requirements and applied in the
workplace
1.2 Established and maintained communication pathways
for effective communication in the workplace
1.3 Used communication strategies involving exchanges
of complex oral information
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications
4. 1Access to relevant workplace or appropriately
simulated environment where assessment can take
place
4. 2Materials relevant to the proposed activity or tasks
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment
3.1 Direct Observation/Demonstration with Oral
Questioning
3.2 Written Examination
4. Context of Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
Assessment workplace or through accredited institution
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
information industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for
assessment
©TVET CDACC 2019 5

DEMONSTRATE NUMERACY SKILLS
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required by a worker in order to apply a wide
range of mathematical calculations for work; apply ratios, rates and proportions to
solve problems; estimate, measure and calculate measurement for work; Use detailed
maps to plan travel routes for work; Use geometry to draw and construct 2D and 3D
shapes for work; Collect, organize and interpret statistical data; Use routine formula
and algebraic expressions for work and use common functions of a scientific
calculator

These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make required level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
1. Apply a wide range 1.1 Mathematical information embedded in a range of
of mathematical workplace tasks and texts is extracted
calculations for 1.2 Mathematical information is interpreted and
work comprehended
1.3 A range of mathematical and problem solving
processes are select and used
1.4 Different forms of fractions, decimals and
percentages are flexibly used
1.5 Calculation performed with positive and negative
numbers
1.6 Numbers are expressed as powers and roots and are
used in calculations
1.7 Calculations done using routine formulas
1.8 Estimation and assessment processes are used to
check outcome
1.9 Mathematical language is used to discuss and
explain the processes, results and implications of the
task
2. Use and apply 2.1 Information regarding ratios, rates and proportions
ratios, rates and
©TVET CDACC 2019 6

proportions for extracted from a range of workplace tasks and texts
work 2.2 Mathematical information related to ratios, rate and
proportions is analyzed
2.3 Problem solving processes are used to undertake
the task
2.4 Equivalent ratios and rates are simplified
2.5 Quantities are calculated using ratios, rates and
proportions
2.6 Graphs, charts or tables are constructed to represent
ratios, rates and proportions
2.6 The outcomes reviewed and checked
2.7 Information is record using mathematical language
and symbols
3. Estimate, measure 3.1 Measurement information embedded in workplace

and calculate texts and tasks are extracted and interpreted
measurement for 3.2 Appropriate workplace measuring equipment are
work identified and selected
3.3 Accurate measurements are estimate and made
3.4 The area of 2D shapes including compound shapes
are calculated
3.5 The volume of 3D shapes is calculated using relevant
formulas
3.6 Sides of right angled triangles are calculated using
Pythagoras’ theorem
3.7 conversions are perform between units of
measurement
3.8 Problem solving processes are used to undertake the
task
3.9 The measurement outcomes are reviewed and
checked
3.10 Information is recorded using mathematical
language and symbols appropriate for the task
4. Use detailed maps to 4.1 Different types of maps are identified and
plan travel routes interpreted
for work 4.2 Key features of maps are identified
4.3 Scales are identified and interpreted
4.4 Scales are applied to calculate actual distances
4.5 Positions or locations are determined using
directional information
©TVET CDACC 2019 7

4.6 Routes are planned by determining directions and
calculating distances, speeds and times
4.7 Information is gathered and identified and relevant
factors related to planning a route checked
4.8 Relevant equipment is select and checked for
accuracy and operational effectiveness
4.9 Task is planned and recorded using specialized
mathematical language and symbols appropriate for the
task
5. Use geometry to 5.1 A range of 2D shapes and 3D shapes and their uses
draw 2D shapes and in work contexts is identified
construct 3D shapes 5.2 Features of 2D and 3D shapes are named and
for work described
5.3 Types of angles in 2D and 3D shapes are identified
5.4 Angles are drawn, estimated and measured using
geometric instruments
5.5 Angle properties of 2D shapes are named and
identified
5.6 Angle properties are used to evaluate unknown
angles in shapes
5.7 Properties of perpendicular and parallel lines are
applied to shapes
5.8 Understanding and use of symmetry is
demonstrated
5.9 Understanding and use of similarity is demonstrated
5.10 The workplace tasks and mathematical processes
required are identified
5.11 2D shapes is drawn for work
5.12 3D shapes is constructed for work
5.13 The outcomes are reviewed and checked
5.14 Specialized mathematical language and symbols
appropriate for the task are used
6. Collect, organize, 6.1 Workplace issue requiring investigation are

and interpret identified
statistical data for 6.2 Audience / population / sample unit is determined
work 6.3 Data to be collected is identified
6.4 Data collection method is selected
6.5 Appropriate statistical data is collected and
©TVET CDACC 2019 8

organized
6.6 Data is illustrated in appropriate formats
6.7 The effectiveness of different types of graphs are
compared
6.8 The summary statistics for collected data is
calculated
6.9 The results / findings are interpreted
6.10 Data is checked to ensure that it meets the
expected results and content
6.11 Information from the results including tables,
graphs and summary statistics is extracted and
interpreted
6.12 Mathematical language and symbols are used to
report results of investigation
7. Use routine formula 7.1 Understanding of informal and symbolic notation,

and algebraic representation and conventions of algebraic expressions
expressions for is demonstrated
work 7.2 Simple algebraic expressions and equations are
developed
7.3 Operate on algebraic expressions
7.4 Algebraic expressions are simplified
7.5 Substitution into simple routine equations is done
7.6 Routine formulas used for work tasks are identified
and comprehended
7.7 Routine formulas are evaluate by substitution
7.8 Routine formulas transposed
7.9 Appropriate formulas are identified and used for
work related tasks
7.10Outcomes are checked and result of calculation
used
8. Use common 8.1 Required numerical information to perform tasks is

functions of a located
scientific calculator 8.2 The order of operations and function keys necessary
for work to solve mathematical calculation are determined
8.3 Function keys on a scientific calculator are identified
and used
8.4 Estimations are referred to check reasonableness of
problem solving process
8.5 Appropriate mathematical language, symbols and
©TVET CDACC 2019 9

conventions are used to report results
RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.
Variable Range
1. Geometry May include but not limited to:
2.1 Scale drawing
2.2 Triangles
2.3 Simple solid
2.4 Round
2.5 Square
2.6 Rectangular
2.7 Triangle
2.8 Sphere
2.9 Cylinder
2.10 Cube
2.11 Polygons
2.12 Cuboids

Required Skills
 Applying Fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, division,
multiplication)
 Using calculator
 Using different measuring tools
Required knowledge
 Types of common shapes
 Differentiation between two dimensional shapes / objects
 Formulae for calculating area and volume
 Types and purpose of measuring instruments
©TVET CDACC 2019 10

 Units of measurement and abbreviations
 Fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication)
 Rounding techniques
 Types of fractions
 Different types of tables and graphs
 Meaning of graphs, such as increasing, decreasing, and constant value
 Preparation of basic data, tables & graphs
EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Performed calculations with positive and negative
numbers
1.2 Used numbers expressed as powers and roots in
calculations
1.3 Simplified ratios and rates
1.4 Constructed graphs, charts or tables to represent ratios,
rates and proportions
1.5 Calculate the volume of 3D shapes using relevant
formulas
1.6 Calculated sides of right-angle triangles using
Pythagoras’ theorem
1.7 Applied scales in calculation of actual distances
1.8 Planned routes by determining directions, distance
calculation, speeds and time.
1.9 Identified types of angles in 2D and 3D shapes
1.10 Used angle properties in evaluating unknown angles
1.11 Applied properties of perpendicular and parallel
lines in shapes construction.
1.12 Collected and organized appropriate statistical data
1.13 Collected and organized appropriate statistical data
1.14 Identified and used appropriate formulas for work
related tasks
1.15 Identified and used function keys on a scientific
calculator
Implications 2.2 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
environment where assessment can take place
2.3 Materials relevant to the proposed activity or tasks

Assessment 3.3 Direct Observation
3.4 Demonstration with Oral Questioning
3.5 Written Examination
4. Context of Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
Assessment workplace or
through accredited institution
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment
DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to effectively use digital devices such as
smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop PCs. It entails identifying and using digital
devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop PCs for purposes of
communication, work performance and management at the work place.
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace
function Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Identify 1.1 Concepts of ICT are determined in accordance with

appropriate computer equipment
computer 1.2 Classifications of computers are determined in
software and accordance with manufacturers specification
hardware 1.3 Appropriate computer software is identified according
to manufacturer’s specification
1.4 Appropriate computer hardware is identified according
to manufacturer’s specification
1.5 Functions and commands of operating system are
determined in accordance with manufacturer’s
specification
2. Apply security 2.1 Data security and privacy are classified in accordance
measures to with the prevailing technology
data, hardware, 2.2 Security threats reidentified and control measures are

software in applied in accordance with laws governing protection of
automated ICT
environment 2.3 Computer threats and crimes are detected.
2.4 Protection against computer crimes is undertaken in
accordance with laws governing protection of ICT
3. Apply 3.1 Word processing concepts are applied in resolving
computer workplace tasks, report writing and documentation
software in 3.2 Word processing utilities are applied in accordance
solving tasks with workplace procedures
3.3 Worksheet layout is prepared in accordance with work
procedures
3.4 Worksheet is build and data manipulated in the
worksheet in accordance with workplace procedures
3.5 Continuous data manipulated on worksheet is
undertaken in accordance with work requirements
3.6 Database design and manipulation is undertaken in
accordance with office procedures
3.7 Data sorting, indexing, storage, retrieval and security is
provided in accordance with workplace procedures
4. Apply internet 4.1 Electronic mail addresses are opened and applied in
and email in workplace communication in accordance with office
communication policy
at workplace 4.2 Office internet functions are defined and executed in
accordance with office procedures
4.3 Network configuration is determined in accordance
with office operations procedures
4.4 Official World Wide Web is installed and managed
according to workplace procedures
5. Apply Desktop 5.1 Desktop publishing functions and tools are identified in
publishing in accordance with manufactures specifications
official 5.2 Desktop publishing tools are developed in accordance
assignments with work requirements
5.3 Desktop publishing tools are applied in accordance with
workplace requirements
5.4 Typeset work is enhanced in accordance with workplace
standards
6. Prepare 6.1 Types of presentation packages are identified in
presentation accordance with office requirements
packages 6.2 Slides are created and formulated in accordance with
workplace procedures
6.3 Slides are edited and run in accordance with work
procedures
6.4 Slides and handouts are printed according to work

requirements
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
Appropriate computer A collection of instructions or computer tools that
software may include but enable the user to interact with a computer, its
not limited to: hardware, or perform tasks.
Appropriate computer Collection of physical parts of a computer system such

hardware may include as;
but not limited to:  Computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse
 All the parts inside the computer case, such as the
hard disk drive, motherboard and video card
Data security and  Confidentiality of data
privacy may include but  Cloud computing
not limited to:  Integrity -but-curious data surfing
Security and control  Counter measures against cyber terrorism
measures may include  Risk reduction
but not limited to:  Cyber threat issues
 Risk management
 Pass-wording
Security threats may  Cyber terrorism
include but not limited  Hacking
to:
Word processing Using a special program to create, edit and print
concepts may include documents
but not limited to:
Network configuration Organizing and maintaining information on the
may include but not components of a computer network
limited to:

