APA CITATION STYLE

Okanagan College Library

The examples in this guide cover frequently used citation forms only. For more detailed information refer to the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.), (BF 76.7 .P83 2020) and to the APA Style website at
https://apastyle.apa.org

General rules
• Double-space your paper, including the reference list.
• Format reference list entries with a hanging indent (.5 inch or 1.27 cm).
• Arrange reference list entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author or by title if there is no author.
• Use only the initial(s) of the author’s first name and middle name (if given).
• If the reference list includes two or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronological order (oldest first).
• For articles or books, capitalize only the first letter of the first word in the title and subtitle. Capitalize all proper nouns.
• For journal titles, capitalize all significant words.
• Italicize journal titles and volume numbers. Do not italicize issue numbers. Italicize book titles.
• References cited in text must appear in the reference list and vice versa. The only exceptions to this rule are personal
communications and secondary sources, which are cited in text only and are not included in the reference list.
• Any republished tables, graphs, or figures (including photographs and illustrations) must be clearly marked as reprinted or
adapted, and the original source must be provided both in the text and in a full reference list entry.
• For both print and online works you should include a DOI (digital object identifier) where available in order to provide a
complete citation. If your work does not appear to have a DOI, search for the title at crossref.org, using the metadata tab,
to check if there is an assigned DOI.
• If an online work does not have a DOI but does have a URL (uniform resource locator), include the URL in some
circumstances. See pages 298-299 of the APA Publication Manual for further guidance about DOIs and URLs.

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 1
Model reference list entries and citations in text

Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text

Journal Article Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle of To summarize, it seems Author and Author (Year)
2 authors article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page numbers. that … (Author & Author, state that … “…” (p. xx).
Found online with DOI or https://doi.org/... OR https://... Year).
with no DOI
• Standardize DOIs: https://doi.org/10.1037/rmh0000008

Article or chapter in Author, A. A. (year). Title of chapter or essay in book. In D. The study found Author (Year) found
an edited book Editor, E. Editor, & F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (ed., preliminary evidence of evidence of … but needs
pp. page range). Publisher Name. … “…” (Author, Year, p. more research.
xx).

Book Author, A. (year). Book title: Book subtitle. Publisher Name. The major concern lies in Author (Year) was
https://doi.org/... OR https://... … (Author, Year). concerned with “…” (p.
x).

Webpage Author, A. (year). Title of webpage. https://... This creative company Author (Year) was the
was founded in … founder of their creative
(Author, Year). company in …

Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text

Book Goldfayn, A. L. (2018). Selling boldly: Applying the new science (Goldfayn, 2018) Goldfayn (2018)
1 author of positive psychology to dramatically increase your
No DOI (p. 321) confidence, happiness, and sales. John Wiley & Sons.

Book Taylor, S. (2019). Forensic psychology: The basics (2nd ed.). (Taylor, 2019) Taylor (2019)
1 author with DOI Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351202916
2nd edition or later
(p. 321)

Book Tanimoto, M., & Wong, R. (Eds.). (2019). Public goods provision (Tanimoto & Wong, Tanimoto and Wong
2 authors, With DOI in the early modern economy: Comparative perspectives 2019) (2019)
(p. 321) from Japan, China, and Europe. University of California
Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/luminos.63

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 2
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Edited book Datta, R. (Ed.). (2020). Reconciliation in practice: A cross-cultural (Datta, 2020) Datta (2020)
1 editor, No DOI perspective. Fernwood Publishing.
(p. 322)

Edited book Albert, J. (2019). Respiratory system. In C. R. Rebar, N. M. (Albert, 2019) Albert (2019)
Chapter or article within Heimgartner, & C. J. Gersch (Eds.), Pathophysiology
1 author, No DOI made incredibly easy! (6th ed., pp. 85-136). Wolters
(p. 326) Kluwer.

