Earth Science Lesson 3.3 - Deformation of Earth's Crust

PRE-TEST
It refers to the change in the shape of rocks

due to forces applied to them.
A B C D
Tectonics Deformation Compression Faulting
It is a break along the layer of rock due to
stress.
A B C D
Boundary Fold Fault Rift
It is a type of force acting on a mass of rock
which results in stretching it.
A B C D
Compression Shear Pressure Tension
It is a deformation of Earth's crust caused by
compression and uplift which squeezes and push
a mass of rock upward.
A B C D
Volcano Mountain Valley Mountain Range
A B C D
In the Philippines, the two dominant mountain
ranges are the Sierra Madre & Cordillera Central.
A B C D
TRUE FALSE PARTLY TRUE ALL OF THE
ABOVE
DEFORMATION OF
EARTH'S CRUST
DEFORMATION OF
EARTH'S CRUST
How the landscape affects human actions and vice versa
LESSON OUTLINE
The learners identify the layers of the
Earth.
The learners describe how rocks
behave under different types of stress
such as compression, pulling apart,
and shearing.
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TERMS TO CONSIDER
List the following terms below and supply their definitions as we
go on with our discussions. Definitions in your own words are
greatly encourage.
DEFORMATION
FAULT BLOCKS
UPLIFT
COMPRESSION
TENSION
SHEAR
FOLDING
FAULTING
TRENCHES
VALLEYS
DEFORMATION OF EARTH'S CRUST
Rocks get deformed because of the forces

they are exposed to. The deformation
leads to a change in shape, volume, or
position of rocks. Three types of applied
force act on rocks and there are two
causes of crustal deformation.
types of forces acting on rocks
COMPRESSION Force that squeezes the rock resulting in a

decreased volume
TENSION Force that stretches the rock resulting in a

increased volume
SHEAR Forces that acts on the rock in opposite

directions resulting in a change in shape
causes of crustal deformation
CONFINING STRESS ALONG PLATE

PRESSURE BOUNDARIES
Pressure caused by a load of Pressure exerted by crustal plates
overlying rocks to each other along plate boundaries.
deformations of earth's crust
MOUNTAIN BUILDING MOUNTAIN RANGE

FOLDING FAULTING
TRENCHES VOLCANOES
VALLEYS
folding
One or a stack of planar surfaces (ex. sedimentary strata) are curved or bent as a result of forces
acting on them.
Forces can compress rock strata resulting in the
formation of folds. Seen from afar, the fold looks like
wavelike undulations caused by the bending of
rocks.;
faulting
A fracture or a break as a result of the displacement of one part of a rock in relation to the
other.
A fault is a break or planar fracture in a stratum of
rock due to the displacement of one part of the rock
in relation to the other. Faults are often found along
plate boundaries. In the Philippines, communities
along the five major fault lines are exposed to serious
risks from earthquakes.
top 5 active fault line in the philippines
FAULT PROVINCIES, CITIES, MUNICIPALITIES AT RISK
Ilocos Norte, Aurora, Quezon, Masbate, Eastern Leyte, Southern Leyte,

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE FAULT
Agusan Del Norte, Agusan Del Sur, Davao del Norte
MARIKINA VALLEY
Montalban, San Mateo, Marikina, Pasig, Taguig, Muntinlupa, San Pedro, Biñan,
FAULT/WEST VALLEY FAULT
Carmona, Santa Rosa, Calamba, Tagaytay, Oriental Mindoro
LINE
WESTERN PHILIPPINE FAULT Luzon Sea, Mindoro Strait, Panay Gulf, Sulu Sea
EASTERN PHILIPPINE FAULT Philippine Sea
SOUTHERN MINDANAO FAULT Moro Gulf, Celebes Sea

mountain building & mountain range
Rock layers are squeezed and pushed upward as a result of compression & uplift.
Mountains are a deformation of Earth's crust caused
by the combined forces of compression & uplift which
squeeze & push a mass of rock upward. A mountain
range is a chain of mountains formed along a
convergent plate boundary. Sierra Madre & Cordillera
Central mountain ranges are the two dominant
mountain ranges in the Philippines.
trenches
A long narrow steep-sided depression in the ocean as a result of diverging or converging plates.
Trenches are found on regions of possible active
faults. In the Philippines, the trench which is receiving
attention from scientists is the Philippine trench. This
region has registered little seismic activity in the past,
but recently in 2021 it registered an earthquake of
magnitude of 7.6
volcanoes
A vent in Earth's crust caused by the eruptions of molten rock, hot rock fragments, & hot gasses.
Volcanoes form when tectonic plates collide, and one is pushed
beneath the other. As one plate sinks beneath the other, it heats up.
This releases the water content of minerals & water lodged in the
crevices of rocks. The gas rise up & breaks through the vents of
Earth's surface as fumarolic gases.
Extreme heat melts the sinking body of Earth's crust into molten rock.
The addition of hot fluids & gases (volatiles) reduces the pressure ofo
the surrounding environment and causes the molten rock to rise up.
As it rises up and breaks into the open, it cools and forms huge
mounds of rock we call the volcano.
valleys
A valley is an elongate depression on the Earth's surface often

drained by river. Many geological processes contribute to its
formation, such as, erosion, crustal sinking, volcanic activity, and
diverging plates. When a valley is formed by diverging tectonic
plates, it is called a rift vally.
PRE-TEST
It is a break along the layer of rock due to
stress.
A B C D
Boundary Fold Fault Rift
A B C D
It refers to the change in the shape of rocks
due to forces applied to them.
A B C D
Tectonics Deformation Compression Faulting
In the Philippines, the two dominant mountain
ranges are the Sierra Madre & Cordillera Central.
A B C D
TRUE FALSE PARTLY TRUE ALL OF THE
ABOVE
It is a type of force acting on a mass of rock
which results in stretching it.
A B C D
Compression Shear Pressure Tension
A B C D

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PRE-TEST

It refers to the change in the shape of rocks

Rocks get deformed because of the forces

COMPRESSION Force that squeezes the rock resulting in a

TENSION Force that stretches the rock resulting in a

SHEAR Forces that acts on the rock in opposite

CONFINING STRESS ALONG PLATE

MOUNTAIN BUILDING MOUNTAIN RANGE

Ilocos Norte, Aurora, Quezon, Masbate, Eastern Leyte, Southern Leyte,

EASTERN PHILIPPINE FAULT Philippine Sea

SOUTHERN MINDANAO FAULT Moro Gulf, Celebes Sea

A valley is an elongate depression on the Earth's surface often

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