Required Skills

 Analytical skills
 Interpretation
 Typing
 Communication
 Computing (applying fundamental operations such as addition, subtraction,
division and multiplication)
 Using calculator
 Basic ICT skills
Required Knowledge
 Software concept
 Functions of computer software and hardware
 Data security and privacy
 Computer security threats and control measures
 Technology underlying cyber-attacks and networks
 Cyber terrorism
 Computer crimes
 Detection and protection of computer crimes
 Laws governing protection of ICT
 Word processing;
 Functions and concepts of word processing.
 Documents and tables creation and manipulations
 Mail merging
 Word processing utilities
 Spread sheets;
 Meaning, formulae, function and charts, uses and layout
 Data formulation, manipulation and application to cells

 Database;
 Database design, data manipulation, sorting, indexing,
storage retrieval and security
 Desktop publishing;
 Designing and developing desktop publishing tools
 Manipulation of desktop publishing tools
 Enhancement of typeset work and printing documents
 Presentation Packages;
 Types of presentation Packages
 Creating, formulating, running, editing, printing and
presenting slides and handouts
 Networking and Internet;

 Computer networking and internet.
 Electronic mail and world wide web
 Emerging trends and issues in ICT;
 Identify and integrate emerging trends and issues in
ICT
 Challenges posed by emerging trends and issues
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Aspects of 1.1 Identified and controlled security threats
Competency 1.2 Detected and protected computer crimes
1.3 Applied word processing in office tasks
1.4 Designed, prepared work sheet and applied data to the
cells in accordance to workplace procedures
1.5 Opened electronic mail for office communication as per
workplace procedure
1.6 Installed internet and World Wide Web for office tasks
in accordance with office procedures
1.7 Integrated emerging issues in computer ICT
applications
1.8 Applied laws governing protection of ICT
2. Resource 2.1 Tablets
Implications 1.1 Laptops and
2.2 Desktop PCs
2.3 Desktop computer
2.4 Lap top
2.5 Calculator
2.6 Internet
2.7 Smart phone
2.8 Operations Manuals
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Written Test

3.2 Demonstration
3.3 Practical assignment
3.4 Interview/Oral Questioning
3.5 Demonstration
4. Context of Competency may be assessed in an off and on the job
Assessment setting
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for
assessment

DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
UNIT CODE : ENV/OS/SCI/BC/04/6/A
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to demonstrate understanding of

entrepreneurship. It involves demonstrating understanding of an entrepreneur,
entrepreneurship and self-employment. It also involves identifying entrepreneurship
opportunities, creating entrepreneurial awareness, applying entrepreneurial motivation
and developing business innovative strategies.

1. Demonstrate understanding 1.1 Entrepreneurs and Business persons are
of an Entrepreneur distinguished as per principles of
entrepreneurship
1.2 Types of entrepreneurs are identified as per
principles of entrepreneurship
1.3 Ways of becoming an Entrepreneur are
identified as per principles of Entrepreneurship
1.4 Characteristics of Entrepreneurs are identified
as per principles of Entrepreneurship
1.5 Factors affecting Entrepreneurship development
are explored as per principles of
Entrepreneurship
2. Demonstrate understanding 2.1 Entrepreneurship and self-employment are
of Entrepreneurship and self- distinguished as per principles of
employment entrepreneurship
2.2 Importance of self-employment is analysed
based on business procedures and strategies
2.3 Requirements for entry into self-employment
are identified according to business procedures
and strategies
2.4 Role of an Entrepreneur in business is
determined according to business procedures
and strategies
2.5 Contributions of Entrepreneurs to National
development are identified as per business
procedures and strategies

2.6 Entrepreneurship culture in Kenya is explored
as per business procedures and strategies
2.7 Born or made Entrepreneurs are distinguished
as per entrepreneurial traits
3. Identify Entrepreneurship 3.1 Sources of business ideas are identified as per
opportunities business procedures and strategies
3.2 Business ideas and opportunities are generated
as per business procedures and strategies
3.3 Business life cycle is analysed as per business
3.4 Legal aspects of business are identified as per
3.5 Product demand is assessed as per market
strategies
3.6 Types of business environment are identified
and evaluated as per business procedures
3.7 Factors to consider when evaluating business
environment are explored based on business
procedure and strategies
3.8 Technology in business is incorporated as per
best practice
4. Create entrepreneurial 4.1 Forms of businesses are explored as per

awareness business procedures and strategies
4.2 Sources of business finance are identified as
per business procedures and strategies
4.3 Factors in selecting source of business finance
are identified as per business procedures and
strategies
4.4 Governing policies on Small Scale Enterprises
(SSEs) are determined as per business
4.5 Problems of starting and operating SSEs are
explored as per business procedures and
strategies
5. Apply entrepreneurial 5.1 Internal and external motivation factors are

motivation determined in accordance with motivational
theories
5.2 Self-assessment is carried out as per
entrepreneurial orientation

5.3 Effective communications are carried out in
accordance with communication principles
5.4 Entrepreneurial motivation is applied as per
motivational theories
6. Develop innovative business 6.1 Business innovation strategies are determined

strategies in accordance with the organization strategies
6.2 Creativity in business development is

demonstrated in accordance with
business strategies
6.3 Innovative business strategies are

developed as per business principles
6.4 Linkages with other entrepreneurs are

created as per best practice
6.5 ICT is incorporated in business growth

and development as per best practice
7. Develop Business Plan 7.1 Identified Business is described as per business

7.2 Marketing plan is developed as per business
plan format
7.3 Organizational/Management plan is prepared
in accordance with business plan format
7.4 Production/operation plan in accordance with
business plan format
7.5 Financial plan is prepared in accordance with
the business plan format
7.6 Executive summary is prepared in accordance
with business plan format
7.7 Business plan is presented as per best practice
RANGE

performance.
Variable Range
include but not limited to:
1. Types of entrepreneurs but not 1.1 Innovators
limited to: 1.2 Imitators
1.3 Craft
1.4 Opportunistic
1.5 Speculators
2. Principles of Entrepreneurship 2.1 Visionary
but not limited to: 2.2 Solution provider
2.3 Accountability
2.4 Growth and marketing
2.5 Resilient
2.6 Tenacious
3. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs 3.1 Creative

include but not limited to: 3.2 Innovative
3.3 Planner
3.4 Risk taker
3.5 Networker
3.6 Confident
3.7 Flexible
3.8 Persistent
3.9 Patient
3.10 Independent
3.11 Future oriented
3.12 Goal oriented
4. Requirements for entry into self- 4.1 Technical skills

employment 4.2 Management skills
4.3 Entrepreneurial skills
4.4 Resources
4.5 Infrastructure
5. Internal motivation include but 5.1 Interest

not limited to: 5.2 Passion
5.3 Freedom
5.4 Prestige

Variable Range
1.3 Craft
1.4 Opportunistic
1.5 Speculators
2.3 Accountability
2.5 Resilient
2.6 Tenacious

3.3 Planner
3.4 Risk taker
3.5 Networker
3.6 Confident
3.7 Flexible
3.8 Persistent
3.9 Patient
3.10 Independent
3.12 Goal oriented

4.4 Resources
4.5 Infrastructure
6. Business environment 6.1 External

6.2 Internal
6.3 Intermediate
7. Forms of businesses 7.1 Sole proprietorship

Variable Range
1.3 Craft
1.4 Opportunistic
1.5 Speculators
2.3 Accountability
2.5 Resilient
2.6 Tenacious

3.3 Planner
3.4 Risk taker
3.5 Networker
3.6 Confident
3.7 Flexible
3.8 Persistent
3.9 Patient
3.10 Independent
3.12 Goal oriented

4.4 Resources
4.5 Infrastructure
7.2 Partnership
7.3 Limited companies
7.4 Cooperatives
8. Governing policies 8.1 Increasing scope for finance

8.2 Promoting cooperation between
entrepreneurs and private sector

Variable Range
1.3 Craft
1.4 Opportunistic
1.5 Speculators
2.3 Accountability
2.5 Resilient
2.6 Tenacious

3.3 Planner
3.4 Risk taker
3.5 Networker
3.6 Confident
3.7 Flexible
3.8 Persistent
3.9 Patient
3.10 Independent
3.12 Goal oriented

4.4 Resources
4.5 Infrastructure
8.3 Reducing regulatory burden on

entrepreneurs
8.4 Developing IT tools for
entrepreneurs
9. External motivation include but 9.1 Rewards

not limited to: 9.2 Punishment

Variable Range
1.3 Craft
1.4 Opportunistic
1.5 Speculators
2.3 Accountability
2.5 Resilient
2.6 Tenacious

3.3 Planner
3.4 Risk taker
3.5 Networker
3.6 Confident
3.7 Flexible
3.8 Persistent
3.9 Patient
3.10 Independent
3.12 Goal oriented

4.4 Resources
4.5 Infrastructure
9.3 Enabling environment

9.4 Government policies
10. Entrepreneurial orientation 10.1 Passion

include but not limited to: 10.2 Interest

Variable Range
1.3 Craft
1.4 Opportunistic
1.5 Speculators
2.3 Accountability
2.5 Resilient
2.6 Tenacious

3.3 Planner
3.4 Risk taker
3.5 Networker
3.6 Confident
3.7 Flexible
3.8 Persistent
3.9 Patient
3.10 Independent
3.12 Goal oriented

4.4 Resources
4.5 Infrastructure
10.3 Hobbies
10.4 Skills
11. Innovative business strategies 11.1 New products

include but not limited to: 11.2 New methods of production
11.3 New markets
11.4 New sources of supplies

Variable Range
1.3 Craft
1.4 Opportunistic
1.5 Speculators
2.3 Accountability
2.5 Resilient
2.6 Tenacious

3.3 Planner
3.4 Risk taker
3.5 Networker
3.6 Confident
3.7 Flexible
3.8 Persistent
3.9 Patient
3.10 Independent
3.12 Goal oriented

4.4 Resources
4.5 Infrastructure
11.5 Change in industrialization
12. Communication principles 12.1 Feed back

include but not limited to: 12.2 Attention
12.3 Clarity
12.4 Timeliness
12.5 Adequacy

Variable Range
1.3 Craft
1.4 Opportunistic
1.5 Speculators
2.3 Accountability
2.5 Resilient
2.6 Tenacious

3.3 Planner
3.4 Risk taker
3.5 Networker
3.6 Confident
3.7 Flexible
3.8 Persistent
3.9 Patient
3.10 Independent
3.12 Goal oriented

4.4 Resources
4.5 Infrastructure
12.6 Consistency
12.7 Informality
13. Motivational theories include but 13.1 Marslows theory

not limited to: 13.2 McClelland theory
13.3 Fredrick Tylors theory

Required Skills
 Assessing a range of alternative products and strategies
 Critically analyzing information, summarizing and making sense of previous and
current market trends
 Identifying changing consumer preferences and demographics
 Thinking “outside the box”
 Ensuring quality consistency
 Reducing lead time to product/service delivery
 Management
 Using formal problem-solving procedures, e. g., root-cause analysis, six sigmas
 Communication
 Applying motivational principles, e. g., positive stroking, behavior modification
 Assessing range of alternatives rather than choosing the easiest option
 Achieving ownership and credibility for the enterprise vision
 Critically analyzing information, summarizing and making sense of previous and
current market trends
 Developing solutions and practical strategies which are “outside the box”
Required Knowledge
 Entrepreneurial competencies
 Decision making
 Business communication
 Change management
 Coping with competition
 Risk taking
 Net working
 Time management
 Leadership
 Factors affecting entrepreneurship development
 Principles of Entrepreneurship
 Features and benefits of common operational practices, e. g., continuous
improvement (kaizen), waste elimination,
 Conflict resolution
 Health, safety and environment (HSE) principles and requirements
 Customer care strategies