Children's or O'Leary, S. (2016). A family is a family is a family (Q. Leng, (O’Leary, 2016) O’Leary (2016)
illustrated book Illus.). Groundwood Books.
Illustrator different than
author, No DOI
(p. 321)

Book Anderson, C. (2019). Essentials of linguistics. eCampusOntario. (Anderson, 2019) Anderson (2019)
1 author, No DOI, web https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/essentialsoflingui
URL stics/front-matter/introduction
(p. 322)

Book American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual First citation: First citation:
Corporate author of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). (American Psychological American Psychological
Author and publisher the https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000 Association [APA], 2020) Association (APA, 2020)
same
(p. 324) Subsequent citations: Subsequent citations:
(APA, 2020) APA (2020)

Journal article Febbraro, A. R. (2020). Critical feminist history of psychology (Febbraro, 2020) Febbraro (2020)
One author, DOI versus sociology of scientific knowledge: Contrasting
(p.317) views of women scientists? Journal of Theoretical and
Philosophical Psychology, 40(1), 7–20.
https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000133

Journal article Depauw, M., & Stolk, J. (2015). Linguistic variation in Greek (Depauw & Stolk, 2015) Depauw and Stolk (2015)
2 authors papyri: Towards a new tool for quantitative study. Greek,
No DOI Roman & Byzantine Studies, 55(1), 196–220.
(p. 317)

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 3
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Journal article Choe, E. Y., Jorgensen, A., & Sheffield, D. (2020). Simulated (Choe et al., 2020) Choe et al. (2020)
3 or more authors natural environments bolster the effectiveness of a
No issue, DOI mindfulness programme: A comparison with a relaxation-
(p. 266) based intervention. Journal of Environmental Psychology,
67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101382

Journal article Auer, M. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Testing normative and self- (Auer & Griffiths, 2015) Auer and Griffiths (2015)
No page numbers, no appraisal feedback in an online slot-machine pop-up in a
issue number, DOI real-world setting. Frontiers in Psychology, 6.
(p. 316) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00339

Journal article Newton, L., & Kimpson, S. (2014). Fitting square pegs into round (Newton & Kimpson, Newton and Kimpson,
URL, no DOI holes: Doing qualitative nursing research in a quantitative 2014) 2014)
(p. 317) world. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 46(3), 46-
64. https://cjnr.archive.mcgill.ca/article/view/2456

Journal article Mazzolari, A., Sytov, A., Bandiera, L., Germogli, G., Romagnoni, (Mazzolari et al. 2020) Mazzolari et al. (2020)
Up to 20 authors M., Bagli, E., Guidi, V., Tikhomirov, V. V., De Salvador,
(p. 286) D., Carturan, S., Durigello, C., Maggioni, G., Campostrini,
M., Berra, A., Mascagna, V., Prest, M., Vallazza, E.,
Lauth, W., Klag, P., & Tamisari, M. (2020). Broad angular
anisotropy of multiple scattering in a Si crystal. European
Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields, 80(1), 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7586-6

Journal article The ZEUS collaboration, H. Abramowicz, I. Abt, L. Adamczyk, M. (The ZEUS collaboration The ZEUS collaboration
21+ authors Adamus, R. Aggarwal, S. Antonelli, V. Aushev, Y. et al., 2018) et al. (2018)
With DOI Aushev, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, I.
(p. 286 + p. 317) Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P. J. Bussey,
A. Caldwell, … B. O. Zhautykov. (2018). Further studies
of isolated photon production with a jet in deep inelastic
scattering at HERA. Journal of High Energy Physics,
2018(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2018)032
Comments: • With 21 or more authors, include the first 19 with ellipses
to the last.

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 4
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Magazine article Brainard, J. (2020, March 13). Publishers try out alternative (Brainard, 2020) Brainard (2020)
DOI pathways to open access. Science, 367(6483), 1179.
(p. 320) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.367.6483.1179

Magazine article Bouw, B. (2020, March). Making money work for you - and the (Bouw, 2020) Bouw (2020)
No DOI planet: Younger investors are demanding their
(p. 317) investments be a force for good, and big finance is
listening. Maclean's, 133(2), 73-75.

