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International Journal of Advanced Research in ISSN: 2278-6236
Management and Social Sciences Impact Factor: 7.065
DELIVERY OF THE SERVICES OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE: A

COMMUNITY BASED ASSESSMENT
VICTOR V. MARTINEZ, MSCrim Faculty Member, College of Criminal Justice Education
Isabela State Universityb Cabagan, Isabela, Philippines
ABSTRACT: The Philippine National Police play an important role in the development and progress
of the community. It is one of the implementing mechanisms of peace and order which has the
primary task of ensuring that peace and order prevail in the community and the municipality in
general. Peace and order in local communities translates to a sense of a shared feeling of security
among the citizens. People who have this sense of security are more likely to participate in
community activities that aim to improve the livelihood and well-being of all. In this sense, the
maintenance of peace and order is part of the foundation for genuine, community-based
development. This study was conducted to determine the level of satisfaction of community residents
on the service delivery of the Philippine National Police and utilized the descriptive correlational
research design. This design described the profile of the PNP and community residents and
correlated the profile with the level of satisfaction of community residents on the PNP delivered
services. The main instrument used in the study was questionnaire and interviews were also
conducted to support the responses given in the questionnaire. The data were analyzed and
tabulated using frequency counts and percentages. The weighted mean was used to measure the
satisfaction of the community residents on the PNP services. From the emerged findings of study, it is
therefore concluded that the PNP members are performing their functions in maintaining peace and
order in the community. The positive responses of the residents are a reflection that the PNP have
efficiently provided the services as mandated in their functions as peacekeepers. From the results of
this study, it is recommended that the Philippine National Police should sustain its outstanding
performance and further capacitate itself to provide swift response to emergency cases in the
community.
KEYWORDS: peacekeepers, level of satisfaction, delivery of services, partnership, community-based
assessment, community development and progress
INTRODUCTION
The PNP and policing in the Philippines began when the Constitution of the Revolutionary
Government under General Emilio Aguinaldo established the Department of Police and
Internal Order. This paved the way for the earliest accounts of Policing in the Philippines. In
Vol. 8 | No. 2 | Feb 2019 www.garph.co.uk IJARMSS | 278

August 8, 1901 the Insular Constabulary was established which was created by Commission
Act No. 175 with Capt. Henry T. Allen as its first Chief. In December 1902, the Insular
Constabulary was renamed as the Philippine Constabulary (PC). Then in 1950, the PC
became a Major Command of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) by virtue of
Executive Order No. 389. In August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree No. 765 was issued
authorizing the merging of the PC and Integrated National Police (INP) into a new
organization, the PC/INP. This was necessary in addressing the need for integrating the
peace and order and anti-criminality efforts of the diverse and fragmented local or
municipal police units into the national peace and development program. In 1986, after the
People Power Revolution (EDSA 1), a new Constitution was promulgated, providing for a
police force, which is “national in scope and civilian in character”. In January 29, 1991,
Republic Act No. 6975 mandated the abolition of the PC/INP and the creation of the PNP
with the members of the PC/INP as its nucleus and the absorption of selected members
from the major service units of the AFP like the Philippine Air Force Security Command
(PAFSECOM), the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), Philippine Navy (PN) and the Philippine
Army (PA) to be the national police force. In February 17, 1998, Republic Act (RA) No. 8551
known as the “PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998” was enacted, which allowed the
reorganization of the PNP to effectively perform its mission (CPSM, 2012).
The PNP, “Imploring the aid of the Almighty,” by 2030, envisions that it shall be a highly
capable, effective and credible police service working in partnership with a responsive
community towards the attainment of a safer place to live, work and do business”
(pnp.gov.ph). The PNP’s mission is to enforce the law, prevent and control crimes, maintain
peace and order, and ensure public safety and internal security with the active support of
the community (pnp.gov.ph).
The PNP is tasked to: enforce the law; maintain peace and order; prevent and investigate
crimes and bring offenders to justice; exercise the vested powers from the Philippine
Constitution and pertinent laws; detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is
prescribed by law; implement pertinent laws and regulations on firearms and explosives

