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    PPA Fact Sheet

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    Billy Fowler

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PPA Fact Sheet

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    Billy Fowler
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    20 views4 pages

    PPA Fact Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Billy Fowler

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Source: High-performance glass-fibre reinforced biobased aromatic polyamide in automotive biofuel

    supply systems

    1. The increase in service temperature and the use of renewable but also more aggressive biofuels
    such as biodiesel have remarkably raised demands for the durability of polymer components
    used in automotive fuel systems.
    2. Where mechanical flexibility is needed (e.g. in fuel lines), plasticisers are added to the PAs, and
    where extra stiffness and strength are required, they are reinforced with mainly glass fibres (e.g.
    in fuel filter housings, fuel sender units and quick connectors). However, in extreme service
    conditions (a combination of high temperature and fuel exposure), the PA components undergo
    degradation (Kallio and Hedenqvist, 2008; Wei et al., 2017, 2018).
    3. The concerns about the durability of PA components have therefore recently increased due to
    the trend of increased engine service temperature. The service temperature in the engine
    compartment is rising continuously due to the reduced space and the use of more powerful
    engines.
    Structure–property relationships in glass‐reinforced polyamide, Part 3: Effects of hydrolysis ageing on
    the dimensional stability and performance of short glass–fiber‐reinforced polyamide 66
    June 2007
    Polymer Composites 28(3):344 - 354
    DOI: 10.1002/pc.20312

    1. We present results on an in-depth study of the effects of hydrolysis testing on the mechanical
    performance, weight change, and dimensional stability of injection molded glass–fiber-
    reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) based on two chopped fiber products with different sizing
    formulations. Composite and resin samples have been characterized both dry as molded and
    after conditioning at either 120 or 150°C for a range of times up to 1,000 h. The results reveal
    that hydrothermal ageing in water–glycol mixtures results in significant changes in the
    mechanical performance, weight, and dimensions of these materials. The negative effects of
    conditioning could be mitigated to some degree by the appropriate choice of the glass–fiber
    sizing; however, the sizing effect diminished with increasing conditioning time. All materials
    showed a weight increase due to conditioning at 120°C that was typical of a single Fickian
    diffusion process and there was clear evidence of multiple processes involved when conditioning
    at 150°C. It was not apparent that the glass–fiber sizing affected the dimensional stability of the
    composites. We show that there is a strong correlation between the swelling of these samples
    and the level of fluid adsorption. Although the PA66 resin showed reasonably homogeneous
    swelling, the composites exhibited different levels of swelling depending on direction. These
    effects were well in line with the known effects of fibers on restriction of the matrix deformation
    (mechanical, thermal, or moisture swelling) in the fiber direction. These differences correlate
    well with the average fiber orientation with respect to the various direction axes. Composite
    tensile strength and unnotched impact resistance appeared to scale inversely with the level of
    swelling of the material. POLYM. COMPOS. 28:344–354, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics
    Engineers.
    Example of Competition leading to PPA replacement:

    https://omnexus.specialchem.com/centers/toray-torelina-polyphenylene-sulfide-
    engineering-polymers/key-benefits
    1. High thermal stability and low warpage - even at extreme temperatures
    TORELINA™ polyphenylene sulfide exhibits excellent long-term heat resistance with a
    melt point of 280°C and Deflection Temperature under Load (DTUL) of >260°C. Typical
    compounds meet UL temperature index of 200-260°C in continuous use and can handle
    short term temperature spikes up to 350°C.

    TORELINA™ PPS outperforms competitive materials such as polyphthalamide (PPA) in


    terms of:
    Better heat aging resistance
    Excellent warpage resistance
    Low water absorption

    Better heat aging resistance with TORELINA™ polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)


    The figures below show comparative data to demonstrate the better long-term heat
    aging resistance of general purpose TORELINA™ PPS as well as specialty grades of
    TORELINA™ PPS versus PPA (polyphthalamide).

    https://polymer-additives.specialchem.com/centers/fluoropolymers-as-polymer-processing-aid
    2. What are Fluoropolymers-based PPA?
    Polymer processing aids are used in polymers formulation to increase the processing efficiency
    and quality of polymeric compounds. PPA are based on a large diversity of chemistry, and used
    in different polymers (polyolefins, PA, PVC and many others polymers).

    Daikin has developed several PPA, which are fluoropolymers based additives, used to increase
    productivity and quality during extrusion of PE products (films, profiles).

     Daikin now offers an new generation of PPA (DAIKIN PPA DA-910), based on a new fluoro-
    elastomer chemistry which: Reduces PPA additives cost as up to 50% less additive is
    needed.
     Is suitable for highly demanding blown film applications such as lamination and
    surface protection
     Controls your logistic cost during transportation thanks to higher bulk density
    (smooth surface on the pellets)

    Go through this Center dedicated to PPA and discover how this material can fit your
    application!
    3. POLYPHTHALAMIDE (PPA)
    Advantages
     Heat resistance
     Chemical resistance
     Relatively low moisture absorption
     Cost
     Strength or physical properties

    Limitations
     Not inherently flame retardant
     Requires good drying equipment
     High processing temperatures

    Overview: Polyphthalamide (PPA) is a semi-crystalline, aromatic polyamide. Compared


    to nylon 6/6, it is stronger, stiffer, less sensitive to moisture, and has higher thermal
    capabilities. It has significant chemical fatigue and creep resistance.

    PPA resins are suitable for a wide range of applications because of their outstanding
    physical, thermal and electrical properties. They can resist infrared soldering
    environments, unlike many other resins.

    4. Polymer Processing Aids (PDF) – A whole list of issue to overcome PPA processing
    issues!!

    https://aztecplastic.com/Aztec/Materials/PEEK.htm

    PEEK plastic's resistance to high temperatures, harsh chemicals, and high-pressure water make it
    one of the most highly versatile forms of thermoplastic. It is commonly used in industries such as
    aerospace, oil and gas, food and beverage, and pharmaceutical. The strength and anti-friction
    properties of PEEK plastic also makes it a useful plastic for demanding applications such as
    bearings, pumps, and valves.

    PEEK plastic can be manufactured by injection molding or machining. Injection molding


    provides greater strength properties and stiffness, while maching will work best for applications
    requiring high precision.

     The chemical resistance of PEEK plastic is similar to that of PTFE. However, unlike
    PTFE, the plastic is able to be used in more demanding applications where high strength,
    and anti-wear properties are required.
     Even at high temperatures, PEEK plastic maintains its shape. This allows it to be used in
    a variety of new environments that other thermoplastics are not compatible with.
     PEEK plastic is one of the few plastics able to be used in medical implants. Unlike other
    plastics, which may be rejected by the body or may not be able to uphold the wear
    requirements needed with medical devices, PEEK plastic has been used in many medical
    applications, including spinal implants.

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