Newspaper article Scientists say music manipulates shoppers. (2000, September (“Scientists say,” 2000) “Scientists say” (2000)
No author 14). The Ottawa Citizen, pp. A1, A20.
Discontinuous pages

Newspaper article Richard, J. (2020, February 16). Happily never after - the truth of (Richard, 2020) Richard (2020)
Online fairy tale romances. The Vancouver Sun.
(p. 320) https://vancouversun.com/life/relationships/0216-
lifenational/wcm/c8361a03-9b5f-416e-a3f2-
0607c6d62116/

News website Deer, J. (2020, March 8). Celebrating Indigenous women who (Deer, 2020) Deer (2020)
News websites do not are reclaiming or revitalizing their languages. CBC.
have a daily/weekly https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/women-indigenous-
newspaper (p. 351) languages-1.5488482

Encyclopedia article Cohen, T. R. (2010). Conflict resolution. In I. B. Weiner, & W. E. (Cohen, 2010) Cohen (2010)
Online Craighead (Eds.), Corsini encyclopedia of psychology.
(p. 324) http://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0219

Encyclopedia article Atwood, M. (2016). World Book encyclopedia (Vol. 1, p. 880). (Atwood, 2016) Atwood (2016)
Print World Book.

Dictionary definition Oxford University Press. (2001, March). Materialism. In Oxford (Oxford University Press, Oxford University Press
Online (p. 328) English dictionary (3rd ed.). http://dictionary.oed.com 2001) (2001)

Dictionary definition Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Symbolism. In Merriam-Webster.com (Merriam-Webster, n.d.) Merriam-Webster (n.d.)
No date, not archived or dictionary. Retrieved March 19, 2020, from
stable (p. 324) https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/symbolism

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 5
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
DSM-5 Entire text: (American Psychiatric American Psychiatric
Author and publisher are American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Association, 2013) Association (2013)
the same statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
(p. 324) https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Specific entry:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Cautionary statement
for forensic use of DSM-5. In Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.Cauti
onaryStatement
Comments: • When the author and publisher are the same, omit the
publisher.

Web page Health Canada. (2019, December 17). Canada's food guide: (Health Canada, 2019) Health Canada (2019)
(p. 351) Healthy eating recommendations. https://food-
guide.canada.ca/en/healthy-eating-recommendations/
Comments: • If there is no author, move the title of the webpage to the
author position. Governments/companies can be authors.
• If there is no clear date of publication, use n.d. in place of
a date.
• Use a retrieval date when the content is likely to change
(e.g. a wiki, Google Maps); but not if there is an archived
version. Use this format: Retrieved February 20, 2020,
from https://....
• Do not use the copyright date from the website footer:
only use a date that applies to what you are citing. If
there is an updated date, use that instead of the original
date. Do not include a date of last review. See 9.16
Retrieval Dates (APA, 2020, p. 290).

Web page Toyota. (n.d.). Toyota in the community. (Toyota, n.d.) Toyota (n.d.)
Company Web page https://www.toyota.ca/toyota/en/about/community
(p. 351)

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 6
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Web page Co-founder Dorsey returns to Twitter. (2011, April 14). (Co-founder Dorsey, Co-founder Dorsey
No Author (p. 289) https://designweek.co.uk 2011) (2011)

Web page World Health Organization. (n.d.). Myth busters. (World Health World Health
No Date https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel- Organization, n.d.) Organization (n.d.)
(p. 352) coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters

Open Educational Black, J. S. & Bright, D. S. (2019, June 5). Organizational (Black & Bright, 2019) Black and Bright (2019)
Resource (OER) Behavior. OER Commons. Retrieved May 8, 2020, from
https://openstax.org/books/organizational-
behavior/pages/1-introduction

Blog post Okanagan College. (2019, January 2). How to save big $$ on (Okanagan College, Okanagan College
(p. 348) textbooks. Wordpress. 2019) (2019)
https://oclib.wordpress.com/2019/01/22/how-to-save-big-
on-textbooks/

Instagram photo or Okanagan College Library [@okanagancollegelibrary]. (2020, (Okanagan College Okanagan College
video February 19). Here's OC Library's #dollypartonchallenge Library, 2020) Library (2020)
(p. 350) ... come by the library to get more reading
recommendations! 📚📚📚📚 #OCLibrary #OkanaganCollege
#Read [Photograph]. Instagram.
https://www.instagram.com/p/B732RktgiDa/
Comments: • Use the first 20 words of the post for the title, including
URLs, hashtags and emojis which count as one word
each.