control; and supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies
(pnp.gov.ph).
The PNP Strategic Focus termed as “CODE-P: 2013 and Beyond,” clearly defines the PNP’s
direction – where they are now, what resources they have, where they want to go and how
they will face the challenges ahead. It shall serve as a guide to get the job done, including
the simplification of the systems and processes and removing of unnecessary functions
inside the organization. In furtherance of this Strategic Focus, redefining the fundamental
role of a policeman shall be set forth focusing on its performance in attaining higher crime
solution and by arresting more criminals (pnp.gov.ph.).
Further, according to the PNP, it has developed this Strategic Focus in order to effectively
meet its goals of better serving and protecting the public and in order to implement this, the
following main objectives shall be accomplished by them: (1) To enhance the knowledge,
skills and attitudes (KSAs) of policemen through constant quality training and education to
achieve the desired Competence levels; (2) To institute Organizational Development in the
execution of the PNP Program Thrust; (3) To instill Discipline and inspire unwavering
commitment in the execution of its mandated core functions without fear or favor; (4) To
ensure Excellence in the performance of mandated tasks through the optimum use of
resources; and (5) To cultivate personal commitment for Professional policing.
In an article published in the Daily Guardian (2015), all barangay councils are urged to
maximize the presence of the PNP to intensify peace and order. The PNP has become a pillar
in the local government affairs that provide direct and round-the-clock services to maintain
and preserve peace and order. In spite of police efforts to deter crimes, there are still crimes
against persons in different areas particularly during night time.
In a study conducted by Espinosa (2011), he assessed the community policing towards peace
and order sustenance in the eight municipalities of the 2nd District of Pangasinan.
Respondents were PNP and barangay officials. He found out that the police have a wide
array of services as follows: a) locating missing persons 2) issuing police clearance and anti-

car napping clearances; 3) conducting rescue operations in coordination with concerned

agencies during emergency and disasters; 4) providing community policing through
patrolling peacekeeping and counseling 5) providing security services on holidays and
special occasions; 6) issuing firearm licenses; 7) executing court orders and municipal
ordinances; 8) conduct of barangay information network and mediation to family feud; 9)
conducting consultations with community members, and 10) providing security escorts to
VIPs and foreign liaisoning.
The average performance rate of the PNP was 90% (very satisfactory). He concluded that
the PNP in Pangasinan has limited number of manpower serving a big population and
operations with minimal budget with an array of public safety services programs rendered.
More over, Provincial Police Director PSSupt. Edgardo G. Tinio also stressed the need to
intensify the police integrated system as he sought the assistance of barangay tanods in the
prevention of crime in their respective areas of jurisdiction. Tinio said that the active
involvement, commitment and participation of barangay officials matter a lot in the
realization of law enforcement-related programs and activities.
He further encouraged the local officials and ordinary community residents alike to be pro-
active and be involved in PNP’s text volunteer brigade dubbed “I Text Mo, Aksyonan Ko” by
reporting any known crime-related incident. While they cooperate with the Philippine
National Police (PNP), they are not a part of the PNP (http//www.sunstar.com.ph).
They do not have the same authority as police officers. Rather tanods augment the police
and fulfill "certain functions which the police force cannot immediately discharge especially
with respect to the implementation of national and local laws within barangays. The Local
Government Code of the Philippines sets out the basic duties and responsibilities of a tanod.
The Department of Interior and Local Government provides training and a fuller definition of
duties.

