Name: Cariaga, Mark Justine R. , Razo, John Eldrich R.

Subject&Section: AMTE 116

___________
L - 3X

Date: 10/07/2024 Rating: _________________________

Activity No. 8

TITLE:

Drilling

INTRODUCTION:
Drilling is a fundamental machining process used to create holes in various materials, typically for
fastening purposes. In aviation and mechanical industries, drilling must be precise to maintain
structural integrity and alignment. This activity will familiarize students with the safe and effective
use of a drill, proper bit selection, and how to achieve accurate hole placement for different
applications.

OBJECTIVE:
To familiarize students on how to secure bolts & nuts using safety wire.

MATERIALS AND APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Description Quantity
3/8” bolts & nuts 15 pairs
6 x 10 x 1” wooden board 1 unit
Electric drill 1 unit
3/8” drill bit 1 unit
Gauge 22 wire 3 meters
3/8” combination wrench 2 units
Twister pliers 1 unit
Long nose pliers 1 unit

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 PROCEDURE:

Preperation
1. Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes.
2. Clamp the wooden board securely to the workbench to prevent movement during drilling.
3. Select the appropriate drill bit size based on the hole requirements.
4. Use a pencil or marker and measuring tape to mark the exact location where the hole will
be drilled.
Setting Up The Drill
1. Insert the selected drill bit into the drill's chuck, ensuring it is tightened securely.
2. Adjust the drill's speed based on the material being drilled (lower speeds for hard
materials, higher speeds for softer materials).
Drill The Hole
1. Position the drill perpendicular to the material at the marked spot.
2. Begin drilling slowly to create a pilot hole, then increase speed gradually to drill through
the material.
3. Apply consistent pressure, but avoid forcing the drill, allowing the bit to cut naturally.
4. Once the hole is complete, release the trigger and carefully remove the drill.
Finishing
1. Inspect the hole for clean edges. If necessary, use a deburring tool or sandpaper to
smooth the edges.
2. Unclamp the board and clean the workspace of any debris.

REFERENCE:
Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – General (2018) by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

RECOMMENDED ACTIVITY:
Perform the safety wiring procedure depending on the layout given by the instructor.

CONCLUSION:
Drilling is an essential skill that requires precision, the correct selection of tools, and strict
adherence to safety measures. By following the procedures outlined in this activity, students
can effectively create accurate holes in various materials, enhancing their understanding of
material behavior and tool handling. Properly performed drilling ensures the structural integrity
of components, which is particularly important in fields like aviation and engineering.
Continuous practice will help students master the technique, improving both speed and

55 accuracy while maintaining safety protocols.

ACTIVITY RUBRICS:
Excellent Unacceptable
Shop Skills
(5)
Good (4) Fair (3) Poor (2)
(1) Score:
The job was The job was The job was The job was
complete The job was complete but complete but
incomplete
and worked complete and did not work; did not work;
Job needed needed and did not
worked, but
Completion according to several minor several major work.
the task needed minor
description. modifications. modifications. modifications.

Followed Moderately Did not

Ability to Did not appear
directions to Followed followed follow
Follow concerned
the letter. directions. directions. directions.
Directions with
Student Student is directions.
knows and able to
is able to identify and Student is Student is
identify and explain unable to Student is not unable to
Demonstrated explain necessary identify or able to both either identify
Knowledge of necessary theories for explain identify and or explain any
Theory theories for completion of concepts explain major related
completion the project without major theories. theories to the
of the with some prompting. project.
project. assistance.
Student was Student was Student was
able to able to Student was Student was
able to
Level of complete the complete the complete the unable to unable to
Needed task without task with little task with complete task complete task
Assistance assistance. assistance. moderate without major with
assistance. assistance. assistance.
Student Student did
Student Student did
Student had/gathered not
had/gathered have/gather not
had/gathered most
Student all materials some of the have/gather
most materials,
Preparedness and was however, they needed the needed
completely materials and materials and
needed excess materials to
ready to go went to work. was unable to
time to do so. perform
to work. work. perform work.
Routinely
used time Procrastinated Wasunableto Did not meet
well Used time
somewhatbut adequately timeline due to
Time throughout fairly well
did get the job meet timeline procrastination
Management the project throughout
doneontime. dueto or wasting
to get the the project. inability. time.
job done on
time.
Student
Student Student turned
turned in a Student Student
Studen turned in a in a project
project they turned in a turned in
t project that is without
considered a project they project simply
Attitud semi-decent concern for its
reflection of are pleased to receive
e to receive a reflection of
their diligent wit h. credit.
Durin fair grade. their work.
efforts.
g
Project