Facebook page Okanagan College Library. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. (Okanagan College Okanagan College
(p. 349) Facebook. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from Library, n.d.) Library (n.d.)
https://www.facebook.com/OkanaganCollegeLibrary/

Twitter profile Okanagan College Lib [@OClib]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. (Okanagan College Lib, Okanagan College Lib
(p. 349) Twitter. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from n.d.) (n.d.)
https://twitter.com/OC_Lib

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 7
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Online forum post TripAdvisor_Forum_Support. (n.d.). Read this first: Welcome to (TripAdvisor_Forum_Sup TripAdvisor_Forum_Sup
(p. 350) the New York City forum! [Online forum post]. port, n.d.) port (n.d.)
Tripadvisor. https://bit.ly/2SVQpN2

Film or movie Petersen, L. C. & Conner, N. (Directors). (2008). The 11th hour (Petersen & Conner, Petersen and Conner
(p. 342) [Film]. Warner Bros. Entertainment. 2008) (2008)

Streaming video Lester, R. (Director). (1964). A hard day’s night [Video]. Kanopy. (Lester, 1964) Lester (1964)
from a library database http://www.kanopystreaming.com

Online video Patel, A. (2008, January 22). Music and the mind [Video]. (Patel, 2008) Patel (2008)
YouTube or other http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns
(p. 344)

Podcast episode Evans, R., & Collerius, F. (Hosts). (2020, February 27). February (Evans & Collerius, Evans and Collerius
(p. 345) book club (No. 158) [Audio podcast episode]. In The 2020) (2020)
librarian is in. NYPL.
https://www.nypl.org/blog/2020/02/27/librarian-podcast-
ep-158

TED Talk Brown, B. (2012, March). Listening to shame [Video]. TED (Brown, 2012) Brown (2012)
(p. 343-344) Conferences.
https://www.ted.com/talks/brene_brown_listening_to_sha
me
Comments: • When a TED Talk is found on YouTube, list the owner of
the YouTube account as the author for retrieval.

Report Public Health Agency of Canada. (2015, November). Foodbook (Public Health Agency of Public Health Agency of
by a government report. https://www.canada.ca/en/public- Canada, 2015) Canada (2015)
agency/organization health/services/publications/food-nutrition/foodbook-
No DOI (p. 329) report.html

Report Statistics Canada. (2010). Labour force information (Catalogue (Statistics Canada, 2010) Statistics Canada (2010)
Author same as no. 71-001-X). http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/71-001-x/71-
publisher (p. 330) 001-x2010006-eng.pdf

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 8
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Report Marqui, S., Butler, M., Jospeh, R., & Ney, K. (2000). Diabetes in (Marqui et al., 2000) Marqui et al. (2000)
By individual authors for British Columbia synthesis report. British Columbia
an organization Ministry of Healthy Living and Sport.
(p. 330) http://www.hls.gov.bc.ca/publications/year
/2000/diabetes_synthesis.pdf

Report Small Business Task Force. (2018, October). Small business (Small Business Task Small Business Task
By a task force, working speaks: Hearing from B.C. small businesses about how Force, 2018) Force (2018)
group, or other group to make their future bright. Government of British
(p. 330) Columbia.
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/employment-
business-and-economic-development/business-
management/small-
business/small_business_task_force_final_report.pdf

Annual report Financial Consumer Agency of Canada. (2019). Annual report (Financial Consumer Financial Consumer
(p. 330) 2018-2019. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/fcac- Agency of Canada, Agency of Canada
acfc/documents/corporate/planning/annual-reports/fcac- 2019). (2019)
annual-report-2018-2019.pdf