 Basic financial management
 Business strategic planning
 Impact of change on individuals, groups and industries
 Government and regulatory processes
 Local and international market trends
 Product promotion strategies
 Market and feasibility studies
 Government and regulatory processes
 Local and international business environment
 Concepts of change management
 Relevant developments in other industries
 Regional/ County business expansion strategies
 Innovation in business
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of Competency 1.1 Distinguished entrepreneurs and business persons
correctly
1.2 Identified ways of becoming an entrepreneur
appropriately
1.3 Explored factors affecting entrepreneurship development
appropriately
1.4 Analysed importance of self-employment accurately
1.5 Identified requirements for entry into self-employment
correctly
1.6 Identified sources of business ideas correctly
1.7 Generated Business ideas and opportunities correctly
1.8 Analysed business life cycle accurately
1.9 Identified legal aspects of business correctly
1.10 Assessed product demand accurately
1.11 Determined Internal and external motivation factors
appropriately
1.12 Carried out communications effectively
1.13 Identified sources of business finance correctly
1.14 Determined Governing policy on small scale enterprise
appropriately
1.15 Explored problems of starting and operating SSEs
effectively
1.16 Developed Marketing, Organizational/Management,

Production/Operation and Financial plans correctly
1.17 Prepared executive summary correctly
1.18 Determined business innovative strategies
appropriately
1.19 Presented business plan effectively
Implications 2.1 Check list
2.2 Research tools (Questionnaire, interview guide,
observation schedule)
2.3 Materials, tools, equipment and machines relevant
3. Methods of 3.1 Written tests

Assessment 3.2 Observation
3.3 Oral questions
3.4 Third party report
3.5 Interviews
3.6 Case problems
3.7 Portfolio
4. Context of 4.1 Competency may be assessed in workplace or in a

Assessment simulated workplace setting
4.2 Assessment shall be observed while tasks are being
undertaken whether individually or in-group
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
UNIT DESCRIPTON
This unit covers competencies required to demonstrate employability skills. It
involves conducting self-management, demonstrating interpersonal communication,
critical safe work habits, leading a workplace team, planning and organizing work,
maintaining professional growth and development, demonstrating workplace learning,
problem solving skills and managing ethical performance.
outcomes which make required level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function.
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Conduct self- 1.1 Personal vision, mission and goals are formulated
management based on potential and in relation to organization
objectives
1.2 Emotions are managed as per workplace
requirements
1.3 Individual performance is evaluated and monitored
according to the agreed targets.
1.4 Assertiveness is developed and maintained based
on the requirements of the job.
1.5 Accountability and responsibility for own actions
are demonstrated.
1.6 Self-esteem and a positive self-image are
developed and maintained.
1.7 Time management, attendance and punctuality are
observed as per the organization policy.
1.8 Goals are managed as per the organization’s
objective
1.9 Self-strengths and weaknesses are identified as per
personal objectives
1.10 Critics are managed as per personal objectives
2. Demonstrate 2.1 Listening and understanding is demonstrated as per
interpersonal communication policy

communication 2.2 Writing to the needs of the audience is
demonstrated as per communication policy
2.3 Speaking, reading and writing is demonstrated as per
2.4 Negotiation skills are demonstrated as per
2.5 Empathizing is demonstrated as per the
2.6 Numeracy is applied as per the communication
policy
2.7 Internal and external customers’ needs are identified
and interpreted as per the communication policy
2.8 Persuasion is demonstrated as per the
2.9 Communication nnetworks are established as per
the SOPs
2.10 Information is shared as per communication
structure
3. Demonstrate 3.1 Stress is managed in accordance with workplace
critical safe work procedures.
habits 3.2 Punctuality and time consciousness is demonstrated
in line with workplace policy.
3.3 Personal objectives are integrated with organization
goals based on organization’s strategic plan.
3.4 Resources are utilized in accordance with workplace
policy.
3.5 Work priorities are set in accordance to workplace
procedures.
3.6 Leisure time is recognized in line with organization
policy.
3.7 Abstinence from drug and substance abuse is
observed as per workplace policy.
3.8 Awareness of HIV and AIDS is demonstrated in line
with workplace requirements.
3.9 Safety consciousness is demonstrated in the
workplace based on organization safety policy.
3.10Emerging issues are dealt with in accordance with
organization policy.
4. Lead a workplace 4.1 Performance expectations for the team are set
team 4.2 Duties and responsibilities are assigned in

accordance with the organization policy.
4.3 Team parameters and relationships are identified
according to set rules and regulations.
4.4 Forms of communication in a team are established
according to office policy.
4.5 Communication is carried out as per workplace place
policy and requirements of the job.
4.6 Team performance is supervised
4.7 Feedback on performance is collected and analyzed
based on established team learning process
4.8 Conflicts are resolved between team members in line
with organization rules and regulations.
4.9 Gender mainstreaming is undertaken in accordance
with set regulations.
4.10 Human rights are adhered to in accordance with
existing protocol.
4.11 Healthy relationships are developed and
maintained for harmonious co-existence in line with
workplace.
5. Plan and organize 5.1 Task requirements are identified as per the
work workplace objectives
5.2 Task is interpreted in accordance with safety (OHS ),
environmental requirements and quality
requirements
5.3 Work activity is organized with other involved
personnel as per the SOPs
5.4 Resources are mobilized, allocated and utilized to
meet project goals and deliverables.
5.5 Work activities are monitored and evaluated in line
with organization procedures.
5.6 Job planning is documented in accordance with
workplace requirements.
5.7 Planning and organizing of work activities is
reviewed as per the workplace requirements
5.8 Time is managed achieve workplace set goals and
objectives.
6. Maintain 6.1 Personal training needs are identified and assessed in
professional line with the requirements of the job.
growth and 6.2 Training and career opportunities are identified and
development availed based on job requirements.
6.3 Resources for training are mobilized and allocated

based organizations skills needs.
6.4 Licensees and certifications relevant to job and
career are obtained and renewed.
6.5 Personal growth is pursued towards improving the
qualifications set for the profession.
6.6 Work priorities and commitments are managed
based on requirement of the job and workplace
policy.
6.7 Recognitions are sought as proof of career
advancement in line with professional requirements.
7. Demonstrate 7.1 Own learning is managed as per workplace policy.
workplace 7.2 Learning opportunities are sought and allocated based
learning on job requirement and in line with organization
policy.
7.3 Contribution to the learning community at the
workplace is carried out.
7.4 Range of media for learning are established as per
the training need
7.5 Application of learning is demonstrated in both
technical and non-technical aspects based on
requirements of the job
7.6 Enthusiasm for ongoing learning is demonstrated
7.7 Time and effort is invested in learning new skills-
based job requirements
7.8 Willingness to learn in different context is
demonstrated based on available learning
opportunities arising in the workplace.
7.9 Awareness of Occupational Health and Safety
procedures are demonstrated in use of technology in
the workplace.
7.10 Initiative is taken to create more effective and
efficient processes and procedures in line with
workplace policy.
7.11 New systems are developed and maintained in
accordance with the requirements of the job.
7.12 Opportunities that are not obvious are identified
and exploited in line with organization objectives.
7.13 Opportunities for performance improvement are
identified proactively in area of work.
7.14 Awareness of personal role in workplace
innovation is demonstrated.
8. Demonstrate 8.1 Creative, innovative and practical solutions are
problem solving developed based on the problem

skills 8.2 Independence and initiative in identifying and solving
problems is demonstrated.
8.3 Team problems are solved as per the workplace
guidelines
8.4 Problem solving strategies are applied as per the
workplace guidelines
8.5 Problems are analyzed and assumptions tested as per
the context of data and circumstances
9. Manage 9.1 Policies and guidelines are observed as per the
workplace ethics workplace requirements
9.2 Self-worth and profession is exercised in line with
personal goals and organizational policies
9.3 Code of conduct is observed as per the workplace
requirements
9.4 Personal and professional integrity is demonstrated as
per the personal goals
9.5 Commitment to jurisdictional laws is demonstrated as
per the workplace requirements
RANGE
performance.
Range Variable
Drug and substance abuse Commonly abused

include but not limited to:  Alcohol
 Tobacco
 Miraa
 Over-the-counter drugs
 Cocaine
 Bhang
 Glue
Feedback includes but not  Verbal
limited to:  Written
 Informal
 Formal

Relationships includes but not  Man/Woman
limited to:  Trainer/trainee
 Employee/employer
 Client/service provider
 Husband/wife
 Boy/girl
 Parent/child
 Sibling relationships
Forms of communication  Written
include but not limited to:  Visual
 Verbal
 Non verbal
 Formal and informal
Team includes but not limited to:  Small work group
 Staff in a section/department
 Inter-agency group
Personal growth includes but not  Growth in the job
limited to:  Career mobility
 Gains and exposure the job gives
 Net workings
 Benefits that accrue to the individual as
a result of noteworthy performance
Personal objectives include but  Long term
not limited to:  Short term
 Broad
 Specific
Trainings and career  Participation in training programs
opportunities includes but not o Technical
limited to o Supervisory
o Managerial
o Continuing Education
 Serving as Resource Persons in
conferences and workshops
Resource include but not limited  Human
to:  Financial
 Technology
o Hardware
o Software
Innovation include but not  New ideas

limited to:  Original ideas
 Different ideas
 Methods/procedures
 Processes
 New tools
Emerging issues include but not  Terrorism
limited to:  Social media
 National cohesion
 Open offices
Range of media for learning  Mentoring
include but not limited to:  peer support and networking
 IT and courses

Required Skills
 Personal hygiene practices
 Intra and Interpersonal skills
 Communication skills
 Knowledge management
 Interpersonal skills
 Critical thinking skills
 Observation skills
 Organizing skills
 Negotiation skills
 Monitoring skills
 Evaluation skills
 Record keeping skills
 Problem solving skills
 Decision Making skills
 Resource utilization skills
 Resource mobilization skills
Required Knowledge
 Work values and ethics
 Company policies

 Company operations, procedures and standards
 Occupational Health and safety procedures
 Fundamental rights at work
 Personal hygiene practices
 Workplace communication
 Concept of time
 Time management
 Decision making
 Types of resources
 Work planning
 Resources and allocating resources
 Organizing work
 Monitoring and evaluation
 Record keeping
 Workplace problems and how to deal with them
 Negotiation
 Assertiveness
 Team work
 Gender mainstreaming
 HIV and AIDS
 Drug and substance abuse
 Leadership
 Safe work habits
 Professional growth and development
 Technology in the workplace
 Learning
 Creativity
 Innovation
 Emerging issues
o Social media
o Terrorism
o National cohesion
EVIDENCE GUIDE

aspects of 1.1 Conducted self-management

Competency 1.2 Demonstrated interpersonal communication
1.3 Demonstrated critical safe work habits
1.4 Demonstrated the ability to lead a workplace team
1.5 Planned and organized work
1.6 Maintained professional growth and development
1.7 Demonstrated workplace learning
1.8 Demonstrated problem solving skills
1.9 Demonstrated the ability to manage ethical performance
Implications
2.1 Case studies/scenarios
Assessment
 Oral Interview
 Observation
 Third Party Reports
 Written
4. Context of 4.1 Competency may be assessed in workplace or in a
Assessment simulated workplace setting
4.2 Assessment shall be observed while tasks are being
undertaken whether individually or in-group
for
assessment

DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to lead the implementation of
workplace’s safety and health program, procedures and policies/guidelines.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT
These are assessable statements which specify the
These describe the key
required level of performance for each of the
outcomes which make up
elements.
workplace function.
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Identify workplace 1.1 Hazards in the workplace and/or its indicators of
hazards and risk its presence, are identified
1.2 Evaluation and/or work environment
measurements of OSH hazards/risk existing in the
workplace is conducted by
Authorized personnel or agency
1.3 OSH issues and/or concerns raised by workers
are
Gathered
2. Identify and implement 2.1 Prevention and control measures, including use of
appropriate control safety gears / PPE (personal protective
measures equipment) for specific hazards
identified and implemented
2.2 Appropriate risk controls based on result of OSH
hazard evaluation is recommended.
2.3 Contingency measures, including emergency
procedures during workplace incidents and
emergencies are recognized and established in
accordance with organization procedures.
3. Implement OSH 3.1 Information to work team about company OSH
programs, procedures program, procedures and policies/guidelines are
and policies/ guidelines provided
3.2 Implementation of OSH procedures and policies/
guidelines are participated
3.3 Team members are trained and advised on OSH
standards and procedures
3.4 Procedures for maintaining OSH-related records

are implemented
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Hazards may include 1.1. Physical hazards – impact, illumination, pressure,
but are not limited to: noise,
vibration, extreme temperature, radiation
1.2 Biological hazards- bacteria, viruses, plants,
parasites, mites, molds, fungi, insects
1.3 Chemical hazards – dusts, fibers, mists, fumes,
smoke,
gasses, vapors
1.4 Ergonomics
Psychological factors – over exertion/ excessive
force,
awkward/static positions, fatigue, direct pressure,
varying metabolic cycles
Physiological factors – monotony, personal
relationship, work out cycle
1.6 Safety hazards (unsafe workplace condition) –
confined space, excavations, falling objects, gas
leaks, electrical, poor storage of materials and
waste, spillage, waste and debris
1.7 Unsafe workers’ act (Smoking in off-limited areas,
Substance and alcohol abuse at work)
2. Indicators may 2.1 Increased of incidents of accidents, injuries
include but are not 2.2 Increased occurrence of sickness or health
limited to: complaints/ symptoms
2.3 Common complaints of workers related to OSH
2.4 High absenteeism for work-related reasons
3. Evaluation and/or 3.1 Health Audit
work environment 3.2 Safety Audit
measurements may 3.3 Work Safety and Health Evaluation
include but are not 3.4 Work Environment Measurements of Physical and
limited to: Chemical
Hazards

4. OSH issues and/or 4.1 Workers’ experience/observance on presence of
concerns may include work hazards
but are not limited to:
4.2 Unsafe/unhealthy administrative arrangements
(prolonged work hours, no break time, constant
overtime, scheduling of tasks)
4.3 Reasons for compliance/non-compliance to use of
PPEs or other OSH procedures/policies/guidelines
5. Prevention and 5.1 Eliminate the hazard (i.e., get rid of the dangerous
control measures may machine
include but are not 5.2 Isolate the hazard (i.e. keep the machine in a closed
limited to: room and operate it remotely; barricade an unsafe
area off)
5.3 Substitute the hazard with a safer alternative (i.e.,
replace the machine with a safer one)
5.4 Use administrative controls to reduce the risk (i.e.
give trainings on how to use equipment safely;
OSH-related topics, issue warning signages,
rotation/shifting work schedule)
5.5 Use engineering controls to reduce the risk (i.e. use
safety guards to machine)
5.6 Use personal protective equipment
5.7 Safety, Health and Work Environment Evaluation
5.8 Periodic and/or special medical examinations of
workers
6. Safety gears /PPE 6.1 Arm/Hand guard, gloves
(Personal Protective 6.2 Eye protection (goggles, shield)
Equipments) may 6.3 Hearing protection (ear muffs, ear plugs)
include but are not 6.4 Hair Net/cap/bonnet
limited to: 6.5 Hard hat
6.6 Face protection (mask, shield)
6.7 Apron/Gown/coverall/jump suit
6.8 Anti-static suits
6.9 High-visibility reflective vest

7. Appropriate risk Appropriate risk controls in order of impact are as
controls follows:
7.1 Eliminate the hazard altogether (i.e., get rid of the
dangerous machine)
7.2 Isolate the hazard from anyone who could be
harmed (i.e., keep the machine in a closed room
and operate it remotely; barricade an unsafe area
off)
7.3 Substitute the hazard with a safer alternative (i.e.,
replace the machine with a safer one)
7.4 Use administrative controls to reduce the risk (i.e.,
train workers how to use equipment safely; train
workers about the risks of harassment; issue
signage)
7.5 Use engineering controls to reduce the risk (i.e.,
attach guards to the machine to protect users)
7.6 Use personal protective equipment (i.e., wear
gloves and goggles when using the machine)
8. Contingency 8.1 Evacuation
measures may include 8.2 Isolation
but are not limited to: 8.3 Decontamination
8.4 (Calling designed) emergency personnel
9. Emergency 9.1 Fire drill
procedures may 9.2 Earthquake drill
include but are not 9.3 Basic life support/CPR
limited to: 9.4 First aid
9.5 Spillage control
9.6 Decontamination of chemical and toxic
9.7 Disaster preparedness/management
9.8 se of fire-extinguisher
10. Incidents and 10.1 Chemical spills
emergencies may 10.2 Equipment/vehicle accidents
include but are not 10.3 Explosion
limited to: 10.4 Fire
10.5 Gas leak
10.6 Injury to personnel
10.7 Structural collapse
10.8 Toxic and/or flammable vapors emission.
11. OSH-related 11.1 Medical/Health records
Records may 11.2 Incident/accident reports
include but are not 11.3 Sickness notifications/sick leave application
limited to: 11.4 OSH-related trainings obtained

Required Skills
 Skills on preliminary identification of workplace hazards/risks
 Knowledge management
 Critical thinking skills
 Coordinating skills
 Troubleshooting skills
 Presentation skills
 Training skills
Required Knowledge
 General OSH Principles
 Occupational hazards/risks recognition
 OSH organizations providing services on OSH evaluation and/or work
environment measurements (WEM)
 National OSH regulations; company OSH policies and protocols
 Systematic gathering of OSH issues and concerns
 General OSH principles
 National OSH regulations
 Company OSH and recording protocols, procedures and policies/guidelines
 Training and/or counseling methodologies and strategies
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Aspects of 1.1 Identifies hazards/risks in the workplace and/or its
Competency indicators
1.2 Requests for evaluation and/or work environment
measurements of OSH hazards/risk in the workplace
1.3 Gathers OSH issues and/or concerns raised by workers
1.4 Identifies and implements prevention and control measures,
including use of PPE (personal protective equipment) for

specific hazards
1.5 Recommends appropriate risk controls based on result of
OSH hazard evaluation and OSH issues gathered
1.6 Establish contingency measures, including emergency
procedures in accordance with organization procedures
1.7 Provides information to work team about company OSH
program, procedures and policies/guidelines
1.8 Participates in the implementation of OSH procedures and
policies/guidelines
1.9 Trains and advises team members on OSH standards and
procedures
1.10 Implements procedures for maintaining OSH-related
records
Implications 2.1 Workplace or assessment location
2.2 OSH personal records
2.3 PPE
2.4 Health records
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Portfolio Assessment
3.2 Interview
3.3 Case Study/Situation
3.4 Observation/Demonstration and oral questioning
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be
undertaken in a closely simulated workplace environment.
for assessment

COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY

CONDUCT PROJECT RESEARCH
UNIT CODE: ENV/OS/SCI/CC/01/6/A
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to prepare project proposal, collect
data, analyse data and prepare project research report.
ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the
key outcomes which required level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
function.
1. Prepare project 1.1 Cover page details are outlined based on SOPs
proposal 1.2 Project summary is prepared
1.3 Project literature is reviewed based on previous research.
1.4 Project methodology is outlined
1.5 Project limitations and assumptions are noted.
1.6 Project plan is outlined
1.7 Project cost is outlined
1.8 Project proposal report is prepared and presented for
approval
2. Collect data 2.1 Reconnaissance is conducted
2.2 Sources of data are determined based on the
reconnaissance.
2.3 Data is collected based on the type of project
2.4 Data is gathered and organized based on the research
3. Analyze data 3.1 Data is pre-processed
3.2 Data is processed into information
3.3 Data is interpreted based on the results
3.4 Recommendations are noted.
4. Prepare research 4.1 Research report is prepared based on the proposal
report findings
4.2 Copies of the research report are made based on the
number of stakeholders involved in its development.
4.3 Research report is presented and submitted to relevant
stakeholders

RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Cover page details includes but  Name of the Organization

not limited to:  Project Title
 Project Time-frame
 Project Contacts
2. Summary includes but not  Background information
limited to:  Problem statement
 Scope
 Project Objectives
 Project justification
 Research questions
 Project hypothesis
 Significance of the study
3. Methodology includes but not  Project Approach Summary
limited to:  Work Breakdown
 Task Time Estimates
 Project Deliverables
 Research questions
4. Cost includes but not limited to:  Project Budget
 Budget Narrative
 Additional Financial Statements
5. Plan includes but not limited to:  Proposal development
 Data collection
 Time frame
 Activity
6. Processed includes but not  Tabulated
limited to:  Using Data processing software
 Used in mathematical functions
 Modelled
7. Pre-processed includes but not  Sorted
limited to:  Cleaned
8. Relevant stakeholders include  Institution
but not limited to:  Supervisor
 Any company that helped in the research.

Required Skills
 Research skills
 Planning and organizing
 Data collection skills
 Excellent analytical skills
 Data presentation
 Budgeting
 Time management
 Report writing
 Data processing
Required knowledge
 Literature review
 Project proposal format
 Project research report format
 Data acquisition
 Data analysis
 Work plans
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Competency 1.1 Prepared project proposal
1.2 Collected data
1.3 Analyzed data
1.4 Prepared and presented project research report
1 2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately
place

3.Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
3.2 Oral Questioning
3.3 Practical reports
3.4 Project
2 4.Context of Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
Assessment workplace or
3 5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
information for industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

MANAGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to manage effects of climate change
and global warming, apply responses, mitigation and adaptation strategies, apply
international policies and interventions and sensitize community.

function.
1. Manage effects of 1.1 Effects of global warming and climate change are
climate change identified
and global 1.2 Climate change models are designed
warming 1.3 Greenhouse gases emission is controlled as per SOPs.
1.4 Alternative sources of energy are identified and
applied based on available resources.
1.5 Indicators of global warming are monitored.
2. Apply responses, 2.1 Resource efficiency mechanisms for resolving climate
mitigation and change issues are adapted locally and internationally.
adaptation 2.2 Conference of parties (COP) recommendations are
strategies to applied
climate change. 2.3 Technologies are developed and transferred
internationally.
3. Apply 3.1 Carbon trading is implemented
international 3.2 Policies are regulated and enforced based on UNFCC
policies and (United nations Framework on climate change)
interventions 3.3 Relationship between climate and development is
analysed.
3.4 Community is sensitized.
RANGE
performance.