They may be either unarmed or armed simply, say with a truncheon or a bolo, a type
of machete, (Vestil et.al., 2008). They are not officially armed with guns, though some do
carry arms. Those who do carry a gun may have obtained a private license as a private
citizen and not as part of their official tanod duties, while others carry the firearms illegally.
The first of the three major policing roles is maintaining order or keeping the peace, the goal
of which is to reinforce informal control mechanisms already operating in the community.
Sometimes this role involves enforcement of local statutes and laws, such as when the
police respond to complaints sometimes is disturbing the peace. At other times the
peacekeeping role involves activities undertaken to maintain the civility of life in the
community. In fact, police officers respond to many incidents not by enforcing the law but
rather by handling the situation.
Typical examples of maintaining order, or the peacekeeping function, include traffic control
and crowd management during sporting events, concerts, and parades. Officers engaged in
maintaining order typically use informal sanctions such as warnings far more than formal
sanctions such as citations and arrests.
The primary function of law enforcement is the application of the criminal code to specific,
developing situations. But the process of enforcing laws is not as clear-cut as you might
expect there are more laws in criminal codes than police can routinely enforce maintaining
order peacekeeping activities, including enforcement of quality of life laws such as no
loitering law enforcement.
The Philippine National Police (PNP) enjoyed an all-time high rating in a recent performance
survey. A Social Weather Stations (SWS) survey showed that six out of 10 Filipinos were
satisfied with the performance of the PNP, which garnered an all-time high 50 percent net
satisfaction rating. The SWS was commissioned by the PNP to conduct the survey from Dec.
8 to 11, 2012. The survey involved 1,200 respondents nationwide, with 300 respondents
each from Metro Manila, Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao.

Vladymir Joseph Licudine, SWS deputy director for surveys, said the poll also showed that 31
percent of respondents opted not to report a crime, considering it “too small a thing,” while
10 percent believed “no police action (or) nothing would be done.” Licudine said the survey
showed 66 percent were satisfied with police action against pickpockets and only 34 percent
were dissatisfied.
The attempt of the Philippine National Police (PNP) management to eliminate corruption
and misconduct within the organization and render true public service or ‘serbisyong
makatotohanan’ is in line with its newly revised vision, “Imploring the aid of the Almighty,
by 2030, it shall be a highly capable, effective and credible police service, working in
partnership with a responsive community towards the attainment of a safer place to live,
work and do business” (www.napolcom.gov.ph). In the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
2011, the Philippines ranked 129th out of 182 countries. Eradicating such corruption within
the bureaucracy, local governments and private enterprises will not be easy due to weak
law enforcement. Corruption varies from minor bribes demanded by an ordinary traffic
police to multimillion dollar proposals allegedly done at the highest seats of power, which is
widespread in public as well as in private sectors in the Philippines (Philippines: Anti-
corruption drive faces tough tests, 2011).
Further, according to Prenzler (2002), the word “corruption” can be used broadly along with
common terms such as “misconduct” and “deviance” to cover any behavior by police that is
considered illegal or unethical. However, aforementioned author also defined corruption as
soliciting or accepting a bribe. An example would be a police officer accepting money from a
drug dealer in return for not charging the dealer with trafficking. Misconduct may also be as
simple as drinking on duty and sleeping on duty according to Barker (1983).
The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), including the PNP and various
local governments, is the number 1 among the top 10 most corrupt departments in the
Philippines from 1990 to 1995 (Batalla, 2000). In fact, the former President of the
Philippines, Mrs. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, acknowledged the severe problem of corruption
in the police organization on July 17, 2003 when she was interviewed about the escape of an

Indonesian bomber, Fathur Rohman al-Ghozi who was under the custody of the PNP,
allegedly in exchange for a huge amount of money (Robles, 2003). Additionally, the
government’s failure to deal with crimes, specifically the increasing rates of kidnapping,
killing and bank robberies in Manila, capital city of the Philippines, caused so much
frustration among the rich and middle classes (Cumming-Bruce, 1996).
The Philippine National Police plays an important role in the development and progress of
the community. It is one of the implementing mechanisms of peace and order which has
the primary task of ensuring that peace and order prevail in the community and the
municipality in general. Peace and order in local communities translates to a sense of a
shared feeling of security among the citizens. People who have this sense of security are
more likely to participate in community activities that aim to improve the livelihood and
well-being of all. In this sense, the maintenance of peace and order is part of the foundation
for genuine, community-based development.
Peacekeeping is the basic function of the police. And police visibility is one of the main
thrusts of the peacekeeping activity. Without this, it would be very difficult to maintain
peace and order. However, enhanced police visibility may not work in all situations or fail to
achieve its objective of addressing criminality. This is where the police must share the
mantle of responsibility for fighting crime with the members of the community. Community
cooperation and support is indispensable. In fact, the basic mission of the PNP expressly
states that peace and order and public safety can be assured only with the active
involvement of the community.
The PNP is the backbone of public safety. From patrol to crime prevention to investigation,
the police operations perform a variety of duties to protect and improve the peace and well-
being enjoyed by community residents and visitors. Community safety begins with the
aggressive pursuit of criminal activity, and with the equally aggressive protection of
individual rights to peace, privacy and freedom. The PNP seeks to prevent and deter crime
whenever possible. They stand ready to pursue individuals who present a threat to people,
property, and community order.