Policy brief Penner, S., Kevany, K., & Longboat, S. (2019, March 11). (Penner et al., 2019) Penner et al. (2019)
(p. 331) Indigenous food sovereignty in Canada: Policy paper
2019 [Policy brief]. Rural Policy Learning Commons.
http://rplc-capr.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Penner-
Kevany-Longboat-2019-Indigenous-Food-Sovereignty-in-
Canada-Policy-Brief.pdf

Press release Pearson Canada. (2020, March 19). Pearson Canada and Kivuto (Pearson Canada, 2020) Pearson Canada (2020)
(p. 331) partner to offer open access to digital learning resources
amid school closures [Press release].
https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/pearson-canada-
and-kivuto-partner-to-offer-open-access-to-digital-
learning-resources-amid-school-closures-
886657253.html

Fact sheet Public Health Agency of Canada. (n.d.). Salmonella [Fact sheet]. (Public Health Agency of Public Health Agency of
(p. 329) http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ Canada, n.d.) Canada (n.d.)

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 9
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Lecture Notes in Rempel, K. (2007). Chapter ten: Motivating and rewarding (Rempel, 2007) Rempel (2007)
Moodle employees. [PowerPoint slides]. Moodle.
(p. 347) https://mymoodle.okanagan.bc.ca/

Comments: • The square brackets should indicate the file format of the
content (e.g. Word document, PDF, etc.).
• Use the Moodle login page for the URL.

Article or Chapter in Gordon, B. (2005). Kate Bush’s subversive shoes. Women and (Gordon, 2005) Gordon (2005)
a Course Pack Music: A Journal of Gender and Culture, 9, (37-50).
(p. 326)
Comments: • When citing content from a course pack, cite the
information as if from the original source. There is no
need to include information about the course pack.

Lab Manual Department of Chemistry. (2020). Chemistry 121 lab manual A. (Department of Department of Chemistry
Okanagan College. Chemistry, 2020) (2020)

Criminal Code Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46. (Criminal Code, 1985) Criminal Code (1985)

(Criminal Code, 1985, s. Criminal Code (1985) …

318) “…” (s. 318).

Legislation Family Relations Act, RSBC 1996, c 128. (Family Relations Act, Family Relations Act
Revised Statutes of BC 1996) (1996)

Case law R v Latimer (2001), SCC 1. (R v Latimer, 2001, para. R v Latimer (2001) …
Neutral citation 20) “…” (para. 20).

Case law R v Latimer (2001), SCJ no 1 (QL). (R v Latimer, 2001) R v Latimer (2001)
Retrieved from QuickLaw

Case law R v Latimer (2001), [2001] 1 SCR 3, 2001 SCC 1 (CanLII). (R v Latimer, 2001) R v Latimer (2001)
Retrieved from CanLII

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 10
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Dissertation or Zhang, M. (2013). The effects of cumulative forest disturbances (Zhang, 2013) Zhang (2013)
thesis on hydrology in the interior of British Columbia, Canada
Published, in an [Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia].
institutional repository UBC Theses and Dissertations.
(p. 334) https://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0071984

Dissertation or Griffin, M. (2006). Background music and the learning (Griffin, 2006) Griffin (2006)
thesis environment: Borrowing from other disciplines [Master's
Published, on the web thesis, University of Adelaide]. ERIC.
(p. 334) https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED498430

Dissertation or Smith, I. (2020). Effects of library instruction on college students' (Smith, 2020) Smith (2020)
thesis citation practices [Unpublished undergraduate thesis].
Unpublished Okanagan College.
(p. 334)
Comments: • Include wording [Unpublished doctoral
dissertation/master's thesis/undergraduate thesis] after
the title. Include the name of the institution that awarded
the degree, after the square bracketed description.

Art on a museum Harris, L. S. (1930). 2 am Buchanan Bay, Ellesmere Island (Harris, 1930) Harris, (1930)
website [Painting]. Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(p. 346) https://ago.ca/collection/object/2004/37

Clip art or stock Pressmaster. (n.d.). Reading book in library [Stock image]. (Pressmaster, n.d.) Pressmaster (n.d.)
image (p. 346) Shutterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-
photo/reading-book-library-440494636
Comments: • To reproduce (not just cite) a stock image, you may need
to ask permission from the copyright owner and/or
provide a copyright attribution. Check the image license
for information (APA, 2020, p. 342).