Variable Range
1. Greenhouse gases includes but  Methane

not limited to:  CO2
 CfC
 Aerosols
 Sulphur
2. Alternative sources of energy  Wind
include but not limited to:  Solar
 Geothermal
 Biogas
 Hydroelectric power
3. Resource efficiency  Water conservation
mechanisms includes but not  Waste management
limited to:  Energy conservation
 Forest conservation
4. Indicators includes but not  Rise of the sea level
limited to:  Increase and decrease in water levels
 Flash floods
 Melting of ice and glaciers
 Ozone layer depletion
 Decrease of snow cover
 Temperature rise
 Change of rain pattern
5. Effects of global warming and  Drought and desertification
climate change includes but not  Biodiversity loss
limited to:  Flooding
 Discoloration of coral reefs
 Invasive species
 Diseases (cholera, malaria, sun burns,
skin cancer)
6. Technologies includes but not  Carbonflorocarbons refrigerators
limited to:  Electric vehicles
 Solar technologies
 Biogas


Required Skills
 Creative and innovative
 ICT skills
 Assessing skills
 Resource mobilization
 Research skills
 Interpretation skills
Required knowledge
 Technologies
 Sustainable development
 Causes, impact and adaptation of climate change
 Local and International policies on climate change
 Indigenous knowledge of regions
 Emerging issues
 Integration of scientific perspectives
EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Identified and managed effects of global warming and
climate change
1.2 Identified and applied alternative sources of energy
1.3 Adapted mechanisms for resolving climate change
issues
3 2. Resource Implications The following resources should be provided:
2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated

3.3 Written tests
4 4.Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or
5 5. Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
for assessment sector, workplace and job role is recommended.

PERFORM RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to perform environmental planning,
manage land resources, manage water resources, manage marine and coastal resources
and manage ASALs.

function.
1. Perform 1.1 Environmental resource is identified
environmental 1.2 Planning team is identified and mobilized
planning 1.3 Objectives are determined with the involvement of the
community.
1.4 Community needs are determined based on
environmental assessment surveys
1.5 Possible solutions are identified
1.6 The environmental plan is prepared
1.7 Budget is developed based on the plan
1.8 Approval is sought from relevant stakeholders.
1.9 Environmental plan is implemented and monitored.
2. Manage land 2.1 Land resources are identified
resources 2.2 Degraded land is rehabilitated and restored.
2.3 Resource management plan is developed
2.4 Soil conservation strategies are applied
2.5 Natural resource regulations are applied.
3. Manage water 3.1 Water resources are identified
resources 3.2 Policies on water resources are enforced
3.3 Water resource conflicts are identified
3.4 Principles of integrated water resource management are
identified and applied
4. Manage marine 4.1 Marine and coastal resources are identified
and coastal 4.2 Marine protected areas are established and conserved
resources 4.3 Principles of integrated coastal zone management are
applied
4.4 Marine and coastal resource conflicts are identified
5. Manage ASALs 5.1 ASALs resources are identified

5.2 Sustainable practices are applied based on the type
ASALs.
5.3 Government policies are applied
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Environmental assessment  Technical Environmental Survey (TES)

surveys include but not limited  Environmental Planning Survey
to:
2. Budget includes but not limited  Financial proposals
to:  Technical proposals
3. Land resources includes but not  Minerals
limited to:  Wildlife
 Forests
 Soil
 Vegetation
 Rangelands
4. Water resources includes but not  Wetlands
limited to:  Aquatic life
 Rivers, lakes and oceans
 Water hyacinth
5. ASAL resources includes but not  Wildlife
limited to:  Shrubs
 Trees e.g acacia
 Sand
 Gums and resins
6. Marine and coastal resources  Mangroves
include but not limited to:  Coral reefs
 Historical sites
 Game parks and reserves
7. Relevant stakeholders include  Authorities
but not limited to:  Community
 Civil societies
 NGOs
 Technical experts

 Private sector
 Faith based organizations
 Community based organizations
8. Sustainable practices include  Irrigation
but not limited to:  Agroforestry
 Pastoralism ad ranching
 Tourism and wildlife
 Soil and water conservation

Required Skills
 Sampling
 Survey skills
 Conflict resolution
 ICT skills
 Research skills
 Planning, organizing and co-ordination skills
 Leadership skills
 Report writing
 Excellent analytical skills
Required knowledge
 Plant and animal adaptations in ASALs
 Zoning
 Sustainable environmental management
 Project planning and management
 Agricultural production
 Environmental laws, policies and conventions
 Rangelands
 Wildlife
 Marine protected areas

EVIDENCE GUIDE

Competency 1.1 Prepared environmental management plans
1.2 Applied soil conservation strategies
1.3 Conserved marine protected areas
1.4 Applied sustainable practices on ASALs.
 2. Resource Implications The following resources should be provided:
2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately
place
3.3 Written tests
 4.Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or
 5. Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry

PERFORM ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY PRACTICES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to develop laboratory layout, maintain
lab safety, administer first aid, install laboratory equipment, administer lab practicals,
handle lab animals and plants, produce photographs and manage laboratory records.

function.
1. Develop laboratory 1.1 Main features of a lab layout are determined
layout 1.2 Laboratory design is drawn
2. Maintain lab safety 2.1 Sources of danger in the lab are identified
2.2 Safety precaution measures are observed
2.3 Rules on good housekeeping are listed
2.4 Hazards identification techniques are applied.
2.5 Lab ware are cleaned and stored
2.6 Accidents are recorded
3. Administer first 3.1 Victim is handled based on the cause of accident
aid 3.2 First aid conducted to the victim
3.3 Further medical services are sought based on the nature
of the injury.
4. Install laboratory 4.1 Lab equipment are set up and calibrated
equipment 4.2 Lab equipment are installed
5. Administer lab 5.1 Reagents are labelled.
practicals 5.2 Reagents are sorted and organized based on reactivity.
5.3 Reagents are portioned precisely as per standard testing
measures
5.4 Solutions are prepared as per SOPs.
5.5 Practicals are administered.
5.6 Apparatus and equipment are cleaned and stored
5.7 Lab report is prepared.
6. Handle laboratory 6.1 Animal and plant breeding is conducted.
animals and plants 6.2 Inoculation methods are performed on animals
6.3 Post mortem is performed on specimen
6.4 Specimen are disposed safely.

7. Produce 7.1 Photographs are taken
photographs 7.2 Film is developed, printed and projected.
7.3 Dark room techniques are performed
7.4 Photomicrographs are produced and labelled.
8. Manage laboratory 8.1 Organization structure of the lab is developed
records 8.2 Reports are filed
8.3 Lab documentations are stored
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Lab layout includes but not  Fittings

limited to:  Storage
 Service
 Drainage
 Gangways
2. Lab equipment includes but not  Balances
limited to:  Mercury barometers
 Galvanometer
 Glass bowers
 Heavy equipment
 Laboratory stills
 Spectrographic equipment
 Bunsen burner
 Fire extinguishers
3. Source of danger includes but  Glass
not limited to:  Chemicals
 Fire-chemicals
 Explosions
 Gas cylinders
 Electricity
 Radiation
4. Safety precaution measures  PPEs use
includes but not limited to:  No beverages or food in the lab
 No running in the lab

 No practicals without supervision

Required Skills
 Setting up equipment
 Performing first aid
 Preparing reagents
 Breeding animals and plants.
 Performing post mortem
 Housekeeping skills
 Labelling
 Producing photographs
 Keeping records
 Report writing
 Supervisory skills
Required knowledge
 Organization of lab
 Lab rules and regulations
 Lab layout
 Photography
 Solutions and reagents
 First aid
 Safety precautions
 Lab equipment, tools and materials
 Lab animals and plants.
 Preservation of species
EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Maintained lab safety
1.2 Conducted first aid
1.3 Calibrated and set up lab equipment
1.4 Labelled reagents
1.5 Prepared solutions
1.6 Carried out animal and plant breeding
1.7 Performed inoculation
1.8 Performed post mortem
1.9 Produced photographs
1.10 Prepared lab report.
place
3.4 Written tests
workplace or
5 5. Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
for assessment industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended.

APPLY BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENT
UNIT CODE : ENV/OS/SCI/CC/05/6/A
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to apply Principles of ecology, manage
environmental resources, manage pollution and wastes, demonstrate sustainable
resource use, apply environmental legislations and implement and monitor
environmental programs
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT These are assessable statements which specify the
These describe the key required level of performance for each of the
outcomes which make up elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the
Range
1. Apply Principles of 1.1 Environmental components are identified and
ecology monitored
1.2 Bio-geochemical cycles are identified
1.3 Ecosystems are identified and monitored
1.4 Ecological interactions are determined
1.5 Identify contemporary environmental issues
2. Manage environmental 2.1 Environmental resources are identified and
resources classified
2.2 Environmental resources are monitored and
assessed as per monitoring tool
2.3 Environmental resources are mapped
2.4 Environmental resources are conserved and
preserved
2.5 Environmental resource management plan is
developed
2.6 Environmental resource policies and
regulations are identified
3. Manage pollution and 3.1 Environmental pollution control measures are
wastes compiled following standard protocol.
3.2 Procedures for solid waste management are
observed according Environmental
Management and Coordination (Amendment)
2015

3.3 Waste management procedures are employed
following principles of 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle)
3.4 Methods for minimizing pollution complied
following environmental regulations.
4. Demonstrate sustainable 4.1 Methods for minimizing wastage are complied.
resource use 4.2 Methods for economizing or reducing resource
consumption are practiced.
4.3 Information on resource efficiency systems and
procedures are collected and provided to the
work group where appropriate.
4.4 Current resource usage is measured and
recorded by members of the work group.
8.1. All resource consuming processes are
Identified
8.2. Quantity and nature of Resource consumed is
determined
8.3. Resource flow is analyzed through different
parts of the process.
4.5 Wastes are classified for possible source of
resources.
4.6 Resource conflicts are resolved
4.7 Resource conservation plans are developed
5. Apply Environmental 5.1 Environmental legislations, multilateral
legislations environmental agreements and local
ordinances are identified according to the
different environmental aspects/impact
5.2 Environmental management practices are
described according to the different
environmental concerns

6. Implement and monitor 6.1 Programs/Activities are identified according to
environmental programs organizations policies and guidelines.
6.2 Individual roles/responsibilities are
determined and performed based on the
activities identified.
6.3 Problems/constraints encountered are resolved
in accordance with organizations’ policies and
guidelines
6.4 Stakeholders are consulted based on company
guidelines
6.5 Activities are periodically monitored and
Evaluated according to the objectives of the
environmental program
6.6 Feedback from stakeholders are gathered and
considered in Proposing enhancements to the
program based on consultations
7.3 Data gathered are analyzed based on
Evaluation requirements
7.4 Recommendations are submitted based on the
findings
7.5 Management support systems are
set/established to sustain and enhance the
program
7.6 Environmental incidents are monitored and
reported to
concerned/proper authorities
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
PPE May include but are not 1.1 Mask
limited to 1.2 Gloves
1.3 Goggles
1.4 Safety hat
1.5 Overall
1.6 Hearing protector

Environmental pollution 2.1 Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
control measures may include and ingestion of airborne particles
but are not limited to: 2.2 Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
and ingestion of gases and fumes
2.4 Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
and ingestion of liquid wastes
Environmental pollution may Soil pollution
include but are not limited to: Air pollution
Water pollution
Wastes may include but are not 3.1 Unnecessary waste
limited to: 3.2 Necessary waste
Waste management Procedures 4.1 Sorting
may include but are not limited 4.2 Storing of items
to: 4.2 Recycling of items
4.3 Disposal of items
Resources may include but are 5.1 Electric
not limited to: 5.2 Water
5.3 Fuel
5.4 Telecommunications
5.5 Supplies
5.6 Materials
Workplace environmental 6.1Biological hazards
hazards may include but are not 6.2 Chemical and dust hazards
limited to: 6.3 Physical hazards
Organizational systems and 7.1 Supply chain, procurement and purchasing

procedures may include but are 7.2 Quality assurance
not limited to: 7.3 Making recommendations and seeking
approvals
Legislations/Conventions may 8.1 EMCA 1999
include but are not limited to: 8.2 Montreal Protocol
8.3 Kyoto Protocol