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 Student
Student Student failed
attempted to Student made
Application Student followed most to follow a
follow safety no effort to
of Safety followed all safety rules, significant
rules but follow safety
Practices safety rules. may have number of
failed to meet rules.
forgotten one. safety rules.
several.
Student took
Student was
great care of Student took
careless with
the precision some care
Little care tools & or
tools & and with the
was taken machine
equipment precision
with tools & resulting in
that he or tools & Student failed
machine. broken tools
Care of she used. equipment. to take care of
Few tools or equipment.
Machine, All tools Work area & tools and or
where Student did
Tools & where machine did not clean
returned to not return
Clean- up retuned to where the
the tool room. tools to the
tool room & particularly machine.
Machine and tool room and
the machine cleaned.
work area not also did not
and work Some tools week cleaned. clean machine
area was not returned and assigned
cleaned to tool room. work area.
properly.

Total: /45

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 Safety Wiring Procedure and Techniques
Safety wiring is the most positive and satisfactory method of safe tying cap screws, studs, nuts, bolt heads, and
turnbuckle barrels, which cannot be safe tied by any other practical means. It is a method of wiring together
two or more units in such a manner that any tendency of one to loosen is counteracted by the tightening of the
wire.
Nuts, Bolts, and Screws
Nuts, bolts, and screws are safety wired by the single wire or double twist method. The double twist method is
the most common method of safety wiring. The single wire method may be used on small screws in a closely
spaced closed geometrical pattern, on parts in electrical systems, and in places that are extremely difficult to
reach. Safety wiring should always be per conventional methods or as required by the manufacturer.

Figure 8-1

• Examples1,2,and5illustratethepropermethodofsafetywiringbolts,screws,square-headplugs,and
similar parts when wired in pairs.
• Example3illustratesseveralcomponentswiredinseries.
• Example4illustratesthepropermethodofwiringcastellatednutsandstuds.(Notethatthereisnoloop
around the nut.)
• Examples6and7illustrateasingle-threadedcomponentwiredtoahousingorlug.
• Example8illustratesseveralcomponentsinacloselyspacedclosedgeometricalpatternusingasingle
wire method.
When drilled head bolts, screws, or other parts are grouped together, they are more conveniently safety
wired to each other in a series rather than individually. The number of nuts, bolts, or screws that may be
safety wired together is dependent on the application. For instance, when safety wiring widely spaced bolts
by the double twist method, a group of three should be the maximum number in a series. When safety
wiring closely spaced bolts, the number that can be safety wired by a 24-inch length of wire is the maximum
in a series. The wire is arranged so that if the bolt or screw begins to loosen, the force applied to the wire is
in the tightening direction.

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 Parts being safety wired should be torqued to recommend values and the holes aligned before attempting the
safe tying operation. Never over torque or loosen a torqued nut to align safety wire holes.

General Safety Wiring Rules

1. When using the safety wire method of safe tying, the following general rules should be followed: 2. Pigtail of 1⁄4
to 1⁄2 inch (three to six twists) should be made at the end of the wiring. This pigtail must be bent back or under to
prevent it from becoming a snag. 3. The safety wire must be new upon each application. 4. When castellated nuts
are to be secured with safety wire, tighten the nut to the low side of the selected torque range, unless otherwise
specified, and if necessary, continue tightening until a slot aligns with the hole. 5. All safety wires must be tight
after installation, but not under such tension that normal handling or vibration breaks the wire. 6. The wire must
be applied so that all pull exerted by the wire tends to tighten the nut. 7. Twists should be tight and even, and the
wire between the nuts as taut as possible without over twisting. 8. The safety wire should always be installed and
twisted so that the loop around the head stays down and does not tend to come up over the bolt head, causing a
slack loop.

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