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OBJECTIVES:
explain the meaning and importance of

classroom management identify the different aspects of classroom management discuss the classroom activities to be routinized classify the typical misbehaviors, its causes and the ways of dealing and handling them

What is a classroom management ?

The provision & procedure necessary to create &

maintain an environment in which teaching & learning can occur .

Carter V. Goods Dictionary of Education defines

classroom management as

the

administration and direction of activities with special reference to such problems as discipline ,democratic techniques, use and care of supplies and reference materials, the physical features of the classroom ,general housekeeping and the social relationship of pupils

 planning classroom management:

Regulation on seating and attendance
The Handling of instructional materials and

equipment The control of activities during class period Classroom courtesies and discipline

The success or failure of teaching is

determined often by the way the class is organized and managed.

Importance of classroom management:

A well managed classroom will give the pupil rich

opportunities for mental growth and development.

It produces favorable working conditions to good

learning and makes school work enjoyable & interesting.

Good classroom management establishes an atmosphere

which permits activities to be carried on efficiently and economically.

as well as the learning of pupils.

Well groomed and hygienic condition affect the health

ASPECTS OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

 Some factors that fall under physical conditions are not within teachers control. But the ingenious teacher can make even the dullest room in the building attractive, cozy and comfortable, subject to facilities available to him and within his capabilities.

 The teacher and his pupils together can plan how to make their room attractive. Curtains, flowerpots, picture frames, posters, and bulletin boards can be utilized to make the place beautiful.

1. LIGHTING
Pupils should not face the source of light nor should shadows fall on their work.
The classroom should be free from harsh light and dark spots since these produce eyestrain. Lighting and illumination should be abundant and adequate.

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 Factors of provision of good lighting facilities: Size of the room Artificial light available Color of the walls Shades Location Manipulation of blinds
Black boards should be placed where pupils will not face the light. They should not be placed near windows.

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 Direct rays of sun on books and shiny surfaces like blackboards and glass tabletops produce glare. It should be avoided. The atmosphere can do a lot to the morale and work of the class. One author said that a pleasant atmosphere generates good thoughts and ideas, while unpleasant surrounding evoke dirty and ugly thoughts.

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 There should be a place where to put things out of the way, and everyone in the room should know where each thing goes. Should merely aid, in settling before the pupils,

opportunities for educational experiences. It is important for the teacher to determine what classroom activities should be routinized and made into habits. It is therefore necessary that daily activities can be turned into habits to facilitate speed and avoid waste of time. Routinizing certain activities has further value in that it prevents confusion and saves time.
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 Confusion reduces the effectiveness of learning

activities. Routinizing also aids in keeping the attention of the pupils upon their work.

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THE FOLLOWING SHOULD MAKE UP ROUTINE ACTIVITY:

1.Seating - In a small class, designated seats are not necessary. However, members of larger classes should be assigned seats even if the seats are movable. - In doing this, however, consideration should be given to those with physical defects or needs that warrant special attention. Near sighted pupils or pupils hard of hearing should be seated near in front of the room. Most seating, however, is done alphabetically.
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- The arrangement enables the teacher to become acquainted with the pupils in a very short time. - This also makes it possible for the teacher to check up on the attendance quickly. 2. Class Roll - An effective device for checking up on attendance will save time for more essential learning activities. - Alphabetical arrangement will also help in checking up attendance. - It is also necessary that the teacher should make it a routine detail to check up the roll at the beginning of the class period.
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the prevention of disciplinary problems.

- Knowing the names of each pupil will help in

3.Entering and leaving the room - Should be in order manner. - These movements should be organized that there is no confusion and loss of time. 4. Distributing, Collecting and Handling of Materials - A well-routinized procedure enables the pupils to get the materials before them with the least possible loss of time and energy.
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- Pupils should be taught how to distribute and collect all materials carefully and quietly. 5. Use of blackboard - Routine must be established for the use of the blackboard if the class is expected to make much use of it. - If blackboards are used frequently for practice exercises, pupils should be assigned to their regular places of work each time.

6. Use of Laboratory Equipment - The teacher must see to it that all the laboratory equipment to be used in the in the
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Class period and carefully checked in advance and conveniently arranged so that the class procedure may go forward with a minimum of confusion, loss of time, and misdirected energy. - There should be a place where to put all laboratory equipment will go.

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COURTESY

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all times. - The teacher and his pupils should formulate rules that should appreciate the values attained from an orderly and polite class. - Such expression as Please, Thank You, Im sorry, Excuse me, I beg your pardon should be automatic with both teacher and pupil.

- In the classroom, courtesy should be observed at

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- The teacher himself should be the model of

courteous behavior.
- In the classroom the children should be

trained to listen to the one reciting, because it

is the polite thing to do. - Children should be helped to realize that it is polite to share ideas with others.
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Definition:
manifested when students threaten the academic

activities at a particular moment

create disruptions in the academic flow of regular

classroom routine
associated with the breaking of class rules teachers need considerable knowledge about the

manifestations of behaviors of students in the classroom

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Categories of Misbehaviors

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Transient Nondisruptive Behavior

very short time
least serious category common and usually nondisruptive behavior
fooling around chatting with neighbor momentarily being off-task
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Disruptions in learning
behaviors that are unacceptable in the classroom includes:
Talking out of turn Walking about the room aimlessly and without

permission
tossing objects
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Defiance, cheating, lying and stealing

may be isolated acts
student may only need a one-on-one talk to find

out what precipitated the incident and what might

be done to prevent it from happening again

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Sexual misconduct, fighting, violence

major misbehavior that have ramifications beyond

the classroom or that begin elsewhere and spill over into the classroom

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Causes of Misbehavior

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1. Health Factors

- lack of sleep, allergy,illness/inadequate diet 2. Physical impairments - vision/hearing loss, paralysis/ severe physiological disorder 3. Neurological condition - Attention Deficit Disorder a mental disorder in which the area of the brain that controls motor activity does not work like it should 4. Medication or drugs -OTC medicine for nasal congestion may cause a student to be less alert than the usual

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5. Influence of home/society -lack of adequate clothing/housing; lack of parental supervisions and discipline; home routines/ significant events such as divorce of parents or death of relative/friend 6. School ad Classroom factors - curriculum; effectiveness of teachers, administration and staff, school; routines; inadequacy of facilities; students in the classroom

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Dealing with Inappropriate Behaviors

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 the teacher should ask the student to stop the

inappropriate behavior
the teacher should make eye contact with the student until appropriate behavior returns the teacher needs to remind the student of what appropriate behavior is

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 the teacher may need to ask the student to explain the correct
behavior to himself/herself the teacher needs to impose penalties for breaking the rules

off-task behavior occurs where students are doing repetitive,

boring tasks which they have already mastered

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Use of Rewards
delivered contingently shows spontaneity, variety, and credibility

provides

information

to

students

about

their

competence or the value of their accomplishments orients students toward better appreciation of their own task-related behavior and thinking about problem solving attributes success to effort and ability, implying that

similar success can be expected in the future

focuses students attention on their own task-relevant behavior
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Use of Punishments
explain and discuss acceptable behavior and clearly specify the behavior that will lead to punishment deliver a warning before punishment is applied to any behavior apply punishment fairly with everyone who exhibits the targeted behavior select the type of punishment to the situation

select the type of punishment that does not violate

school district policies or state statutes
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 prevent the opportunity for escape from punishment

use punishments only when rewards have not worked

or if the behavior must be decreased quickly administer punishment in a calm, unemotional manner

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