Environmental aspects/impacts 9.1 Air pollution
may include but are not limited 9.2 Water pollution
to: 9.3 Noise pollution
9.4 Solid waste
9.5 Flood control
9.6 Deforestation/Denudation
9.7 Radiation/Nuclear /Radio Frequency/
Microwaves
9.8 Situation
9.9 Soil erosion (e.g. Quarrying, Mining, etc.)
9.10 Coral reef/marine life protection
Environmental management 10.1 ISO standards
practices may include but are 10.2 Company environmental management
not limited to: systems
(EMS)
Periodic may include but are not 11.1 hourly
limited to: 11.2 daily
11.3 weekly
11.4 monthly
11.5 quarterly
11.6 yearly
Programs/Activities may include 12.1 Waste disposal (on-site and off-site)
but are not limited to: 12.2 Repair and maintenance of equipment
12.3 Treatment and disposal operations
12.4 Clean-up activities
12.5 Laboratory and analytical test
12.6 Monitoring and evaluation
12.7 Environmental advocacy programs

Required Skills
 Following storage methods of environmentally hazardous materials
 Following disposal methods of hazardous wastes
 Using PPE
 Practicing OSHS
 Complying environmental pollution control
 Observing solid waste management
 Complying methods of minimizing noise Pollution

 Complying methods of minimizing wastage
 Employing waste management procedures
 Economizing resource consumption
 Listing of resources used
 Measuring current usage of resources
 Identifying and reporting workplace environmental hazards
 Conveying all environmental issues
 Following environmental regulations
 Identifying environmental regulations
 Assessing procedures for assessing compliance
 Collecting information on environmental and resource efficiency systems and
procedures, and Providing information to the work group
 Measuring and recording current resource usage
 Analysing and recording current purchasing strategies.
 Analysing current work processes to access information and data and
Assisting identifying areas for improvement
 Analysing resource flow
 Determining efficiency of use/conversion of resources
 Determining causes of low efficiency of use
 Developing plans for increasing the efficiency of resource use
 Checking resource use plans
 Complying to regulations/licensing requirements
 Determining benefit/cost of plans
 Ranking proposals based on benefit/cost compared to limited resources
 Checking proposals meet regulatory requirements
 Monitoring implementation
 Making adjustments to plan and implementation
 checking new resource usage
Required Knowledge
 Storage methods of environmentally hazardous materials
 Disposal methods of hazardous wastes
 Usage of PPE Environmental regulations
 OSHS
 Types of pollution
 Environmental pollution control measures
 Different solid wastes
 Solid waste management
 Different noise pollution
 Methods of minimizing noise pollution

 Methods of minimizing wastage
 Waste management procedures
 Economizing of resource consumption
 Principle of 3Rs
 Types of resources
 Techniques in measuring current usage of resources
 Calculating current usage of resources
 Types of workplace environmental hazards
 Environmental regulations
 Environmental regulations applying to the enterprise.
 Procedures for assessing compliance with environmental regulations.
 Collection of information on environmental and resource efficiency systems
and procedures,
 Measurement and recording of current resource usage
 Analysis and recording of current purchasing strategies.
 Analysis current work processes to access information and data Analysis of
data and information
 Identification of areas for improvement
 Resource consuming processes
 Determination of quantity and nature of resource consumed
 Analysis of resource flow of different parts of the resource flow process
 Use/conversion of resources
 Causes of low efficiency of use
 Increasing the efficiency of resource use
 Inspection of resource use plans
 Regulations/licensing requirements
 Determine benefit/cost for alternative resource sources
 Benefit/costs for different alternatives
 Components of proposals
 Criteria on ranking proposals
 Regulatory requirements
 Proposals for improving resource efficiency
 Implementation of resource efficiency plans
 Procedures in monitor implementation
 Adjustments of implementation plan
 Inspection of new resource usage

EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects
Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of 1.1 Applied Principles of ecology
Competency 1.2 Managed environmental resources
1.3 Managed pollution and wastes
1.4 Demonstrated sustainable resource use
1.5 Applied Environmental legislations
1.6 Implemented and monitored environmental
programs
Implications 2.1 Workplace with storage facilities
2.2 Tools, materials and equipment relevant to the
tasks (e.g. Cleaning tools, cleaning materials,
trash bags)
2.3 PPE, manuals and references
2.4 Legislation, policies, procedures, protocols and
local ordinances relating to environmental
protection
2.5 Case studies/scenarios relating to environmental
Protection
3 Methods of Assessment Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
3.1 Demonstration
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written examination
3.4 Interview/Third Party Reports
3.5 Portfolio (citations/awards from GOs and NGOs,
certificate of training – local and
abroad)
3.6 Simulations and role-play
4 Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job
or a combination of these. Off the job assessment
must be undertaken in a closely simulated workplace
environment.
5 Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
for assessment industry sector, workplace and job role is
recommended.

ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to conduct environmental impact
assessment, and prepare an environmental and social management plan, conduct a
strategic environmental assessment, conduct environmental audit and design legal
policy and administrative framework for EIA and EA

function.
1. Conduct 1.1 Project is identified as per SOPs.
Environmental 1.2 Screening of project is done.
Impact Assessment 1.3 Scope is determined, and terms of reference is prepared
1.4 Impact analysis is carried out together with public
participation.
1.5 Measures of mitigation and impact management are
developed
1.6 Project budget plan is developed
1.7 EIA Report is prepared
1.8 EIA quality is reviewed against the terms of reference.
1.9 A decision is made to approve, defer or reject the
proposal and set the terms and conditions under which it
can proceed.
1.10 Implementation and follow up is carried out.
2. Prepare an 2.1 Potential impacts of the proposal are summarized
environmental and 2.2 Recommended mitigation measures are described and
social management compliance with relevant standards stated
plan 2.3 Resources and responsibilities for plan implementation
are allocated
2.4 Actions to be taken are scheduled
2.5 Programme for surveillance, monitoring and auditing is
prepared
2.6 Contingency plan is prepared when impacts are greater
than expected.
3. Conduct a 3.1 Context for SEA is established
Strategic 3.2 The SEA is implemented
environmental 3.3 Decision makers are informed and influenced
assessment 3.4 Monitoring and evaluation is conducted
4. Conduct 4.1 Audit plan is developed

Environmental
Audit 4.2 Pre-audit questionnaire is prepared
4.3 Back ground information of the project is reviewed
4.4 Operational information is reviewed
4.5 Initial site visit is conducted
4.6 On-site questionnaires and audit protocols are developed
4.7 Audit plan is reviewed, and logistics arranged
4.8 Audit is carried out
4.9 Information is collated, and outstanding issues followed
up
4.10 Draft audit report is prepared and shared to relevant
stakeholders for commenting
4.11 Final audit report is prepared
4.12 Environmental audit is followed up.
5. Design legal policy 5.1 Legal policy provisions relating to EIA and EA in Kenya
and administrative are applied as per EMCA amended 2015
framework for EIA 5.2 Administrative framework for EIA and EA are designed
and EA as per EMCA amended 2015
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Identified includes but  Type of projects

not limited to:  Its size
 Components
 Processes expected
 All stages of implementation
2. Terms of reference  Policy framework
includes but not limited  Institutional framework
to:  Legal framework
 Mitigation measures
 Project alternative analysis
3. Background information  Site layout plan
includes but not limited  Site history use and activities
to:  Blue prints/as built drawings
 Organizational structure at audit site

 Internal environmental policies, procedures and
 Guidelines
4. Implemented includes  Scoping
but not limited to:  SEA study
5. Decision makers  Government
includes but not limited  Public
to:  Donors
 Private sector

Required Skills
 Report writing
 Auditing and reviewing
 Sampling
 Budgeting
 Record keeping
 Research skills
 Leadership skills
 Management skills
 analytical skills
Required knowledge
 Environmental impact assessment guidelines
 Mitigation measures
 Project management
 Audit and review
 Environmental resources
 Environmental policies and laws
 Relevant government authorities

EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Performed Environmental Impact Assessment
1.2 Prepared EIA Report
1.3 Prepared an environmental and social management
plan
1.4 Performed a Strategic environmental assessment
1.5 Performed Environmental Audit
1.6 Applied legal framework and policies
place
Assessment  Direct Observation
 Demonstration with Oral Questioning
 Written tests
workplace or

CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY
MONITOR AND ASSESS ECOLOGY
UNIT CODE: ENV/OS/SCI/CR/01/6/A
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to monitor ecosystem, develop
ecological monitoring program, assess ecosystem and restore and rehabilitate
degraded ecological habitat

function.
1. Monitor ecosystem 1.1 Ecosystems are identified
1.2 Ecological niche is identified
1.3 Distribution of natural resources is identified and
monitored
1.4 Environmental parameters are monitored
2. Develop ecological 2.1 Monitoring objectives are identified based on the
monitoring purpose
program 2.2 Monitoring objects and variables are identified
2.3 Sampling strategies are determined based on the objects
and variables
3. Assess ecosystem. 3.1 Data is collected based on the sampling strategies
3.2 Data is stored, analyzed and presented
3.3 Data is maintained and organized
3.4 Decision is made based on the findings.
4. Restore and 4.1 Restoration objectives are identified
rehabilitate 4.2 Data is collected and analyzed
degraded 4.3 Restoration plan is developed
ecological habitat 4.4 Restoration monitoring plan is designed
4.5 Restoration plan is approved and implemented
RANGE
performance.

Variable Range
1. Ecosystems includes but not  Forests

limited to:  Mountain
 Aquatic
 Marine
 ASALs
2. Environmental parameters  Salinity
include but not limited to:  Temperature
 Nutrient content
 pH
3. Objects includes but not limited  GIS
to:  GPS
 Remote sensing
 Tape measure
 Checklists
 Photographs
 Videos
4. Variables includes but not  Controlled variables
limited to:  Uncontrolled variables
5. Sampling strategies includes but  Remote sensing
not limited to:  Photography
 Survey

Required Skills
 Decision making
 Observation
 Survey skills
 Innovative skills
 Report writing
 Resource mobilization

Required knowledge
 GIS
 GNSS receivers
 Ecosystems
 Ecology
 Natural resources
 Environmental conservation
EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Monitored environmental parameters
1.2 Identified monitoring objects and variables
1.3 Determined sampling strategies
1.4 Collected data
1.5 Identified restoration monitoring objectives
place
3.3 Written tests
3.4 Reports
workplace or

CARRY OUT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to perform basic lab analysis, perform
biochemical techniques, carry out titrimetric analysis, carry out gravimetric analysis,
carry out complex titrations, apply thermochemistry and perform instrumentation
analysis
function.
1. Perform basic 1.1 PPEs are gathered and used observing lab safety
lab analysis measures
1.2 Lab equipment tools and materials are identified,
gathered and used
1.3 Reagents are labelled and sorted.
1.4 Basic lab experiments are performed based on SOPs
1.5 Results are recorded based on observations
1.6 Practical tools are cleaned and stored
1.7 Practical report is prepared
2. Perform 2.1 Amino acids are separated by chromatography
biochemical 2.2 Protein content is determined in a sample
techniques 2.3 Fats and oils are analyzed
2.4 Presence of Vitamin C is determined
2.5 Separation techniques are determined
3. Carry out 3.1 Chemical solutions are prepared and standardized as per
titrimetric SOPs.
analysis 3.2 Chemical titrations are performed
4. Carry out 4.1 Complex solutions are prepared and stabilized
complex 4.2 Complex titrations are performed
titrations
5. Carry out 5.1 Metals are determined in a mixture
gravimetric 5.2 Solubility of salts are determined
analysis 5.3 Precipitates are prepared, washed and dried
5.4 Precipitates are ignited
5.5 Gravimetric calculations are done
5.6 Report is prepared.
6 Apply 6.1 Heat reactions are conducted
thermochemistry 6.2 Heat values of substances are determined
6.3 Heat capacities of different substances are determined
7 Perform 7.1 Analytical instruments are identified

instrumentation
analysis 7.2 Analytical instruments are operated and applied as per
workplace procedures
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
2. PPEs includes but not  Gloves

limited to:  Lab coat
 Closed shoes
 Goggles
 Gas mask
 Fume chamber
3. Basic lab experiments  Filtration
include but not limited to:  Acid Base Titration
 Heating and cooling
 Distillation
 Separations
 Solvent extraction
 Chromatography
4. Analytical instruments  Spectrophotometer
include but not limited to:  Flame photometer
 pH meter
 Chromatographs
 Balances
 Conductivity meters