The popular image of law enforcement officer is that of a heroic crime fighter who puts his
or her life on the line every day. In the movies and on television, police officers spend most
of their time combating criminals and rescuing victims from the grip of gun-toting, drug-
sniffing thieves, killers and psychopaths. The reality of law enforcement, however, is a far
less dramatic story.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Generally, this study was conducted to determine the level of satisfaction of community
residents on the service delivery of the Philippine National Police. Specifically, it sought to
answer to the following questions:
1. What is the profile of respondents as to:
1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
1.3. Highest educational attainment
1.4. Occupation
2. What is the level of satisfaction of community residents on the services of the
PNP in keeping public order in the municipality and communities?
3. Is there a significant difference in the level of satisfaction of respondents when
grouped according to their profile?
4. What problems and suggestions do respondents propose to improve the PNP
services in the area?
METHODOLOGY
This study utilized the descriptive correlational research design. This design described the
profile of the PNP and community residents and correlated the profile with the level of
satisfaction of community residents on the PNP services. This study took the community
residents as the primary source of data as needed in the conduct of the study. Random
sampling was adopted in selecting the community residents.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS

The main instrument used in the study was questionnaire and interviews were also
conducted to support the responses given in the questionnaire. Documentary analysis was
likewise made to look into the physical resources available.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data were analyzed and tabulated using frequency counts and percentages. The
weighted mean was used to measure the satisfaction of the community residents on the
PNP services using the scale below:
3 – very satisfied
2 – satisfied
1 – not satisfied
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents according to Age
Age Frequency Percentage
33-35 45 45.00
38-40 18 18.00
43-45 7 7.00
48-50 10 10.00
53-55 5 5.00
56-60 5 5.00
61-65 5 5.00
66-70 5 5.00
TOTAL 100 100.00
Mean = 42.16 SD = 7.89
Table 1 showed the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents as to
age. As gleamed from the table, most of them (45 or 45 percent) are within the age
bracket of 33-35 with a mean age of 42.16 which implies that the community
residents are matured enough in assessing the level of the delivered services of the

Philippine National Police in their locality.
Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents according to Sex

SEX Frequency Percentage
Male 65 65.00
Female 35 35.00
TOTAL 100 100.00
As reflected from the table, majority of the respondents are male with a frequency of 65
or 65.00 percent. This implies that protection of the family and the community is expected
to be in the hands of the fathers or heads of family.
Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Residents as to
Their Highest Education Attainment
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage
Elementary Level 8 8.00
Elementary Graduate 34 34.00
Secondary Level 15 15.00
Secondary Graduate 28 28.00
College Level 5 5.00
College Graduate 10 10.00
TOTAL 100 100.00
Table 3 revealed the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to
their highest educational attainment. the highest educational attainment of the community
residents. Most of the respondents are elementary graduates with a frequency of 34 0r 34
percent. This finding showed that respondents realized the importance of education in their
lives. Furthermore, the high level of literacy among the respondents is reflective of their
capacity to intermingle with people who are highly educated.

