Engineering Acoustics Lecture 5

Chapter 2 . . .
Noise Criteria in Sri Lanka
Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka

Area: Low noise area Medium noise area High noise area Silent area
Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

1) Low noise area An area located within any Pradeshiya sabha area.
2) Medium noise area

An area located within any municipal council or urban council area.

3) High noise area An area located within any export processing zone.
4) Silent area
The area covered by a distance of 100m from the boundary of a courthouse, hospital, public library,
school, zoo, sacred areas and areas apart

recreation or environmental purposes.

Maximum permissible noise levels at boundaries in LAeq,T
Area Day time Low noise 55
LAeq,T Night time 45
Medium noise
High noise Silent zone
63*
70 50
50
60 45
* - Provided that the noise level should not exceed 60 dB (A) inside
existing houses, during day time.

Maximum permissible noise level at boundaries in Leq dB (A) for industrial activities
Area
Leq dB (A)
Day time 6.00a.m. 6.00p.m. Night time 6.00p.m. 6.00a.m.
Rural residential Urban residential Noise sensitive Mixed residential Commercial Industrial
55 60 50 63 65 70
45 50 45 55 55 60

Maximum permissible noise levels at boundaries in Leq dB (A) for construction activities
Area
Leq dB (A)
Day time 6.00a.m - 10.00p.m Night time 10.00p.m 6.00a.m
Industrial/ commercial Residential
75
60
65
50

Standards: There are standards for the rating methods. For example, BS 4142 (1990) for industrial and commercial activities affecting residential areas.
BS 5228 for construction site noise affecting

residential areas.

Eg:- Consider an area with maximum permissible daytime sound level of 65 dB (A)
Factory
L 65 dB (A)
To be in accordance with the noise criteria of Sri

Lanka, along the perimeter (but inside the premises) measured L 65 dB (A).

Eg2:- The measurement position should be 1m from the front of the house (front of dwelling / faade).
L 65 dB (A)
To find the equivalent level, the reference time 1m
used is 5 min at night time and 60 min during the

day
Chapter 3 Sound Attenuation
Sound Attenuation
Sound attenuation is due to the absorption of sound
energy by the following,

a) ground absorption b) air absorption And also the velocity gradients caused by
meteorological conditions.
Sound Attenuation . . .
a) Attenuation due to ground absorption A ground surface that is acoustically soft (eg: grass land) as opposed to paved areas, attenuate sound propagation. For distances greater than 20m this effect can reduce the sound level. The effect is mainly significant for low propagation heights above ground surfaces.
a) Attenuation due to ground absorption
n1 dB h hm
20m
As a rough guide the following table indicates the extra attenuation due to propagation at various heights over
absorbing ground, assuming that source to be 0.7m

above the ground level.
Mean height of propagation (m) Ground attenuation dB (A)
6 4.5 3
1 2 3
1.5
0.7
4
5
The sound attenuation achieved by shrubs and trees can
only be marginal. For example, at 1000 Hz, the sound reduction per 100m is about 0.8 dB with very leafy undergrowth.
b) Attenuation due to air absorption Sound waves attenuate during propagation in air because the energy is absorbed by the medium. These losses are due to the relaxation process and depend upon the amount of water vapor present (humidity).
If a plane wave whose intensity I0 travels a distance x, the intensity Ix is given by,
Ix = I0 exp(-mx)
;where m is the attenuation constant per meter
When x = 1m,
log (I0/I1) = m log e = 0.434m m = (1/0.434) log (I0/I1)
The attenuation varies with humidity as well as temperature. The attenuation per unit length depends on frequency, f as follows. m = kf2 +
where k = 14.24 x 10-11 and is humidity dependant.
Therefore at low frequencies the attenuation is so little

(since k is small) that it can be neglected (below 1000 Hz).
Typical values are about 3 dB per 100m at 4000 Hz dropping to 0.3 dB per 100m at 1000 Hz. Air attenuation becomes very important for ultrasonic frequencies and is greater than 1dB/m at 100 kHz.
c) Attenuation due to meteorological conditions The velocity gradients caused by air, temperature or
wind have a major influence on the propagation of sound

in the open air i) Effect of wind
Generally the profile of wind speed is faster at

high altitude than close to the earth. The friction between the moving air and the ground results in decreased velocity near ground level
The sound propagation is controlled by the vector summation of wind and the sound velocities. VSW = VSE + VEW Therefore downwind from the source, sound rays are refracted back towards the ground and the received sound level is affected.
Upwind the sound is refracted up and away from the

ground causing acoustic shadows in which the sound level is considerably reduced.
wind speed
acoustic shadow ( I of sound will be very low)
In the upwind direction shadow zones may occur while downwind sound reaches into far distance. ii) Effect of temperature profile when the weather is fine during the day, the air is heated near the earths surface by solar radiation but gets cooler towards the upper sky.
The sound speed at t0C is given by C 331.5 + 0.61t
Thus the speed of sound is greater when the

temperature is higher. According to the above expression the sound rays bend upwards. This causes a symmetrical acoustic shadow in which the level is considerably reduced beyond a certain distance from the source near the ground.
low temp => low speed (c)
acoustic shadow Day time
At night or in cloudy weather the temperature profile takes the form of an inversion. In the case of a higher temperature in the upper air the sound can easily return to earth at quite large distances from the source.
high temp => high speed (c)
Night time
Reference book:
Acoustics and noise control
2nd edition B J Smith, R J Peters and S Owen
Practical schedule
3 Practical 2 - Outdoors 1 Industrial visit Assignments: Three (3) in-class assignments, each carry 10 marks. 3 for performance 7 for assignment

Engineering Acoustics Lecture 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Engineering Acoustics Lecture 5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Engineering Acoustics Lecture 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 2 . . .

Noise Criteria in Sri Lanka

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

2) Medium noise area

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

school, zoo, sacred areas and areas apart

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

Area Day time Low noise 55

LAeq,T Night time 45

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

Industrial/ commercial Residential

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

BS 5228 for construction site noise affecting

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

To be in accordance with the noise criteria of Sri

Noise Criteria In Sri Lanka . . .

To find the equivalent level, the reference time 1m

used is 5 min at night time and 60 min during the

Chapter 3 Sound Attenuation

energy by the following,

absorbing ground, assuming that source to be 0.7m

log (I0/I1) = m log e = 0.434m m = (1/0.434) log (I0/I1)

Therefore at low frequencies the attenuation is so little

wind have a major influence on the propagation of sound

Generally the profile of wind speed is faster at

Upwind the sound is refracted up and away from the

acoustic shadow ( I of sound will be very low)

Thus the speed of sound is greater when the

acoustic shadow Day time

You might also like