Required Skills

 Report writing skills
 Preparing solutions and reagents
 ICT skills
 Practical skills
 Administering first aid
Required knowledge
 PPEs
 Lab experiments
 Solutions and reagents
 Precipitates
 First aid
 Thermochemistry
 Lab apparatus
 Stability of complexes
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Competency 1.1 Observed safety measures
1.2 Labelled reagents.
1.3 Identified, gathered and lab equipment tools and
materials are used
1.4 Performed basic lab experiments
1.5 Performed biochemical techniques
1.6 Carried out titrimetric analysis
1.7 Performed gravimetric analysis
1.8 Conducted complex titrations
1.9 Applied thermochemistry
1.10 Performed instrumentation analysis
1.11 Prepared report
place

Assessment  Direct Observation
 Demonstration with Oral Questioning
 Written tests
workplace or

APPLY PRINCIPLES OF PLANT AND ANIMAL TAXONOMY
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to classify and name plants and
animals, collect and preserve plants and animals, conserve and manage plant and
animal species
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the
workplace function. elements.
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
1. Classify and name 1.1 Plants and animals are identified based on physical
plant and animal characteristics
species 1.2 Plants and animals with the same characteristics are
placed in groups/classes
1.3 Plants and animals are named based on their classes
2. Collect and preserve 2.1 Plant and animal species are identified and collected
plant and animal 2.2 Plant and animal species are assigned a unique
specimen number/detail
2.3 Sample is cleaned and compressed
2.4 Plant specimen is mounted on paper
2.5 Animals are preserved in a solution
2.6 Plant and animal specimen is stored in favorable
conditions
2.7 Report is prepared
3. Conserve plant and 1.1 Missing species are reintroduced to the ecosystem
animal species in 1.2 Biodiversity banking places are established
ecosystem 1.3 Species from gene banks are reintroduced into the
ecosystem
1.4 Pesticide use is reduced or better targeted
1.5 Wildlife corridors that correspond to the animals'
movements are created.
1.6 Community is sensitized
4. Manage plant and 1.1 Invasive species are controlled
animal species 1.2 Pests, disease and weeds are controlled
1.3 Environmental policies and Acts are applied
1.4 Efficient farming methods are performed

RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Groups/Classes  Kingdom
includes but not  Division
limited to:  Class
 Subclass
 Series(Order)
 Family
 Genus
 Species
 Variety
2. Unique number/  date of collection
detail includes but  sequential number of that collection
not limited to:  plant species location
 live appearance
3. favorable  low light
conditions include  low humidity
but not limited to:  optimum temperature
4. controlled includes  mechanical
but not limited to:  biological
 cultural
5. efficient farming  mulching
methods includes  use of organic fertilizers
but not limited to:  irrigation
 drainage

Required Skills
 Naming
 Sampling
 Compressing plant samples
 Report writing

 Research skills
 Mounting plant samples
Required knowledge
 Plant and animal species
 Plant and animal biodiversity
 Plant and animal sample collection and handling
 Plant and animal specimen preservation
 Pest, disease and weed control
 Invasive species
 Gene banks
 Tree nurseries
 Policies, Acts and Regulations
EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Identified plant and animal species
1.2 Placed plants and animals with the same characteristics
in groups/classes
1.3 Named plants and animals based on their classes
1.4 Collected and preserved plant and animal specimen
1.5 Prepared report
1.6 Established biodiversity banking places
1.7 Reintroduced species from gene banks into the
ecosystem
1.8 Controlled invasive species
1.9 Controlled weeds
1.10 Applied environmental policies and acts
1.11 Performed efficient farming methods
2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
Assessment

3.1 Direct Observation
3.3 Written tests
workplace or

MANAGE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND WASTE
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to control air, water, soil and noise
pollution manage wastewater, manage solid waste, manage hazardous waste, manage
e-waste and sensitize community on the impacts of pollution on the environment.

function.
1. Control air 1.1 Sources of air pollution are identified
pollution 1.2 Air quality is monitored as per SOPs.
1.3 Air pollution level is determined and solved
1.4 Air pollution prevention measures are applied based on
the source of pollution.
1.5 Emissions are regulated as per Environmental
regulations. (EMCA, 1999 and amended EMCA 2015)
1.6 Air pollution control measures are applied.
2. Control water 2.1 Water sources are identified.
pollution 2.2 Water quality is monitored as per SOPs.
2.3 Sources of water pollution are identified
2.4 Effluents are regulated as per Environmental regulations.
(Water Act, 2016 and Water Quality Regulations 2006)
2.5 Water pollution control measures are applied based on
the type of pollutant.
3. Control soil 3.1 Sources of soil pollution are identified
pollution 3.2 Soil pollution level is determined and solved
3.3 Soil is treated based on the nature of pollutant
3.4 Soil pollution control measures are applied based on the
pollutant.
4. Control noise 4.1 Sources of noise pollution are identified
pollution 4.2 Noise pollution level is determined and solved
4.3 Noise pollution control measures are applied based on
the source of pollution.
4.4 Noise is regulated as per environmental regulations
(EMCA)
5. Manage 5.1 Wastewater is collected as per source.
wastewater 5.2 Wastewater is treated based on the level of pollution
5.3 Sludge is treated and disposed or reused as organic
manure

5.4 Treated wastewater is discharged back to the
environment.
6. Manage solid 6.1 Solid wastes are collected as per SOPs
waste 6.2 Wastes are sorted /segregated and recovered
6.3 Collected wastes are transported to designated areas
6.4 The 7R principles are adopted
7. Manage hazardous 7.1 Hazardous wastes are sorted based on their
waste characteristics
7.2 Hazardous wastes are collected and gathered
7.3 Hazardous wastes are treated and disposed based on the
waste management regulations 2006 and relevant
guidelines.
8. Manage e-waste 8.1 Electronic wastes are collected
8.2 The 7Rs principles are adopted
8.3 Waste management regulations, WEEE(waste, electrical
and electronic equipment) directives and guidelines are
applied
9. Sensitize 9.1 Community is sensitized on environmental pollution
community impacts and waste management
9.2 Waste management policies are enforced. (EMCA, 1999
and amended EMCA 2015)
9.3 Environmental laws are enforced (EMCA, 1999)
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Sources of air pollution includes  Industrial

but not limited to:  Anthropogenic
2. Sources of water pollution  Point source
includes but not limited to:  Non-point source.
 Oil spills
3. Sources of soil pollution  Fertilizers
includes but not limited to:  Pesticides
 Solid wastes
 Overgrazing
 Oil spills

 Acid rain
4. Air pollution prevention  Green energy technologies
measures includes but not o Solar
limited to: o Wind
o Geothermal
 Carbon sinks
 Environmental plans and regulations
5. Water pollution control  Water quality permits
measures includes but not  Soil erosion control
limited to:  Biological pest control techniques
 Wastewater treatment
 Regulation of effluents
6. Soil pollution control measures  Use of organic fertilizers and eco-friendly
includes but not limited to: pesticides
 Reforestation
 Solid wastes management
 Soil erosion control
7. Treated includes but not limited  Extraction and separation techniques
to:  Thermal methods
 Chemical methods
 Microbial treatment methods
8. Sources of noise pollution  Night clubs
includes but not limited to:  Industries
 Vehicles
9. Noise pollution control  Noise permits
measures includes but not  Ear muffs are used in high noise areas
limited to:  Industries are constructed away from
residential areas
 Sound proofing buildings
 Green technologies
10. Wastewater includes but not  Black water
limited to:  Grey water
 Yellow water
11. Collected includes but not  Septic tanks
limited to:  Sewer systems
12. Treated includes but not limited  Biological
to:  Chemical
13. Sludge treatment includes but  Sludge thickening
not limited to:  Sludge Stabilization
 Sludge Dewatering

14. Solid wastes include but not  Biodegradable
limited to:  Non-biodegradable
15. SOPs includes but not limited to:  Number of containers

 Frequency of collection
 Types of collection services and routes
16. 7R principles includes but not  Reuse
limited to:  Recycle
 Reduce
 Repair
 Rethink
 Refill
 Refuse
17. Recovered includes but not  Size reduction
limited to:  Density separation by air classifier
 Iron is recovered through magnetism
 Glass is screened
18. Hazardous wastes include but  Asbestos
not limited to:  Paints
 Automotive wastes
 Pesticides
 Mercury
 Electronics
 Radioactive materials
 Medical waste
19. Electronic wastes include but  Electrical appliances
not limited to:  Microchips
 Phones
 Computers
20. Characteristics includes but not  Ignitability
limited to:  Reactivity
 Corrosivity
 Toxicity
21. Treated includes but not limited  Chemically
to: o Neutralization
o Oxidation or reduction
o Hydrolysis
o Precipitation
 Physically
o Encapsulation

o Separation
 Biologically
1. Using organisms
 Thermally
1. Incineration
22. Disposed includes but not  Incinerated
limited to:  Pyrolysis
 Landfill
 Recycling

Required Skills
 Research
 Measuring skills
 Report writing
 Sorting/Segregation wastes
 Recovering wastes
 Recycling wastes
 First aid skills
 Mathematical and physics skills
Required knowledge
 Types of pollutants
 Sources of pollution
 Permits
 Methods of pollution control
 Environmental laws, policies and regulations
 Pollution monitoring and evaluation tools
 Environmental degradation and pollution
 Types of wastes
 Technological knowhow

 Waste inventory
 Wastewater treatment
 Hazardous wastes
 Policy regulations (EMCA,1999)
 Entrepreneurship
 Landfills
 Sludge management
 7Rs
 Sustainable development goals
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Competency 1.1 Monitored air quality.
1.2 Applied air pollution control measures.
1.3 Monitored water quality.
1.4 Applied water pollution control measures
1.5 Determined soil pollution level
1.6 Applied soil pollution control measures
1.7 Determined noise pollution level
1.8 Applied noise pollution control measures
1.9 Treated wastewater
1.10 Treated and disposed sludge
1.11 Collected solid wastes
1.12 Sorted /segregated wastes
1.13 Adopted the 7R principles
1.14 Sorted, collected and gathered hazardous wastes
1.15 Treated and disposed hazardous wastes
1.16 Collected electronic wastes
1.17 Applied environmental regulations and policies
place
4.3 Written tests

workplace or

PERFORM ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
UNIT CODE: ENV/OS/SCI/CR/05/6
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to classify micro-organisms, prepare
media, sterilize equipment, culture micro-organisms, prepare specimen for
microscopy and perform sensitivity tests and manage microbial resources

function.
1. Classify micro- 1.1 Micro-organisms are identified based on their
organisms characteristics
1.2 Micro-organism and biotic interactions are analyzed in
the environment
2. Prepare media 2.1 Media preparation techniques are identified
2.2 Media preparation technique is applied.
3. Sterilize 3.1 Methods of sterilization is identified
equipment 3.2 Methods of sterilization is applied
4. Culture micro- 4.1 Micro-organisms are isolated
organisms 4.2 Culture media is prepared
4.3 Isolated micro-organisms are grown on the culture
media
4.4 Micro-organisms are preserved
5. Prepare specimen 4.5 Specimen section is prepared and stained
for microscopy 4.6 Specimen is placed on the microscope.
4.7 Microscope is calibrated for analysis of specimen
6. Perform sensitivity 4.8 Sample is spread on a culture media to form colonies
tests 4.9 Colonies are exposed to different substances under
standard conditions
4.10 Response of microorganisms to substances is
observed and recorded.
7. Manage microbial 4.11 Micro-organisms are preserved as per SOPs
resources 4.12 Micro-organisms are applied in production

RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Micro-organisms includes  Bacteria

but not limited to:  Viruses
 Yeast
 Moulds
 Protozoa
 algae
2. Interactions includes but not  Mutualism
limited to:  Commensalism
 Parasitism/predation
 Neutralism
3. characteristics includes but  Physical
not limited to:  Biological
 Chemical
 Behavioral
4. Methods of sterilization  Heat method
includes but not limited to:  Chemical sterilization
5. Isolated includes but not  Streaking
limited to:  Plating
 Dilution
 Enriched procedure
 Single cell technique
6. Staining technique includes  Gram Staining
but not limited to:  Acid-Fast Stains
 Capsule Staining
 Endospore Staining
 Flagella Staining
7. Prepared includes but not  Fixation
limited to:  Grossing
 Processing
 Embedding
 Sectioning

 Staining
8. Response includes but not  Susceptible
limited to: o Can’t grow if the drug is
present. This means the
antibiotic is effective against
the bacteria
 Resistant
o Can grow even if the drug is
present. This is a sign of an
ineffective antibiotic.
 Intermediate
o Higher dose of the antibiotic
is needed to prevent growth.
9. Industrial production  Yoghurt production
includes but not limited to:  Brewing
 Fish farming feeds
 GMOs
 Medicine
 Water treatment
 Ecological balance
 Pollution control

Required Skills
 Preparing media
 Sterilizing microbes
 Culturing microbes
 Preparing specimen
 Staining
 Practical skills
Required knowledge
 Mycology
 Bacteriology
 Virology

 Culture media
 Micro-organism interactions
 Micro-organisms
 Management of microorganisms
 Uses of microbes
 Microscopes
EVIDENCE GUIDE

Competency 1.1 Prepared media
1.2 Sterilized microbes
1.3 Cultured micro-organisms
1.4 Prepared specimen for microscopy
1.5 Performed sensitivity tests
1.6 Applied microbes in production
place
3.3 Written tests
workplace or

APPLY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS.
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to apply GIS and remote sensing
techniques, perform geo-graphic communication and produce geo-maps

function.
1. Apply GIS and 1.1 Data is collected based on purpose
remote sensing 1.2 Data is processed in computer software
techniques 1.3 Watersheds are delineated
1.4 Natural resources are mapped and analyzed
1.5 Natural resources are monitored and managed.
2. Perform geo- 2.1 Digital maps are designed, developed and presented to
graphic scale
communication 2.2 Graphs are generated
2.3 Images are georeferenced and processed.
2.4 Digital models are generated from raw data
3 Produce geo-maps 3.1 Maps are generated
3.2 Maps are designed and compiled
3.3 Maps are projected
3.4 Coordinate reference systems are identified and applied
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Collected includes but not  GNSS receivers

limited to:  Aerial photography
 Remote sensing
2. Coordinate reference systems  Geographical coordinates
includes but not limited to:  Projected Coordinate system
3. Map projections includes but  UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator)
not limited to:  UPS (Universal Polar Stereographic)

Required Skills
 ICT skills
 Operating GNSS receivers
 Geo-referencing
 Collecting data
 Taking aerial photographs
 Scanning maps
 Layering features
 Interpretation
 Presentation
 Mathematical skills
 Designing maps
Required knowledge
 Map layout
 Geographical information systems
 Types of GNSS receivers
 Aerial photography
 Digital models
 Watershed delineation
 Remote sensing
 Data processing
 Data presentation
 Mapping scales
 Map projections
 Geo-referencing
 Map design
 Reference systems
EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Collected data
1.2 Processed data
1.3 Mapped natural resources
1.4 Designed, developed and presented digital maps
1.5 Generated graphs
1.6 Georeferenced and processed images
1.7 Generated digital models
 2. Resource Implications The following resources should be provided:
place
3.3 Written tests
 4.Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or
 5. Guidance information Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the

APPLY PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to evaluate exposure pathways, analyze
environmental samples for toxicity, assess level of exposure to toxicants and perform
anatomical section of plants and lab animals
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the
workplace function. elements.
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
1. Evaluate exposure 1.1 Site information is obtained
pathways 1.2 Source of release is identified
1.3 An exposure medium is determined
1.4 An exposure point is established
1.5 Possibilities of human exposure is established
1.6 Potentially exposed populations are identified
2. Analyze 2.1 Environmental samples are collected observing
environmental samples safety measures
for toxicity 2.2 Sample parameters are tested and analyzed for
toxicity
2.3 Report is prepared based on the findings
2.4 Recommendations are applied based on the report
3. Assess level of 6.1 Level of exposure is assessed based on standard
exposure to toxicants population-level measure of toxicity
6.2 Estimates are made by comparison to known similar
toxic substances, or to similar exposures in similar
organisms.
4. Perform anatomical 6.3 Lab animals and plants are prepared depending on
section of lab plants the test to be administered.
and animals. 6.4 Taxidermy procedures are performed on the
specimen
6.5 Lab specimen are tested based on the type of toxic
substance.
6.6 Lab specimen are disposed safely
6.7 Report is prepared.

RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Lab animals includes  Rodents (rats)

but not limited to:  Monkeys
2. Source of release  Cumulative
includes but not limited  Non-cumulative
to:
3. Parameters includes  Biological oxygen demand (BOD)
but not limited to:  Turbidity
 Temperature
 Conductivity
 Total suspended solids
 Total dissolved solids
4. Exposure medium  Air
includes but not limited  Water
to:  Food chain
 Skin contact
 Soil
5. Toxin substances  Pesticides
includes but not limited  Heavy metal toxins
to:  Chemical toxins
 Bacterial toxins
 Intestinal worms
 Toxic gas
6. Separation techniques  Filtration
includes but not limited  Distillation
to:  Centrifugation
 Crystallization
7. Taxidermy procedures  Dissecting
includes but not limited  Mounting
to:  Preserving


Required Skills
 Performing lab experiments
 Research skills
 Report writing
 Interpretation skills
 Presentation skills
 First aid skills
Required knowledge
 Environmental toxins
 Physiological parameters
 Anatomy of organisms
 Exposure pathways
 Levels of toxicity
 Sources of toxins
 Toxin channels
 First aid
EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Identified source of release
1.2 Determined exposure medium.
1.3 Established exposure point
1.4 Collected environmental samples are observing safety
measures
1.5 Tested and analyzed sample parameters for toxicity
1.6 Assessed level of exposure
1.7 Tested lab organisms

place
2.3 Written tests
workplace or

APPLY PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to apply principles of environmental
economics, determine prices of commodities and apply principles of international
trade.

function.
1. Apply principles of 1.1 Demand and supply is analysed
environmental 1.2 Resources are categorized
economics 1.3 Environmental and economic data is obtained and
managed
1.4 Economic criteria for environmental resource utilization
is evaluated
1.5 Command and control standards are applied
2. Determine prices 2.1 Price is determined by market forces
of commodities 2.2 Allocate resource prices as per type of resources
2.3 Property right approaches are considered
2.4 Market failure is managed
3. Apply principles of 3.1 Incentive based policy is applied
international trade 3.2 Voluntary environmental schemes are applied
RANGE
performance.
Variable Range
1. Determined includes but not  Tender system

limited to:  Auctions
 Cost-plus pricing
2. Economic criteria includes but  Efficiency of policy
not limited to:  Cost effectiveness of policy
 Fairness
 Incentives for innovations

 Enforceability of policy
3. Command and control  Emission standards
standards include but not limited  Input standards
to:  Technology standards
4. Incentive based policy includes  Emission taxes
but not limited to:  Emission subsidies
 Polluter pay principles
 Transferable emission permits
 Auctioned emission permits
5. Voluntary environmental  ISOs
schemes include but not limited  Environmental reporting standards
to:
6. Market failure includes but not  Monopolies
limited to:  Externalities
 Asymmetric information
 Public goods
 Open resources

Required Skills
 Negotiation skills
 Quantitative skills
 Math and economic skills
 ICT skills
 Research skills
 Analysis skills
Required knowledge
 Mathematics
 Policies and regulations
 Externalities
 Profit and loss
 Cost benefit analysis
 Elasticity demand and supply
 Taxes
 Market failure

 Market and non-market goods and services
 Public goods
EVIDENCE GUIDE

of Competency 1.1 Analysed demand and supply
1.2 Categorized resources
1.3 Managed environmental and economic data
1.4 Evaluated economic criteria for environmental resource
utilization
1.5 Price is determined by market forces
1.6 Allocated resource prices
1.7 managed Market failure
1.8 Applied Incentive based policy
1.9 Applied Voluntary environmental schemes
place
6.10Written tests
workplace or

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THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA

NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS

All rights reserved. No part of this National occupational standards may be

©TVET CDACC 2019 I

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY, VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL TRAINING

©TVET CDACC 2019 II

The TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET

I am grateful to the Council Members, Council Secretariat, Environment SSAC,

Prof. CHARLES M. M. ONDIEKI, PhD, FIET (K), Con. EngTech.

©TVET CDACC 2019 III

I thank TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council

©TVET CDACC 2019 IV

©TVET CDACC 2019 V

©TVET CDACC 2019 VI

ENV/ OS/ SCI/ BC /01 /6/A

©TVET CDACC 2019 VII

This course consists of competency required by an environmental technician to

The units of competence in this course are as listed below:

BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY

COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY

CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY

©TVET CDACC 2019 VIII

©TVET CDACC 2019 IX

UNIT CODE: ENV/OS/SCI/BC/01/6/A

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

©TVET CDACC 2019 2

©TVET CDACC 2019 3

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

©TVET CDACC 2019 4

©TVET CDACC 2019 5

UNIT CODE: ENV/OS/SCI/BC/02/6/A

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

©TVET CDACC 2019 6

3. Estimate, measure 3.1 Measurement information embedded in workplace

©TVET CDACC 2019 7

6. Collect, organize, 6.1 Workplace issue requiring investigation are

©TVET CDACC 2019 8

7. Use routine formula 7.1 Understanding of informal and symbolic notation,

8. Use common 8.1 Required numerical information to perform tasks is

©TVET CDACC 2019 9

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

©TVET CDACC 2019 10

1. Critical aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

©TVET CDACC 2019 11

DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY

UNIT CODE: ENV/OS/SCI/BC/03/6/A

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1. Identify 1.1 Concepts of ICT are determined in accordance with

©TVET CDACC 2019 12

©TVET CDACC 2019 13

Appropriate computer Collection of physical parts of a computer system such

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

©TVET CDACC 2019 14

©TVET CDACC 2019 15

©TVET CDACC 2019 16

©TVET CDACC 2019 17