COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS

➢ ENCODER
This combinational circuit converts the
information given in the form of Decimal,
Octal, Hexadecimal and Character into its

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equivalent Binary form.
In other words an encoder converts an
analogue signal into digital signal.
➢ Applications of Encoder:
* It is used as multiplexing device.
* It converts Decimal, Octal, Hexa-decimal
information in Binary form.
* It is used as analogue to digital convertor.
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➢ Types of Encoder
The encoder on the basis of working and
characteristics is divided into following
categories:

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1. Decimal to Binary Encoder
2. Hexa-Decimal to Binary Encoder
3. Octal to Binary Encoder
The features of above types of encoders, their
truth tables, logic gate diagrams and working
are described below:
 COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS
1. DECIMAL TO BINARY ENCODER:
This converts a decimal input to Binary form.
Truth table
Input Output
Decimal F3 F2 F1 F0
0
1
2
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0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 1
0
1
0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
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1. DECIMAL TO BINARY ENCODER:

0
Logic diagram
1 1
2 2

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4
5 5
4

6
3

5
3

6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8
9 9 9
v v vv vv vvv v vv v v v

v v v F1 v F0
F3 F2
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Working of Decimal to Binary Encoder:
In the above diagram ten decimal signals (0-9) with horizontal
lines represents input signals. Each OR gate is connected with
these multiple signals. The gates that are connected to a signal
represents true (1) otherwise false (0). It returns 4 bits output.

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Assume that the signal containing decimal number 5 gets ON. In
this case the gates represented by F0 and F2 returns true (1)
output because signal 5 is connected with F0 and F2, and the gates
represented by F1 and F3 returns false (0) output because they are
not connected. So, the final output will be 0101. See below:
Input Output (4 bits)
Decimal F3 F2 F1 F0
5 0 1 0 1
As you know that the Binary combination of decimal number 5 is
0101. Thus, it shows decimal to Binary Conversion.
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2. HEXA-DECIMAL TO BINARY ENCODER:
This converts a hexa-decimal input to Binary form.
Truth table Input Output
Hexa-decimal F3 F2 F1 F0
0 0 0 0 0

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1
2
3
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
A (10) 1 0 1 0
B (11) 1 0 1 1
C (12) 1 1 0 0
D (13) 1 1 0 1
E (14) 1 1 1 0
F (15) 1 1 1 1
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2. HEXA-DECIMAL TO BINARY ENCODER (Logic diagram):
0
1 1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6

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7 7 7 7
8 8
9 9 9
(10)A 10 10
(11)B 11 11 11
(12)C 12 12
(13)D 13 13 13
(14)E 14 14 14
(15)F 15 15 15 15
v vvv vv vv v vv v v v v v vvvvvvvv vvvvvvvv

v vF2 vF1 vF0

F3
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Working of Hexa-Decimal to Binary Encoder:
In the above diagram sixteen hexa-decimal signals (0-15) with
horizontal lines represents input signals. Each OR gate is
connected with these multiple signals. The gates that are
connected to a signal represents true (1) otherwise false (0). It
returns 4 bits output.

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Assume that the signal containing decimal number 5 gets ON. In
this case the gates represented by F0 and F2 returns true (1)
output because signal 5 is connected with F0 and F2, and the gates
represented by F1 and F3 returns false (0) output because they are
not connected. So, the final output will be 0101. See below:
Input Output (4 bits)
Decimal F3 F2 F1 F0
5 0 1 0 1
As you know that the Binary combination of hexa-decimal number
5 is 0101. Thus, it shows hexa-decimal to Binary Conversion.
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3. OCTAL TO BINARY ENCODER:
This converts octal input to Binary form.
Truth table
Input Output
Octal F2 F1 F0
0
1
2
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0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
7 1 1 1
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OCTAL TO BINARY ENCODER:

0
Logic diagram
1 1
2 2

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4
5 5
4

6
3

5
3

6 6
7 7 7 7

vv vv vvv v v vvv

v v F1 v F0
F2
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Working of Octal to Binary Encoder:
In the above diagram eight octal signals (0-7) with horizontal lines
represents input signals. Each OR gate is connected with these
multiple signals. The gates that are connected to a signal
represents true (1) otherwise false (0). It returns 3 bits output.

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Assume that the signal containing decimal number 5 gets ON. In
this case the gates represented by F0 and F2 returns true (1)
output because signal 5 is connected with F0 and F2, and the gate
represented by F1 returns false (0) output because this is not
connected. So, the final output will be 101. See below:
Input Output (3 bits)
Octal F2 F1 F0
5 1 0 1
As you know that the Binary combination of octal number 5 is 101.
Thus, it shows octal to Binary Conversion.