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 11
Type of source Reference list Parenthetical in-text Narrative in-text
Infographic OC Library. (n.d.). Annual reports [Infographic]. Okanagan (OC Library, n.d.) OC Library (n.d.)
(p. 346) College Library.
https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/ld.php?content_id=3488
1600
Comments: • To reproduce an infographic, permission and/or a
copyright attribution may be necessary (APA, 2020, p.
347).

Map Statistics Canada. (n.d.). Population distribution as of July 1, (Statistics Canada, n.d.) Statistics Canada (n.d.)
(p. 347) 2014 by census division (CD), Canada [Map]. Statistics
Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/91-214-
x/2015000/section04-eng.htm#a1

Google Map Google. (n.d.). [Google map directions for driving from Kelowna, (Google, n.d.) Google (n.d.)
(p. 347) British Columbia, to Vernon, British Columbia]. Retrieved
March 19, 2020, from http://bit.ly/KtoVmap

Photograph Okanagan College Library. (2015, September 22). Science (Okanagan College Okanagan College
(p. 347) literacy week 2015 [Photograph]. Flickr. Library, 2015) Library (2015)
https://www.flickr.com/photos/okanagancollegelibrary/210
61331543/

PowerPoint slides Janyk, R. (2015, November 18). Citing in APA [PowerPoint (Janyk, 2015) Janyk (2015)
or lecture notes slides]. Haiku Deck. https://www.haikudeck.com/citing-in-
(p. 347) apa-uncategorized-presentation-MHpeKxkLvb

Data table Statistics Canada. (2017). Kelowna [Census metropolitan area], (Statistics Canada, 2017) Statistics Canada (2017)
Online British Columbia and British Columbia [province]
(Catalogue number 98-316-X2016001).
https://bit.ly/KelownaCensusProfile

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 12
 Citations in text Examples

Direct quotations from sources with page numbers • Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden
When citing direct quotations (word for word), include the page impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of
number of the quote. another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617).
Direct quotations from electronic sources without page • (Hutson, 2009, para. 5)
numbers • (Shors & Horvath, 2001, Conclusions and Future Directions, para. 3).
Use the paragraph number, preceded by the abbreviation para. If
the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading of the
section being quoted and the paragraph number following it.
One work by one author • Author’s name used in the sentence: Manouselis (2008) reported…
• Author’s name not used in the sentence: In a study on the use of online
recommendation services (Manouselis, 2008)…
One work by two authors • …as described in Rasmusson and Friedman’s study on gender issues in
PTSD (2002).
• A study on gender issues in PTSD (Rasmusson & Friedman, 2002)
shows…
One work by three or more authors • Davis et al. (2009) found that…
• A study of technology acceptance (Davis et al., 2009)…
Two or more works by the same author and the same year • Past research (Statistics Canada, 2017a, 2017b) has shown…
named in the same reference

Two or more works by different authors named in the • Past research (Heschl, 2001; Noonan & Johnson, 2002; Wolchik et al.,
same reference 2000) has shown…

Citing a secondary source (also known as an indirect • In Smith’s 1998 study (as cited in Rasmusson & Friedman, 2002)…
source) • Experimental research (Smith, 1998, as cited in Rasmusson & Friedman,
Do not include Smith (1998) in the reference list. Do include 2002) has shown
Rasmusson & Friedman (2002).
Personal communications (letters, phone calls, • L. Coates (personal communication, December 16, 2008) stated that…
interviews, e-mail messages, etc.)
Do not include personal communications in the reference list. Cite
them in text only.

APA Citation Style, 7th ed., Okanagan College Library May 2020 13
 References

Albert, J. (2019). Respiratory system. In C. R. Rebar, N. M. Heimgartner, & C. J. Gersch (Eds.), Pathophysiology made incredibly easy! (6th ed., pp. 85-136). Wolters

Kluwer.

Choe, E. Y., Jorgensen, A., & Sheffield, D. (2020). Simulated natural environments bolster the effectiveness of a mindfulness programme: A comparison with a

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