Table 4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents according to

Occupation
Occupation Frequency Percentage
Farming 45 45.00
Housekeeping 10 10.00
Laborers 33 33.00
Vegetable Vendor 2 2.00
Government Employee 10 10.00
TOTAL 100 100.00
Table 4 presented the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according
to their occupation. As reflected in the table, majority of the respondents are farmers with a
frequency of 45 or 45 percent. This data reflects the main source of livelihood of the people
in the community which is farming.
Table 5. Summary of the Item Mean on the Level of Satisfaction of Community Residents
on the delivery of Services of the PNP
Services Weighted Adjectival Value
Mean
Locating missing person 2.89 Very Satisfied
Issuing police clearance 3.00 Very satisfied
Providing community policing through 2.78 Very satisfied
patrolling, peacekeeping and counseling
Conducting rescue operations in 2.65 Very satisfied
coordination with concerned agencies during
emergency and disaster
Providing security services on holidays and 2.38 Satisfied
special occasions
Overall Mean 2.74 Very satisfied
The data revealed that the respondents are very satisfied with an over-all mean of 2.74 on
the delivered services of the PNP which are extended in the community particularly on the
items of locating missing persons, issuing police clearance, conducting rescue operations¸

patrolling, and providing security services during special occasions. This data imply that the
law enforcers of the PNP are functioning well in their mandated duties.
CONCLUSION
From the emerged findings of study, it is therefore concluded that the PNP members are
performing their functions in maintaining peace and order in the community. The positive
responses of the residents are a reflection that the PNP have efficiently provided the
services as mandated in their functions as peacekeepers.
RECOMMENDATIONS
From the results of this study, it is recommended that the Philippine National Police should
sustain its outstanding performance and further capacitate itself to provide swift response
to emergency cases in the community. It is likewise recommended that the community
residents as the immediate clients should provide the essential support to the proper
authorities especially on the occurrence of possible terrorists and provide information that
may hinder the peace and order situation in the community.
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Ahmad, S. (2002). The importance of recruitment and selection process for sustainability of
total quality management. The International Journal of Quality and Reliability
Management, 19(5), p.541-545.
Amado, R. (2001). “Checks, Balances, and Appointments in the Public Service: Israeli
Experience in Comparative Perspective.” Public Administration Review 61(5), p.569-
584. Asia: Manila showdown; the police in the Philippines. (2010). United States: The
Economist Intelligence Unit.
http://search.proquest.com/docview/748091676?accountid=130127.
Barrett, G. et.al, (2003).Practical issues in the use of personality tests in police selection.
Public Personnel Management, 32(4), p.497. Retrieved from http://search.
proquest.com/docview/215942646?accountid=130127.Batalla, E. (2000). De-
institutionalizing Corruption in the Philippines .

Benitez, B. (2011). Community Policing Towards Peace and Order Sustenance in the 2nd
district of Pangasinan. Masteral Thesis. South western University, Dagupan City.
Bozeman, D.P. et al., (1996). An examination of reactions to perceptions of organizational
politics, paper presented at the southern management association meeting, New
Orleans, L.A.
Institutionalizing Strategies to Combat Corruption: Lessons from East Asia Conference.
Makati, Philippines: Social Development Research Center.
Philippine National Police. (2012). About the philippine national police. Retrieved August 12,
2012 from http://pnp.gov.ph/portal/features11/organization.
Philippine National Police.(2013). PNP strategic focus.Retrieved March 31, 2014 from
http://pnp.gov.ph/portal/images/cpnp/4star/strategic.pdf.
Philippine National Police (January 16, 2014). PNP annual accomplishment report 2013
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Philippines: QC. Philippine National Police Directorate for Plans. Powers and
functions of PNP units/offices.Retrieved on August, 2013.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in ISSN: 2278-6236

Management and Social Sciences Impact Factor: 7.065

DELIVERY OF THE SERVICES OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE: A

Vol. 8 | No. 2 | Feb 2019 www.garph.co.uk IJARMSS | 278

Vol. 8 | No. 2 | Feb 2019 www.garph.co.uk IJARMSS | 279

Vol. 8 | No. 2 | Feb 2019 www.garph.co.uk IJARMSS | 280

car napping clearances; 3) conducting rescue operations in coordination with concerned

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Vol. 8 | No. 2 | Feb 2019 www.garph.co.uk IJARMSS | 282

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Vol. 8 | No. 2 | Feb 2019 www.garph.co.uk IJARMSS | 284

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

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Philippine National Police in their locality.

Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents according to Sex

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Table 4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents according to

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